Taxonomy of meanings for 澤:　　

Additional information about 澤

說文解字: 【澤】，光潤也。从水、睪聲。 【丈伯切】

Criteria
• RICH
  

  1. The general word for wealth is fù 富 (ant. pín 貧 "poor"), and the word has a remarkably wide range of syntactic roles.

  2. Sù fēng 素封 is an informal way of referring to substantial private wealth not conferred on one by the state.

  3. Zé 澤 "riches, rich benefits" (ant. kùn 困 "hardship") is largely limited to nominal usages and belongs to an elevated stylistic level.

  4. Yù 裕 "be generous to and make rich" (ant. jiǒng 窘 "impoverish") is marginal to the group.

  5. Ráo 饒 (ant. jí 瘠 "weakened and exhausted") refers to richness of land, and is thus also marginal to the group.

• GENEROUS
  

  1. Probably the most general word for generosity is huì 惠 (ant. sè 嗇 "stingy, ungenerous"), and this refers to any kind of emotional as well as material munificence by a person of superior status.

  2. Hòu 厚 (ant. báo 薄 "less than ample") refers to generosity of treatment which is not necessarily directed towards inferiors.

  3. Shī 施 focuses on the very activity involved in generous treatment of others, and the subject of this activitiy is normally a person of superior status.

  4. E!n 恩 (ant. chóu 仇 "hostile attitude") refers primarily to an attitude or disposition (typically on the part of a person of superior status) to be generous.

  5. Dé 德 and the rarer zé 澤 refer to graceful and spiritually inspiring munificence, typically from a person of supremely high status.

  6. Kuān 寬 and the rarer guǎng 廣 can refer to a general disposition towards non-narrow and broadly directed generosity.

  7. Zhān 霑 refers to receiving the benefits of generosity and is thus marginal in this group, and the word is rare.

  NB: Kāng kǎi 慷慨 refers to generousity with one's resources, but the usage is first attested in Ming novels.

• FALL
  

  1. The current general word for falling is zhuì 墜, and this word always has concrete meanings typically involving things falling out of the sky or from a high place.

  2. Duò 墮 typically refers to things falling from a much more moderate height.

  3. Yǔn 隕 refers to the falling down of something that has its natural place in a high position, including leaves growing on trees.

  4. Luò 落 is a rare word which usually refers to the falling of leaves from trees.

  5. Xiàn 陷 refers to falling into objects like pits or holes in the ground, also bogs zé 澤, but not rivers and the like.

• RIVERS
  

  1. NB: Hé 河 is normally a proper name of Yellow River and its tributaries. [The term Huanghe was in use since the Han times. The river flows through the following provinces Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong. In the northeastern part of the Shandong province, it flows into the Bohai gulf.

  2. Jiāng 江 is a proper name for the Yangtse River and its tributaries. [The greatest river of China. It flows through the following provinces and areas Xizang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu. Overall length 6300 km.]

  3. Huái 淮 belonged to the Four Great Rivers of antiquity. It springs from the Dongbo mountains in the Henan province, and then flows through the Anhui and Jiangsu. There it flows into the Jiāng.

  4. Zhè shǔi 浙水, Zhè jiāng 浙江 is an ancient name of the modern Qiántángjiāng 錢塘江. It is the greatest river of the modern Zhejiang province. It flows into the Hangzhou bay south of the city of Hangzhou. Overall length 450 km.

  5. Xiāng shǔi 湘水 is the greatest river in the modern Hunan province. It springs from the western slopes of the Donghaiyang mountains [Guangxi], and then flows through the cities of Hengyang and Changsha into the Dongting lake. Overall length 817 km.

  6. Mì luó shǔi 汩羅水 is the river in the northeastern part of the modern Hunan province. It springs from the Xiang mountains near the city of Ningzhou [the modern Jiangxi province]. The overall length 250 km. The poet Qu Yuan is said to commit suicide by throwing himself into this river.

  7. Yuán jiāng 沅江 is the river in the western part of the modern Hunan province. It springs from the Yunwu mountains in the Guizhou, and then flows to the east into the Dongting lake. Overall length 993 km.

  8. Xiāo xiāng 瀟湘 is another name for the Xiāng shǔi 湘水. The name sometimes refers to the middle part of the Xiāng shǔi, where it meets with the Xiāo shǔi 瀟水. Mentioned already in the Shanhaijing.

  9. Luò shǔi 洛水 is the river in the modern Henan province. The name was originally writen like 雒, in the period of the Three kingdoms it has been changed to 洛. Its spring is located in the Luonan county in the Shaanxi province, then it flows to the East through the cities Luoning, Yiyang, and Luoyang. In the modern Gong county, it flows into the Huanghe.　　　　　

  10. Hàn shǔi 漢水, Hàn jiāng 漢江 is one of the most important rivers of ancient China. It springs from the Panzhong mountains in the modern Shaanxi province, then flows through the southern part of the Shaanxi, northwestern and central Hubei, and in the Hanyang city [Wuhan] it flows into the Changjiang. Overall length of the river is 1532 km.

  11. Wèi shǔi 渭水, Wèi hé 渭河 is the most important tributary of the Huanghe. Its spring is located in the Niǎoshǔ 鳥鼠 mountains [Weiyuan county, Gansu province]. The river flows to the east, into the Huanghe. Its overall length is 787 km.

  12. Jīng hé 涇河 is the northern tributary of the Wèi shǔi 渭水. It has two springs - the northern, which is located in the Pingliang, and the southern, located in Huating [both counties belong to the modern Gansu province]. The river flows into the Wèi shǔi 渭水 in the modern Gaoling county [Shaanxi province]. Its overall length is 451 km.　　

  13. Lì zé 笠澤 is an original name of the later Sōng jiāng 松江. It springs from the Taihu lake, and flows to the east into the sea. An overall length of the river is 125 km.

  14. Luòshǔi 洛水

  15. Yīshǔi 伊水

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• LAKE
  

  1. The current general word for a lake of any shape or kind is hú 湖, but that term does exclude the ocean.

  2.. Yuān 淵 refers to a very deep pool.

  3. Zé 澤 refers to a large natural lake (and also to the marshy landscape around such a lake).

  4. Hǎi 海 can, from Han times onwards, come to refer to large lakes.

  5. Tán 潭 is a small but rather deep (typically natural) pool.

  8. Shǔ 藪 refers to a large shallow lake rich in water plants.

• MARSH
  

  1. The general term for marshland is zé 澤 refers specifically to large marhes and bogs, often including lakes.

  2. Sǒu 藪 refers to any swamp.

  3. Pǔ 浦 refers to an often swampy estuary.

  4. Xí 隰 refers to any low-lying and wet piece of territory, but the word - though general in meaning - is very rare.

Word relations
• Assoc: (MARSH)川/RIVER Chuān 川 is a general term for rivers, streams and streamlets which normally has a generic reference. 2 Attributions
• Assoc: (GENEROUS)德 / 得/GENEROUS Dé 德 and the rarer zé 澤 refer to graceful and spiritually inspiring munificence, typically from a person of supremely high status. 2 Attributions
• Assoc: (GENEROUS)恩/GENEROUS Ēn 恩 (ant. chóu 仇 "hostile attitude") refers primarily to an attitude or disposition (typically on the part of a person of superior status) to be generous.