Taxonomy of meanings for 罰:　　

  • 罰 fá (OC: bod MC: bʷiɐt) 房越切 入 廣韻：【罪罰元命包曰网言爲詈刀詈爲罰罰之言网陷於害 】
    • GUILT
      • v[adN]pluralthose who deserve punishment of fining
    • PENALTY
      • na fine
      • nabactthe imposing of penalties
      • npost-Npenalty imposed by NDS
    • PUNISH
      • nabactarchaic: punitive action; later, more narrowly: punishment through fines;  
      • vt[oN]mete out punishments or fines, take punitive action with people
      • vtoNcondemn to the payment of a fine or some other form of mild punishment; generally: to punish
      • vtoNreflexive.自punish (oneself)
      • vtoStake punitive action against (a state of affairs described in S)
      • vt(oN)punish/fine the contextually determinate human NCH
      • vtoNpassiveget punishedCH

    Additional information about 罰

    說文解字:

      Criteria
    • PENALTY

      1. The general word for a fine is fá 罰, and the word refers to fines of any kind.

      2. Zī 貲 refers to a minor fine for a minor offence according to SHUOWEN and also in the Qin laws.

    • REWARD

      1. The current general word for rewarding is shǎng 賞 (ant. fá 罰 "punish" and zhū 誅 "punish").

      2. Láo 勞 (ant. chéng 懲 "punish") focusses on the contribution by those who are being rewarded.

      3. Kào 犒 focusses on the festive character of the ceremony accompanying or constituting the reward.

      4. Bào 報 construes the reward as being an interaction between equals.

      5. Cí 賜 refers to a present to an inferior in recognition of the latter's worth. For most examples see GIVE.

      NB: The meaning of shǎng 賞 "give as a present" is post-Buddhist.

    • PUNISH

      1. The general word for punishment is wú xíng 五刑, traditionally in SHU, LYUXING listed as "dà pí 大辟 "decapitation", yuè 刖 "mutilation of foot", yì 劓, gōng 宮 "castration", mò 墨 "branding". The list varied through time and is different in different sources.

      2. Xíng 刑 refers specifically to physical punishment.

      3. Fá 罰 refers to non-physical forms of punishment including typically fines. See FINE

      4. Yù 獄 can be used to refer to any kind of punitive action taken against criminals.

      5. Fǎ 法 can occasionally be used, mainly in early texts, to refer not to criminal law but to the application of such laws to criminals.

      6. Zuò 坐 refers to a condemned person being held responsible for a criminal act and being punished. See CONDEMN

      7. Tǎo 討 is a moralistic term referring to a momentous act of punishment in the name of justice, and the meaning often vascillates between ATTACK and PUNISH, when the reference is a punitive attack. See ATTACK

      Word relations
    • Ant: (PUNISH)賞/REWARD The current general word for rewarding is shǎng 賞 (ant. fá 罰 "punish" and zhū 誅 "punish").
    • Object: (PENALTY)赦/PARDON Shè 赦 (ant. zuì 罪 "hold criminally responsible") refers specifically and technically to the legal act of pardoning a convicted culprit.
    • Epithet: (PUNISH)重/INTENSELY Zhòng 重 freely refers to an impressive intensity beyond expectation of both positive or negative qualities or actions.
    • Contrast: (PUNISH)報/REVENGE The standard word for revenge is bào 報 (ant.* shè 赦 "let off").
    • Contrast: (PUNISH)刑/PUNISH Xíng 刑 refers specifically to physical punishment.
    • Contrast: (PUNISH)罪/ACCUSE Zuì 罪 typically refers to a superior or king raising criminal charges against someone under his jurisdiction, but occasionally the word is used in an extended way to refer to strong criticism offered by anyone with authority. [DESCENDING], [NEUTRAL], [OFFICIAL]
    • Contrast: (PENALTY)刑/PUNISH Xíng 刑 refers specifically to physical punishment.
    • Assoc: (PUNISH)刑/PUNISH Xíng 刑 refers specifically to physical punishment.
    • Assoc: (PUNISH)罪/ACCUSE Zuì 罪 typically refers to a superior or king raising criminal charges against someone under his jurisdiction, but occasionally the word is used in an extended way to refer to strong criticism offered by anyone with authority. [DESCENDING], [NEUTRAL], [OFFICIAL]
    • Assoc: (PUNISH)誅/PUNISH
    • Assoc: (PUNISH)賞/REWARD The current general word for rewarding is shǎng 賞 (ant. fá 罰 "punish" and zhū 誅 "punish").
    • Relat: (PUNISH)行/ACT The current general word for any deliberate action one may be held morally and/or administratively responsible for is xíng 行 (ant. zhǐ 止 "decide not to take action"). The nominal entries have the old reading xìng. [COMMENDATORY!], [GENERAL], [HABITUAL], [RESPONSIBLE]
    • Oppos: (PUNISH)賞/REWARD The current general word for rewarding is shǎng 賞 (ant. fá 罰 "punish" and zhū 誅 "punish").