CHEAT    欺騙

CRIME of CAUSING OTHERS TO BELIEVE to be TRUE what one KNOWS is NOT TRUE AND TYPICALLY to CAUSE THEM THEREFORE TO SUFFER DAMAGE.
SWINDLEDEFRAUDDECEIVETRICKSCAMDUPEHOODWINKDOUBLE-CROSSGULLRIP OFFCONFLEECESHAFTHOSESTINGBILKDIDDLEROOKGYPFINAGLEBAMBOOZLEFLIMFLAMPUT ONE OVER ONPULL A FAST ONE ONSUCKERSTIFFHORNSWOGGLE
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The standard common word for cheating is qī 欺 (ant. chéng 誠 ) and it refers to any deliberate act of deception, self-interested or not, even occasionally self-deception. 2. Zhà 詐 (ant. què 愨 "honest") is a fraudulent act of cheating designed to harm the interests of others. 3. Wěi 偽 (ant. zhēn 真 "true, unfaked") is dissumulation and pretense, not necessarily with an intent to harm others. 4. Guǐ 詭 and jué 譎 (all ant. zhèng 正 "straight and not deceitful") are dishonesty with an intent to deceive and harm others. 5. Wū 誣 is to deliberately mislead someone through lying. 6. Dàn 誕 is to deceive through boastful exaggeration. See EXAGGERATE 7. Mán 謾 refers primarily to the speaking without being serious about what one says. NB: There is an extraordinary wealth of rare vocabulary of possibly colloquial origin within this field.
Modern Chinese Criteria
欺騙 is the current modern word for cheating. 蒙騙 focusses on keeping the other person in the dark about a range of facts. 瞞騙 typically focusses on keeping the other person in the dark about specific details. 誆騙 "dupe" focusses on practical deceit. 詐騙 focusses on artful deceit. 哄騙 focusses on comprehensive deceit. 局騙 refers to swindling or fraud. 騙局 refers nominally to fraud. 誘騙 focusses on misleading someone by pandering to his or her desires. 瞞哄 "pull the wool over someone's eyes" refers to systematic deceit. 欺詐 (lit) refers reprehensively to deceitful behaviour. 欺哄 "fool someone" refers to misleading someone in a comprehensive way. 爾虞我詐 (prov) refers generally to deceitful behaviour. 招搖撞騙 (prov) refers specifically to fraud through pretending that one is an important personality. 掩人耳目 (prov) refers figuratively or periphrastically to deceitful behaviour. 仗勢欺人 哄 誆 欺 騙 蒙 虞 詐 謾 譎 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • PRETEND　CHEAT so as to CAUSE OTHERS to BELIEVE one COPULA:is RESEMBLING:as one SEEMS WHEN one is NOT. (anc: 14/0, child: 1)
  • SELF-DECEPTION　CHEAT ONESELF. (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
See also
  • EXAGGERATESPEAK so as to SEEM to CAUSE OTHERS TO BELIEVE that THINGS are GREATER in SIZE, DEGREE of FEATURES, OR IMPORTANCE than they REALLY are.
  • CRIMEWICKED ACT OFFENDING INTENSELY against an IMPORTANT LAW.
Hypernym
  • CRIME　WICKED ACT OFFENDING INTENSELY against an IMPORTANT LAW. (anc: 12/0, child: 2)
  • ACT　MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 16.68

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 114

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 189

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    DOLUS "guile, deception"

    FALLACIA

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    FRAUS

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 128

  • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. II.89

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p.

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 1.861

    BETRUGSTHEORIE (HISTORY OF RELIGION)

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 299

  • The Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( BORCHERT 2005) p.

    SELF-DECEPTION

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.276.232

    SURPRENDRE.TROMPER.LEURRER.DUPER

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 366

  • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. no.80

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 145A

    • Words (58 items)

    詐  zhà OC: tsraaɡs MC: ʈʂɣɛ 62 Attributions

    Zhà 詐 (ant. què 愨 "honest") is a fraudulent act of cheating designed to harm the interests of others.

      Word relations
    • Result: 怨/HATE Yuàn 怨 is resentment due to identified concrete causes, and the emotion is typically directed towards superiors or equals.
    • Contrast: 欺 / 諆/CHEAT The standard common word for cheating is qī 欺 (ant. chéng 誠) and it refers to any deliberate act of deception, self-interested or not, even occasionally self-deception.
    • Assoc: 欺 / 諆/CHEAT The standard common word for cheating is qī 欺 (ant. chéng 誠) and it refers to any deliberate act of deception, self-interested or not, even occasionally self-deception.
    • Assoc: 偽 / 為/PRETEND Wěi 偽 (ant. zhēn 真 "genuine") refers to the deliberate production of something artificial, and by extension the word comes to mean "pretend".

      Syntactic words
    • nabactdeceitfulness; fraudulence, deceit; acts of deceit
    • v[adN]one who engages in fraud
    • vadNfraudulent, pretended, faked
    • vadVfraudulently; deceitfully, with an intent to deceive [by deceit][CA]
    • viactbe deceitful, be fraudulent; break promises
    • vt[oN]be engaged in cheatingDS
    • vtoNcheat; 詐於 be deceitful towards deceit
    欺  qī OC: khɯ MC: khɨ
    諆  qī OC: khɯ MC: khɨ 57 Attributions

    The standard common word for cheating is qī 欺 (ant. chéng 誠) and it refers to any deliberate act of deception, self-interested or not, even occasionally self-deception.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 信/FAITHFUL The current general word for trustiness or good faith is xìn 信.
    • Object: 主/RULER The current general word for a person in charge of others are zhǔ 主 (ant. pú 僕 "servant").
    • Contrast: 罔/CHEAT
    • Contrast: 詐/CHEAT Zhà 詐 (ant. què 愨 "honest") is a fraudulent act of cheating designed to harm the interests of others.
    • Assoc: 詐/CHEAT Zhà 詐 (ant. què 愨 "honest") is a fraudulent act of cheating designed to harm the interests of others.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactbeing cheated
    • vadNdeceitful, given to cheating
    • viactengage in cheating; be fraudulent
    • vt[oN]stativecheat others> be deceitfuld, be fraudulent
    • vtoNcheat through word or action; treat dishonestly, deceive; perpetrate fraud against 欺於
    • vtoNpassiveget cheated
    • vtoNpsychdeceive (oneself)
    誣  wū OC: ma MC: mi̯o 23 Attributions

    Wū 誣 is to deliberately mislead someone through lying.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 矜/BOAST The standard word is chuī 吹 (opp. xī 吸 "breathe in") and this word can have human, animal as well natural subjects, and the word can also refer to the playing of wind instruments. [GENERAL]
    • Oppos: 愚/STUPID The dominant word is yú 愚 (ant. zhì 智 "clever; wise"), and the word refers to intellectual obtuseness as well as practical ineptitude.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactcheating, error, mistake, aberration; lie
    • vadNdeceitful, dishonest
    • viactbe dishonest, tell a lie; commit an aberration
    • vt[oN]deceive othersCH
    • vtoNdistort, lie about; mislead (mostly superiors)
    • vtoNpassivebe cheated
    • vtoNpsychdeceive (oneself)
    偽  wěi OC: ŋgʷals MC: ŋiɛ 11 Attributions

    Wěi 偽 (ant. zhēn 真 "true, unfaked") is dissumulation and pretense, not necessarily with an intent to harm others.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 矜/BOAST The standard word is chuī 吹 (opp. xī 吸 "breathe in") and this word can have human, animal as well natural subjects, and the word can also refer to the playing of wind instruments. [GENERAL]
    • Assoc: 邪/WICKED Xié 邪 (ant. zhèng 正 "straight and in no way wicked") typically involves nuances of sinister evil influences in addition to plain human depravity.

      Syntactic words
    • nabact(artfully deceitful action>) artifice; deceit, deceitfulness
    • v[adN]nonreferentialone who artfully deceives> the deceitful and pretending persons
    謾  mán OC: moon MC: mʷɑn 10 Attributions

    Mán 謾 refers primarily to the speaking without being serious about what one says.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNdeceptive, deceitful
    • vadVdeceitfully; idly
    • viactdisguise the facts; be deceptive; be less than open
    • vt+prep+Nhoodwink
    • vtoNcheat, deceive
    • vtoNpassivebe deceived
    詐偽  zhà wěi OC: tsraaɡs ŋgʷals MC: ʈʂɣɛ ŋiɛ 10 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactfraudulence of any kind
    • VPiengage in fraudulenceCH
    誑  kuáng OC: kʷaŋs MC: ki̯ɐŋ 8 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • nabdeceitCH
    • vibe fraudulentCH
    • viactbe deceitful, be fraudulent, be a cheater
    • vtoNdeceive
    • vttoN.+VtoSconativetry to cheat N by saying SDS
    誤  wù OC: ŋʷaas MC: ŋuo̝ 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativecheat, delude, mislead
    • vtoNcausativecause somebody to be mistaken> cheat; delude; mislead
    幻  huàn OC: ɢʷreens MC: ɦɣɛn 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabBUDDH: ?? illusion
    • vadNBUDDH: ?? illusionary, magic
    • vadVBUDDH: ?? through illusion, by illusion
    譎  jué OC: kʷliid MC: ket 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNdeceitful
    • vibe deceitfulCH
    • viactcommit political fraud
    • vtoNcheat with; deceive; cheat
    誘  yòu OC: luʔ MC: jɨu 6 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Object: 君/RULER Jūn 君 (ant. chén 臣 "minister") refers specifically to someone who is politically or administratively in charge of others as a ruler.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNdeceive, cheat; delude
    詭  guǐ OC: krolʔ MC: kiɛ 5 Attributions

    Guǐ 詭 and jué 譎 (all ant. zhèng 正 "straight and not deceitful") are dishonesty with an intent to deceive and harm others.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactcheating
    • vadNdeceitful, cheating
    • vadVMENG, HANSHU: (e.g. speak, or treat someone) dishonestly
    • viactbe dishonest, swindle
    • vtoNcheat aboutCH
    狙詐  jū zhà OC: skha tsraaɡs MC: tshi̯ɤ ʈʂɣɛ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactscheming fraud
    • VP[adN]N=humcheaters, frauds
    • VPiactcommit scheming fraud
    眩  xuán OC: ɡʷeen MC: ɦen 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNdeceive, delude; confuse
    • vtoNpassivebe blinded (and deceived) by
    蒙  méng OC: mooŋ MC: muŋ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNkeep in the dark
    妄  wàng OC: maŋs MC: mi̯ɐŋ 4 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • vadVfraudulently
    • vibe a fraud
    欺誑  qī kuáng OC: khɯ ɡʷaŋ MC: khɨ gi̯ɐŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNcheat and mislead
    • VPtoNreflexive.自mislead oneself, deceive oneself
    賣  mài OC: mrees MC: mɣɛ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbetray
    • vtoNpassivebe cheated, get cheated
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2betray N1 to N2
    偽詐  wěi zhà OC: ŋgʷals tsraaɡs MC: ŋiɛ ʈʂɣɛ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPab.adNdeceitfulCH
    • NPabactpretense and cheating
    欺惑  qī huò OC: khɯ ɡʷɯɯɡ MC: khɨ ɦək 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativecheat so as to make confused
    曲  qū OC: khoɡ MC: khi̯ok 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabactdevious course of action, warped way of behaving
    • vtoNfigurativebe devious in relation to
    巧詐  qiǎo zhà OC: khruuʔ tsraaɡs MC: khɣɛu ʈʂɣɛ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactclever deceitfulness; clever cheating
    • VPibe given to clever fraud; cheat cleverly
    訑  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactrare: be deceitful [graphic variant of dàn 誕)
    • vtoNcheat
    誕  dàn OC: laanʔ MC: dɑn 2 Attributions

    Dàn 誕 is to deceive through boastful exaggeration. See EXAGGERATE

      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]the fraudsCH
    矯誣  jiǎo wū MC: kjewX mju OC: krewʔ ma 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactfraudulence, fraud; dishonestyCH
    • VPtoNcheatCH
    詐故  zhà gù MC: tsraeH kuH OC: tsraaɡs kaas 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactcheatingLZ
    • VP[adN]N=humfradulent peopleLZ
    諂誑  chǎn kuáng OC: khrlomʔ kʷaŋs MC: ʈhiɛm ki̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNcharacterised by deceit (and flattery?)
    慢  màn OC: mroons MC: mɣan 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNrudely hoodwink, rudely deceive
    姦詐  jiān zhà OC: kraan tsraaɡs MC: kɣan ʈʂɣɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabdeceitCH
    • vt[oN]be wickedly deceitful
    罔  wǎng OC: maŋʔ MC: mi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 欺 / 諆/CHEAT The standard common word for cheating is qī 欺 (ant. chéng 誠) and it refers to any deliberate act of deception, self-interested or not, even occasionally self-deception.
    • Contrast: 殆/DANGER Dài 殆 is primarily perceived danger.

      Syntactic words
    • vichangebe mislead, lose one's way
    • vtoNfigurativeensnare and mislead
    欺詐  qī zhà OC: khɯ tsraaɡs MC: khɨ ʈʂɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactcheating, deception
    • VPiactbe deceitful and treacherous in all sorts of ways
    虞  yú OC: ŋʷa MC: ŋi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcheat, deceive
    詿  guà OC: kʷrees MC: kɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNdeceive
    豫  yù MC: yoH OC: las 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcheat regarding NLZ
    賺  zhuàn OC: ɡrleems MC: ɖɣɛm 1 Attribution
    • 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods ( JIANG/CAO 1997) p. 455

      Also occurring in Tang poetry and BIANWEN.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcolloquialTang vernacular: to deceive, mislead read zuàn
    偽佞  wěi nìng OC: ŋgʷals neeŋs MC: ŋiɛ neŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychhypocrisy
    駔  zǎng MC: tsangX OC: skaaŋʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nswindler, fraudulent merchant; horse-dealerCH
    虛欺  xū qī OC: qhla khɯ MC: hi̯ɤ khɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt[oN]cheat others> be dishonest
    埶詐  yì zhà MC: ngjiejH tsraeH OC: -- tsraaɡs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPi= shi4zha4 勢詐: be deceitfulLZ
    誣欺  wū qī MC: mju khi OC: ma khɯ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt[oN]mislead peopleLZ
    詿誤  guà wù OC: kʷrees ŋʷaas MC: kɣɛ ŋuo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNpsychcheat (oneself)
    欺心  qī xīn MC: khi sim OC: khɯ slɯm 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPicheat oneself； HDC: 自己欺騙自己DS
    弄  nòng OC: ɡ-rooŋs MC: luŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmock and cheat
    矞宇  yù yǔ MC: ywit hjuX OC: ɢʷlid ɢʷraʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe deceitful, cheating all the timeLZ
    惑  huò 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpassivebe beguiledLZ
    迷罔  mí wǎng MC: mej mjangX  OC: mii maŋʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]pluralpeople who mislead othersCH
    疑  yí MC: ngi OC: ŋɡɯ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNtransitiveto trick someone, to cheat someone, to deceive someoneCS
    誆  kuāng OC: khʷaŋ MC: khi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpost-Han, Hongloumeng: hoax, deceive
    諆  qī OC: khɯ MC: khɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactSHUOWEN: cheat; this is a variant graph for 欺 which is well attested in bronze literature. 欺也。從言其聲。
    讕  lán OC: ɡ-raan MC: lɑn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcheat
    迋  guàng OC: kʷaŋʔ MC: ki̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNdeceive
    騙  piàn OC: phens MC: phiɛn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpost-Han, late baihua, Pipaji: cheat
    詐紿  zhà dài OC: tsraaɡs lɯɯʔ MC: ʈʂɣɛ dəi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactengage in fraudulent behaviour
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]pluralpeople who mislead othersCH
    昧  mèi OC: mɯɯds MC: muo̝i 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcheat by keeping in the dark
    瞞  mán OC: mboon MC: mʷɑn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativecause to be blind > cheat, dupe (also:) cause not to become aware of things; keep ignorant
    紿  dài OC: lɯɯʔ MC: dəi
    詒  dài OC: lɯɯʔ MC: dəi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactGU be craftily untruthful, not speak the truth SW: 相欺詒也
    • vtoNHANSHU, Dongfang Shuo 3 cheat
    繆  miù OC: mɢrus MC: mi̯u 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNdeceitlful; GUAN: subtle
    • videceitful; SJ: devious, subtle
    • vt+V[0]pretend to VERB
    • vtoNSJ: cheat, pretend