CHEAT  欺騙

CRIME of CAUSING OTHERS TO BELIEVE to be TRUE what one KNOWS is NOT TRUE AND TYPICALLY to CAUSE THEM THEREFORE TO SUFFER DAMAGE.CRIME of TRYING TO DAMAGE OTHERS BY CAUSING THEM TO BELIEVE to be TRUE what one KNOWS is NOT TRUE.
SWINDLEDEFRAUDDECEIVETRICKSCAMDUPEHOODWINKDOUBLE-CROSSGULLRIP OFFCONFLEECESHAFTHOSESTINGBILKDIDDLEROOKGYPFINAGLEBAMBOOZLEFLIMFLAMPUT ONE OVER ONPULL A FAST ONE ONSUCKERSTIFFHORNSWOGGLE
Hypernym
  • CRIMEWICKED ACT OFFENDING INTENSELY against an IMPORTANT LAW.
    • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
      • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION.
        • CHANGEEVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2....
See also
  • EXAGGERATESPEAK so as to SEEM to CAUSE OTHERS TO BELIEVE that THINGS are GREATER in SIZE, DEGREE of FEATURES, OR IMPORTANCE than they REALLY are.
    • CRIMEWICKED ACT OFFENDING INTENSELY against an IMPORTANT LAW.
      Hyponym
      • PRETEND　CHEAT so as to CAUSE OTHERS to BELIEVE one COPULA:is RESEMBLING:as one SEEMS WHEN one is NOT.
        • AS IF　PRETENDing that what is NOT REAL IS REAL.
      • SELF-DECEPTION　CHEAT ONESELF.
        Old Chinese Criteria
        1. The standard common word for cheating is qī 欺 (ant. chéng 誠 ) and it refers to any deliberate act of deception, self-interested or not, even occasionally self-deception.

        2. Zhà 詐 (ant. què 愨 "honest") is a fraudulent act of cheating designed to harm the interests of others.

        3. Wěi 偽 (ant. zhēn 真 "true, unfaked") is dissumulation and pretense, not necessarily with an intent to harm others.

        4. Guǐ 詭 and jué 譎 (all ant. zhèng 正 "straight and not deceitful") are dishonesty with an intent to deceive and harm others.

        5. Wū 誣 is to deliberately mislead someone through lying.

        6. Dàn 誕 is to deceive through boastful exaggeration. See EXAGGERATE

        7. Mán 謾 refers primarily to the speaking without being serious about what one says.

        NB: There is an extraordinary wealth of rare vocabulary of possibly colloquial origin within this field.

        Modern Chinese Criteria
        欺騙 is the current modern word for cheating.

        蒙騙 focusses on keeping the other person in the dark about a range of facts.

        瞞騙 typically focusses on keeping the other person in the dark about specific details.

        誆騙 "dupe" focusses on practical deceit.

        詐騙 focusses on artful deceit.

        哄騙 focusses on comprehensive deceit.

        局騙 refers to swindling or fraud.

        騙局 refers nominally to fraud.

        誘騙 focusses on misleading someone by pandering to his or her desires.

        瞞哄 "pull the wool over someone's eyes" refers to systematic deceit.

        欺詐 (lit) refers reprehensively to deceitful behaviour.

        欺哄 "fool someone" refers to misleading someone in a comprehensive way.

        爾虞我詐 (prov) refers generally to deceitful behaviour.

        招搖撞騙 (prov) refers specifically to fraud through pretending that one is an important personality.

        掩人耳目 (prov) refers figuratively or periphrastically to deceitful behaviour.

        仗勢欺人

        哄

        誆

        欺

        騙

        蒙

        虞

        詐

        謾

        譎

        rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

        • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 16.68

        • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 114

        • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 189

        • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

          DOLUS "guile, deception"

          FALLACIA

        • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

          FRAUS

        • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 128

        • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. II.89

        • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p.

        • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 1.861

          BETRUGSTHEORIE (HISTORY OF RELIGION)

        • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 299

        • The Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( BORCHERT 2005) p.

          SELF-DECEPTION

        • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.276.232

          SURPRENDRE.TROMPER.LEURRER.DUPER

        • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 366

        • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. no.80

        • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 145A

        Words

        詐  zhà OC: tsraaɡs MC: ʈʂɣɛ 55 AttributionsWD

        Zhà 詐 (ant. què 愨 "honest") is a fraudulent act of cheating designed to harm the interests of others.

          Word relations
        • Contrast: 欺 / 諆/CHEAT The standard common word for cheating is qī 欺 (ant. chéng 誠) and it refers to any deliberate act of deception, self-interested or not, even occasionally self-deception.
        • Assoc: 欺 / 諆/CHEAT The standard common word for cheating is qī 欺 (ant. chéng 誠) and it refers to any deliberate act of deception, self-interested or not, even occasionally self-deception.
        • Assoc: 偽 / 為/PRETEND Wěi 偽 (ant. zhēn 真 "genuine") refers to the deliberate production of something artificial, and by extension the word comes to mean "pretend".

          Syntactic words
        • nabactdeceitfulness; fraudulence, deceit; acts of deceit
        • v[adN]one who engages in fraud
        • vadNfraudulent, pretended, faked
        • vadVfraudulently; deceitfully, with an intent to deceive [by deceit][CA]
        • viactbe deceitful, be fraudulent; break promises
        • vt[oN]be engaged in cheatingDS
        • vtoNcheat; 詐於 be deceitful towards deceit
        欺  qī OC: khɯ MC: khɨ
        諆  qī OC: khɯ MC: khɨ 54 AttributionsWD

        The standard common word for cheating is qī 欺 (ant. chéng 誠) and it refers to any deliberate act of deception, self-interested or not, even occasionally self-deception.

          Word relations
        • Ant: 信/FAITHFUL The current general word for trustiness or good faith is xìn 信.
        • Object: 主/RULER The current general word for a person in charge of others are zhǔ 主 (ant. pú 僕 "servant").
        • Contrast: 罔/CHEAT
        • Contrast: 詐/CHEAT Zhà 詐 (ant. què 愨 "honest") is a fraudulent act of cheating designed to harm the interests of others.
        • Assoc: 詐/CHEAT Zhà 詐 (ant. què 愨 "honest") is a fraudulent act of cheating designed to harm the interests of others.

          Syntactic words
        • nabactbeing cheated
        • vadNdeceitful, given to cheating
        • viactengage in cheating; be fraudulent
        • vt[oN]stativecheat others> be deceitfuld, be fraudulent
        • vtoNcheat through word or action; treat dishonestly, deceive; perpetrate fraud against 欺於
        • vtoNpassiveget cheated
        • vtoNpsychdeceive (oneself)
        誣  wū OC: ma MC: mi̯o 22 AttributionsWD

        Wū 誣 is to deliberately mislead someone through lying.

          Word relations
        • Assoc: 矜/BOAST The standard word is chuī 吹 (opp. xī 吸 "breathe in") and this word can have human, animal as well natural subjects, and the word can also refer to the playing of wind instruments. [GENERAL]
        • Oppos: 愚/STUPID The dominant word is yú 愚 (ant. zhì 智 "clever; wise"), and the word refers to intellectual obtuseness as well as practical ineptitude.

          Syntactic words
        • nabactcheating, error, mistake, aberration; lie
        • vadNdeceitful, dishonest
        • viactbe dishonest, tell a lie; commit an aberration
        • vt[oN]deceive othersCH
        • vtoNdistort, lie about; mislead (mostly superiors)
        • vtoNpassivebe cheated
        • vtoNpsychdeceive (oneself)
        偽  wěi OC: ŋgʷals MC: ŋiɛ 11 AttributionsWD

        Wěi 偽 (ant. zhēn 真 "true, unfaked") is dissumulation and pretense, not necessarily with an intent to harm others.

          Word relations
        • Assoc: 矜/BOAST The standard word is chuī 吹 (opp. xī 吸 "breathe in") and this word can have human, animal as well natural subjects, and the word can also refer to the playing of wind instruments. [GENERAL]
        • Assoc: 邪/WICKED Xié 邪 (ant. zhèng 正 "straight and in no way wicked") typically involves nuances of sinister evil influences in addition to plain human depravity.

          Syntactic words
        • nabact(artfully deceitful action>) artifice; deceit, deceitfulness
        • v[adN]nonreferentialone who artfully deceives> the deceitful and pretending persons
        謾  mán OC: moon MC: mʷɑn 10 AttributionsWD

        Mán 謾 refers primarily to the speaking without being serious about what one says.

          Syntactic words
        • vadNdeceptive, deceitful
        • vadVdeceitfully; idly
        • viactdisguise the facts; be deceptive; be less than open
        • vt+prep+Nhoodwink
        • vtoNcheat, deceive
        • vtoNpassivebe deceived
        詐偽  zhà wěi OC: tsraaɡs ŋgʷals MC: ʈʂɣɛ ŋiɛ 10 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabactfraudulence of any kind
        • VPiengage in fraudulenceCH
        幻  huàn OC: ɢʷreens MC: ɦɣɛn 8 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • nabBUDDH: ?? illusion
        • vadNBUDDH: ?? illusionary, magic
        • vadVBUDDH: ?? through illusion, by illusion
        誤  wù OC: ŋʷaas MC: ŋuo̝ 8 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNcausativecheat, delude, mislead
        • vtoNcausativecause somebody to be mistaken> cheat; delude; mislead
        誑  kuáng OC: kʷaŋs MC: ki̯ɐŋ 8 AttributionsWD

          Syntactic words
        • nabdeceitCH
        • vibe fraudulentCH
        • viactbe deceitful, be fraudulent, be a cheater
        • vtoNdeceive
        • vttoN.+VtoSconativetry to cheat N by saying SDS
        誘  yòu OC: luʔ MC: jɨu 6 AttributionsWD

          Word relations
        • Object: 君/RULER Jūn 君 (ant. chén 臣 "minister") refers specifically to someone who is politically or administratively in charge of others as a ruler.

          Syntactic words
        • vtoNdeceive, cheat; delude
        譎  jué OC: kʷliid MC: ket 6 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vadNdeceitful
        • vibe deceitfulCH
        • viactcommit political fraud
        • vtoNcheat with; deceive; cheat
        眩  xuán OC: ɡʷeen MC: ɦen 5 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNdeceive, delude; confuse
        • vtoNpassivebe blinded (and deceived) by
        詭  guǐ OC: krolʔ MC: kiɛ 5 AttributionsWD

        Guǐ 詭 and jué 譎 (all ant. zhèng 正 "straight and not deceitful") are dishonesty with an intent to deceive and harm others.

          Syntactic words
        • nabactcheating
        • vadNdeceitful, cheating
        • vadVMENG, HANSHU: (e.g. speak, or treat someone) dishonestly
        • viactbe dishonest, swindle
        • vtoNcheat aboutCH
        狙詐  jū zhà OC: skha tsraaɡs MC: tshi̯ɤ ʈʂɣɛ 5 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabactscheming fraud
        • VP[adN]N=humcheaters, frauds
        • VPiactcommit scheming fraud
        妄  wàng OC: maŋs MC: mi̯ɐŋ 4 AttributionsWD

          Syntactic words
        • vadVfraudulently
        • vibe a fraud
        蒙  méng OC: mooŋ MC: muŋ 4 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNkeep in the dark
        曲  qū OC: khoɡ MC: khi̯ok 3 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • nabactdevious course of action, warped way of behaving
        • vtoNfigurativebe devious in relation to
        賣  mài OC: mrees MC: mɣɛ 3 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNbetray
        • vtoNpassivebe cheated, get cheated
        • vttoN1.+prep+N2betray N1 to N2
        偽詐  wěi zhà OC: ŋgʷals tsraaɡs MC: ŋiɛ ʈʂɣɛ 3 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPab.adNdeceitfulCH
        • NPabactpretense and cheating
        巧詐  qiǎo zhà OC: khruuʔ tsraaɡs MC: khɣɛu ʈʂɣɛ 3 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabactclever deceitfulness; clever cheating
        • VPibe given to clever fraud; cheat cleverly
        欺惑  qī huò OC: khɯ ɡʷɯɯɡ MC: khɨ ɦək 3 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPtoNresultativecheat so as to make confused
        欺誑  qī kuáng OC: khɯ ɡʷaŋ MC: khɨ gi̯ɐŋ 3 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPtoNcheat and mislead
        • VPtoNreflexive.自mislead oneself, deceive oneself
        慢  màn OC: mroons MC: mɣan 2 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNrudely hoodwink, rudely deceive
        罔  wǎng OC: maŋʔ MC: mi̯ɐŋ 2 AttributionsWD

          Word relations
        • Contrast: 欺 / 諆/CHEAT The standard common word for cheating is qī 欺 (ant. chéng 誠) and it refers to any deliberate act of deception, self-interested or not, even occasionally self-deception.
        • Contrast: 殆/DANGER Dài 殆 is primarily perceived danger.

          Syntactic words
        • vichangebe mislead, lose one's way
        • vtoNfigurativeensnare and mislead
        訑  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 2 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • viactrare: be deceitful [graphic variant of dàn 誕)
        • vtoNcheat
        誕  dàn OC: laanʔ MC: dɑn 2 AttributionsWD

        Dàn 誕 is to deceive through boastful exaggeration. See EXAGGERATE

          Syntactic words
        • v[adN]the fraudsCH
        姦詐  jiān zhà OC: kraan tsraaɡs MC: kɣan ʈʂɣɛ 2 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabdeceitCH
        • vt[oN]be wickedly deceitful
        諂誑  chǎn kuáng OC: khrlomʔ kʷaŋs MC: ʈhiɛm ki̯ɐŋ 2 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPadNcharacterised by deceit (and flattery?)
        矯誣  jiǎo wū MC: kjewX mju OC: krewʔ maCH 2 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabactfraudulence, fraud; dishonestyCH
        • VPtoNcheatCH
        虞  yú OC: ŋʷa MC: ŋi̯o 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNcheat, deceive
        詿  guà OC: kʷrees MC: kɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNdeceive
        賺  zhuàn OC: ɡrleems MC: ɖɣɛm 1 AttributionWD
        • 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods ( JIANG/CAO 1997) p. 455

          Also occurring in Tang poetry and BIANWEN.

          Syntactic words
        • vtoNcolloquialTang vernacular: to deceive, mislead read zuàn
        偽佞  wěi nìng OC: ŋgʷals neeŋs MC: ŋiɛ neŋ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabpsychhypocrisy
        欺詐  qī zhà OC: khɯ tsraaɡs MC: khɨ ʈʂɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabactcheating, deception
        • VPiactbe deceitful and treacherous in all sorts of ways
        虛欺  xū qī OC: qhla khɯ MC: hi̯ɤ khɨ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPt[oN]cheat others> be dishonest
        詿誤  guà wù OC: kʷrees ŋʷaas MC: kɣɛ ŋuo̝ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPtoNpsychcheat (oneself)
        弄  nòng OC: ɡ-rooŋs MC: luŋ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNmock and cheat
        迷罔  mí wǎng MC: mej mjangX  OC: mii maŋʔ CH 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VP[adN]pluralpeople who mislead othersCH
        埶詐  yì zhà MC: ngjiejH tsraeH OC: -- tsraaɡsLZ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPi= shi4zha4 勢詐: be deceitfulLZ
        惑  huò 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNpassivebe beguiledLZ
        誣欺  wū qī MC: mju khi OC: ma khɯLZ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPt[oN]mislead peopleLZ
        矞宇  yù yǔ MC: ywit hjuX OC: ɢʷlid ɢʷraʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPibe deceitful, cheating all the timeLZ
        豫  yù MC: yoH OC: lasLZ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNcheat regarding NLZ
        詐故  zhà gù MC: tsraeH kuH OC: tsraaɡs kaasLZ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VP[adN]N=humfradulent peopleLZ
        駔  zǎng MC: tsangX OC: skaaŋʔCH 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • nswindler, fraudulent merchant; horse-dealerCH
        欺心  qī xīn MC: khi sim OC: khɯ slɯmDS 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPicheat oneself； HDC: 自己欺騙自己DS
        疑  yí MC: ngi OC: ŋɡɯCS 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNtransitiveto trick someone, to cheat someone, to deceive someoneCS
        昧  mèi OC: mɯɯds MC: muo̝i 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNcheat by keeping in the dark
        瞞  mán OC: mboon MC: mʷɑn 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNcausativecause to be blind > cheat, dupe (also:) cause not to become aware of things; keep ignorant
        紿  dài OC: lɯɯʔ MC: dəi
        詒  dài OC: lɯɯʔ MC: dəi 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • viactGU be craftily untruthful, not speak the truth SW: 相欺詒也
        • vtoNHANSHU, Dongfang Shuo 3 cheat
        繆  miù OC: mɢrus MC: mi̯u 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vadNdeceitlful; GUAN: subtle
        • videceitful; SJ: devious, subtle
        • vt+V[0]pretend to VERB
        • vtoNSJ: cheat, pretend
        誆  kuāng OC: khʷaŋ MC: khi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNpost-Han, Hongloumeng: hoax, deceive
        諆  qī OC: khɯ MC: khɨ 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • viactSHUOWEN: cheat; this is a variant graph for 欺 which is well attested in bronze literature. 欺也。從言其聲。
        讕  lán OC: ɡ-raan MC: lɑn 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNcheat
        迋  guàng OC: kʷaŋʔ MC: ki̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNdeceive
        騙  piàn OC: phens MC: phiɛn 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNpost-Han, late baihua, Pipaji: cheat
        詐紿  zhà dài OC: tsraaɡs lɯɯʔ MC: ʈʂɣɛ dəi 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPiactengage in fraudulent behaviour
          Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VP[adN]pluralpeople who mislead othersCH

        Existing SW for

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