Taxonomy of meanings for 喪:　　

  • 喪 sàng (OC: smaaŋs MC: sɑŋ) 蘇浪切 去 廣韻：【亡也蘇浪切又音桑二 】
    • LOSE
      • nabeventloss; the losing of something
      • vt[oN]lose control of things, lose control
      • vtoNto lose; lose all control of (one's state)
      • vtoNpermissiveallow oneself to love
      • vtoNpsychforsake (oneself)
      • vtoNfigurativelose control over (an army, a state etc)
      • vtoNmiddle voiceget lost, be lost
      • vt(oN)lose the contextually determinate N one would have liked to keepCH
      • vttoN1. prep N2lose N1 in the context of N2CH
      • disappear from> FLEE
        • vadNin exile
        • vt(oN)leave a country for reasons of personal security; disappear from a place and go into exile; be in exile
      • cause to be lost> DESTROY
        • vtoNcausativecause to be lost> destroy
        • vtoNfigurativecause to be ruined
        • vtoNreflexive.自destroy (oneself); cause one's own ruin
        • causative:military> DEFEAT
          • vtoNbe defeated by NCH
  • 喪 sāng (OC: smaaŋ MC: sɑŋ) 息郎切 平 廣韻：【同𠸶 】
    • DIE
      • vichangeto die, to perish, to become extinct
      • vtoNcausativecause oneself to die
      • nabeventcases of death
      • action> BURY
        • nabactburial; funeral
        • vtoNconduct proper funeral rites for (the dead)
        • nab.adNfuneralLZ
        • vt[oN]bury deceasedCH
      • reaction> MOURNING
        • nabactmourning; burial; funeral arrangements
        • viactconduct mourning rites for someone
        • vtoNfigurativemourn the death of> have die on one
        • vtoNgo through the rituals of mourning for; wear mourning for
        • v[adN]those who are enaged in mourning> the bereavedCH
        • nab.t:post-NN=objmourning on behalf of NDS

    Additional information about 喪

    說文解字:

      Criteria
    • MOURNING

      1. The most general current word is sāng 喪 which embraces all phases and aspects of complex process of mourning in ancient China.

      2. Diào 弔 / 吊 (ant. qìng 慶 "congratulate") is to publicly express one's sorrow on the occasion of the death of someone outside one's own immedidate family.

      3. Dào 悼 is to publicly bemoan any major disaster regarding a person, including serious disease or serious accidents.

      4. Kū 哭 (ant. xiào 笑 "laugh with joy") is often used as a generalised verb referring to participation in all sorts of mourning rituals and activities.

      5. Āi 哀 refers to engaging in mourning primarily for a near relative, but the word also has common extending meanings where it extends to any kind of grief. See GRIEF.

    • LOSE

      1. The dominant general word for to lose is shī 失 (ant. dé 得 "get") which refers to any disappearance of something which belonged to one in any sense, but the emphasis tends to be on the loss being the result of a mistake rather than mere insouciance.

      2. Yí 遺 (ant. cún 存 "keep in one's possession) is to lose through inadvertency an object that one would like to have or to keep.

      3. Wà2ng 亡 (ant. yǒu 有 "have") refers to the the disappearance or loss of property, what one has control of or owns, not to the loss of e.g. parts of the body.

      4. Sàng 喪 (ant. dé 得 "get") is to lose something or someone dear to one or close to one, including objects of "inalienable possession", either momentarily for a time, or permanently.

      5. Juān 捐 is sometimes used to refer to seeing one's supply of something diminished or to have such a supply disappear.

    • FLEE

      1. The current general word for illicit disappearance from where one has some obligation to remain is zǒu 走.

      2. Táo 逃 refers to an attempted or successful escape to a place, or from any difficult predicament (for which see AVOID), occasionally also from a person or group of persons. Thus to 逃 a state is to flee TO a state, to 逃 a predicament is to flee FROM a predicament, and to 逃 a person is to flee FROM that person.

      3. Bèi 北 is to flee during a battle engagement.

      4. Bēn 奔 is refers to absconding from a place at high speed.

      5. Dùn 遁 is to get away by simply going into hiding rather than by seeking refuge in a certain alternative place.

      6. Wáng 亡 and the much rarer sàng 喪 often refers to a dignified almost public way of leaving one place for another, especially to going into exile in order to escape danger.

      7. Yì 逸 / 佚 is to seek and find freedom through fleeing from an oppressive situation.

      8. Cuàn 竄 is primarily to sneak away, availing oneself of a narrow "window of opportunity", and going into hiding after the flight.

      NB: There is a striking number of binomes expressing flight. These need to be analysed in detail to determine their semantic nuances.

    • BURY

      1. Mái 埋 is the very general word for concrete interment, the placing of any object in the ground by digging a whole for it.

      2. The general word for human burial and funeral arrangements is zàng 葬. For the ritual aspects of funeral practice the standard word is sāng 喪. See MOURNING

      3. Bìn 殯 is a formal ritual term referring to the placing of a dead person in a coffin.

      4. Shōu 收 is a formal ritual term for preparing a dead person for formal burial.

      5. Yì 瘞 is a formal ritual term sometimes referring to preliminary or informal burial, but more regularly to the sacrificial burial of gifts for the deceased.

      6. Kēng 坑 is the burying of one or more persons alive, as punishment, or as an emergency burial of large numbers of persons. See EXECUTE

      7. Fù 祔 refers in a formal and technical way to the current practice of burying a person in the same grave as someone else, and to the ritual of placing the name tablet of the deceased next to that of someone with whom he was to be ritual associated.

      8. Gǎi zàng 改葬 refers to ritual reburial.

      9. Sì 肂 is a rare technical term for "preliminary burial".

      10. Biǎn 窆 is a rare technical term for "lower into the grave".

      11. Diàn 奠 refers to the sacrifice before the enterment of the body. See SACRIFICE

    • GARMENT FOR MOURNING

      1. The general term for all forms of mourning dress, including the garments themselves and everything worn on them, was sāng 喪, and this term designates such articles of clothing insofar as they are used for their purpose.

      2. Cuī 衰／縗 refers specifically to the garment worn in mourning.

      3. Dié 絰 refers to the belt of coarse hemp worn in mourning.

      4. Cuī dié 衰絰 refers in a general way to all the gear that makes up mourning dress, and quite frequently to the wearing of such gear, and I suspect that these terms would also refer to mourning dresses that are stored and not currently used in ritual contexts, but this needs to be investigated..

      Word relations
    • Ant: (LOSE)得/OBTAIN The current general and highly abstract verb for obtaining any form of possession of anything abstract or concrete is dé 得 (ant. shī 失 "lose inadvertently").
    • Epithet: (MOURNING)哀/GRIEF The current general word for deep sorrow is āi 哀 (ant. lè 樂 "profound joy"), and this word refers to an inner state of mind that typically finds expression in ritualised action.
    • Relat: (BURY)哀/GRIEF The current general word for deep sorrow is āi 哀 (ant. lè 樂 "profound joy"), and this word refers to an inner state of mind that typically finds expression in ritualised action.