PRETEND  假裝佯

CHEAT so as to CAUSE OTHERS to BELIEVE one COPULA:is RESEMBLING:as one SEEMS WHEN one is NOT.
MAKE AS IFPROFESSAFFECTDISSIMULATEDISSEMBLEPUT IT ONPUT ON A FALSE FRONTGO THROUGH THE MOTIONSSHAMFAKE ITPUT ON AN ACT ASMAKE BELIEVE ONE ISPLAY AT BEINGACT (THE PART OF)PLAY-ACT (THE PART OF)IMPERSONATE
Hypernym
  • CHEATCRIME of CAUSING OTHERS TO BELIEVE to be TRUE what one KNOWS is NOT TRUE AND TYPICALLY to CAUSE THEM THEREFORE TO SUFFER DAMAGE.
    • CRIMEWICKED ACT OFFENDING INTENSELY against an IMPORTANT LAW.
      • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
        • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION....
Hyponym
  • AS IF　PRETENDing that what is NOT REAL IS REAL.
    Old Chinese Criteria
    1. The current general word for pretending to be what one is not is yáng 佯 (ant.* zhēn xiàng 真相 "real shape").

    2. Wěi 偽 (ant. zhēn 真 "genuine") refers to the deliberate production of something artificial, and by extension the word comes to mean "pretend".

    3. Shì 飾 (ant. pǔ 樸 "basic and genuine, unadorned") refers to ostentatious pretence.

    4. Wū 誣 (ant. xìn 信 "trusty") emphaises the fraudulent aspect of pretense.

    5. Wēi fú 微服 and wēi xíng 微行 refer specifically to a notorious person going out and pretending to be an ordinary citizen of some kind or another.

    6. Jiǎ 假 (ant. zhēn 真 "genuine") is rare in pre-Buddhist times and refers to pretending to do something.

    Modern Chinese Criteria
    假裝 is the current modern word for pretending.

    偽裝 focusses on the artificiality of the pretence.

    裝作 focusses on the creativeness of act of pretending.

    作偽 focusses on the act of dissimulating pretence itself rather than its result.

    裝假 "feign, make pretences" is often intransitive.

    假充 "pose as" is always transitive.

    佯裝 (lit) focusses on the dissimulation involved in pretending.

    弄虛作假 (prov) refers generally to acts of pretense.

    裝

    作

    佯

    做作

    扭捏

    裝蒜

    裝腔

    妝��

    裝相

    裝樣子

    裝腔作勢

    裝模作樣

    惺惺作態

    東施效顰

    故作姿態

    拿腔作勢

    拿腔拿調

    矯揉造作

    無病呻吟

    像煞有介事

    一本正經

    rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

    • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 873

    • “荀子”單音節形容詞同義關係研究 ( HUANG XIAODONG 2003) p. 175

    • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

      DISSIMULATIO

      HYPOCRISIS

      SIMULATIO

    • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 32

    • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 11.938

      VERSTELLUNG

    • Theophrast, Charaktere ( THEOPHRASTUS 1960) p. no. 1

      EIRON

    • Ästhetische Grundbegriffe ( BARCK 2010) p. 5.509

    Attributions by syntactic funtion

    • vt+V[0] : 29
    • vtoN : 10
    • nab : 7
    • vadV : 5
    • vt+prep+N : 5
    • vttoN1.postvtoN2 : 3
    • vi : 3
    • VPtoN : 2
    • vtoNPab{S} : 2
    • VPt[oN] : 2
    • VPi : 1
    • vtoV(0) : 1
    • NP{v1&v2(.adN)} : 1
    • NPadN : 1
    • vadN : 1
    • NPab : 1

    Attributions by text

    • 韓非子 : 31
    • 說苑 : 6
    • 春秋左傳 : 5
    • 史記 : 4
    • 論語 : 4
    • 論衡 : 4
    • 墨子 : 2
    • 荀子 : 2
    • 淮南子 : 2
    • 阮籍集四卷 : 2
    • 長短經 : 2
    • 莊子 : 2
    • 妙法蓮華經 : 2
    • 尹文子 : 1
    • 劉義慶世說新語 : 1
    • 百喻經 : 1
    • 孟子 : 1
    • 祖堂集 : 1
    • 楚辭 : 1

    Words

    偽  wěi OC: ŋgʷals MC: ŋiɛ
    為  wéi OC: ɢʷal MC: ɦiɛ 20 AttributionsWD

    Wěi 偽 (ant. zhēn 真 "genuine") refers to the deliberate production of something artificial, and by extension the word comes to mean "pretend".

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 詐/CHEAT Zhà 詐 (ant. què 愨 "honest") is a fraudulent act of cheating designed to harm the interests of others.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactdissimulation, artifice, pretense
    • vadNdishonest, dissimulating
    • vadVthrough dissimulation; under false pretenses
    • viactdissimulate
    • vt+V[0]fake; pretend to
    • vttoN1.postvtoN2treat N1 as if he was N2CH
    • vttoN1.postvtoN2以主為父 "treat the ruler as (if he were) one's father "treat N2 as if he was N1CH
    佯  yáng OC: k-laŋ MC: ji̯ɐŋ
    陽  yáng OC: k-laŋ MC: ji̯ɐŋ 14 AttributionsWD

    The current general word for pretending to be what one is not is yáng 佯 (ant.* zhēn xiàng 真相 "real shape").

      Syntactic words
    • vadVmaking a false pretense, using false pretenses
    • viactmake pretenses
    • vt+V[0]pretend to
    矯  jiǎo OC: krewʔ MC: kiɛu 9 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vadVthrough pretense, by pretending, on false pretenses
    • vt+prep+Npretend to (fame)
    • vt+V[0]pretend to V
    • vtoNmake pretenses for (the outsiders)
    • vtoNbe pretentious aboutCH
    飾  shì OC: qhljɯɡ MC: ɕɨk 9 AttributionsWD

    Shì 飾 (ant. pǔ 樸 "basic and genuine, unadorned") refers to ostentatious pretence.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactpretense
    • viactbe pretentious, put on a pretentious show
    • vt+prep+Nmake a pretentious show of; affect 飾於
    • vtoNput on an attractive show of
    • vtoNPab{S}make an artificial pretence that S
    作  zuò OC: tsaaɡs MC: tsuo̝
    作  zuò OC: tsaals MC: tsɑ
    作  zuò OC: tsaaɡ MC: tsɑk 3 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpretend to (abilities); pretend to be (the Buddha)
    假  jiǎ OC: kraaʔ MC: kɣɛ 3 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vadVwith false pretense, under false pretenses
    • vt+prep+Npretend that; pretend to 假於
    • vtoN以Ａ假Ｂ: use A instead of B pretending that A is B
    • vtoV(0)pretend to VCH
    詳  xiáng OC: sɢlaŋ MC: zi̯ɐŋ 3 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]read yáng: to pretend to V see 佯
    借  jiè OC: skjaags MC: tsɣɛ 2 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • nabtextpretext
    • vtoNmake pretentions at, pretend to have
    誣  wū OC: ma MC: mi̯o 2 AttributionsWD

    Wū 誣 (ant. xìn 信 "trusty") emphaises the fraudulent aspect of pretense.

      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]pretend to by making untruthful statements (be able to, having an ability etc)
    微服  wēi fú OC: mɯl bɯɡ MC: mɨi buk 2 AttributionsWD

    Wēi fú 微服 and wēi xíng 微行 refer specifically to a notorious person going out and pretending to be an ordinary citizen of some kind or another.

      Syntactic words
    • VPt[oN](of Confucius (MENG) and later standardly emperors or kings:) go out incognito
    鄉原  xiāng yuán OC: qhaŋ ŋɡon MC: hi̯ɐŋ ŋi̯ɐn 2 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPadNhypocritical
    • NP{v1&v2(.adN)}hypocrites 鄉愿
    示  shì OC: ɢljils MC: ʑi 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]pretend that
    偽匿  wěi nì OC: ŋgʷals nɯɡ MC: ŋiɛ ɳɨk 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsych/actfraudulent pretense; hypocrisy, dissimulation
    矯舉  jiǎo jǔ OC: krewʔ klaʔ MC: kiɛu ki̯ɤ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactmake pretentious speeches
    詐現  zhà xiàn OC: tsraaɡs ɡeens MC: ʈʂɣɛ ɦen 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNpretend to a quality
    詳為  yáng wěi MC: yang -- OC: k-laŋ --DS 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNread yángwěi: pretend somethingDS
    裝  zhuāng OC: skraŋ MC: ʈʂi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpost-Han: pretend, put on a show of
    託  tuō OC: ph-laaɡ MC: thɑk 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpretend to
    逞  chěng OC: theŋʔ MC: ʈhiɛŋ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]pretend that one V-s
    借以  jiè yǐ OC: skjaags k-lɯʔ MC: tsɣɛ jɨ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNpretend to
    微行  wēi xíng OC: mɯl ɢraaŋ MC: mɨi ɦɣaŋ 0 AttributionsWD

    Wēi fú 微服 and wēi xíng 微行 refer specifically to a notorious person going out and pretending to be an ordinary citizen of some kind or another.

      Syntactic words
    微  wēi OC: mɯl MC: mɨi 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]pretend to V; dissimulate

    Existing SW for

    Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database:

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