VIOLENT    暴戾猛

EXCESSIVE in the USE of STRONG:strength.
BRUTALVICIOUSSAVAGEROUGHAGGRESSIVEABUSIVEPHYSICALLY ABUSIVETHREATENINGFIERCEPHYSICALWILDFEROCIOUSBARBAROUSBARBARICTHUGGISHPUGNACIOUSCUTTHROATSMASH-MOUTHHOMICIDALMURDEROUSCRUEL
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for violence in action and in disposition is měng 猛 (ant. nuò 懦 "weakish, pusillanimous") which refers quite generally to a disposition for incisive action and violent reaction without strong positive or negative overtones. 2. Bào 暴 (ant. rén 仁 "humane") refers to negatively valued violence of disposition and action. 3. Xiōng 凶 (ant. wēn 溫 "mild and bland") refers to violence as a psychological disposition and does not normally describe concrete pieces of behaviour. 4. Hèng 橫 (ant. róu 柔 "considerate, non-provocative") emphasises the arbitrariness of violent response or violent disposition.
Modern Chinese Criteria
暴躁 暴烈 火性 粗暴 爆 暴 烈 一戳即跳 強凶霸道 躁 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • CRUELnew-18508f29-f03e-4132-908f-29f03ef13243　VIOLENT AND WICKED so as to DELIGHT in INJURING OR DAMAGING OTHERS. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
  • TERROR　NOT LEGITIMATE PRIVATE VIOLENCE FOR CAUSING POLITICAL CHANGE. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
See also
  • POWERENDURING STRENGTH AND ABILITY to CAUSE OTHERS to ACT:do what one DESIRES them to DO.[[MACHT]]
Hypernym
  • EXCESSIVE　INTENSELY to a MORE than APPROPRIATELY BIG DEGREE. (anc: 6/0, child: 1)
  • INTENSELY　To a HIGH DEGREE. (anc: 5/0, child: 4)
  • DEGREE　FEATURE of MORE or LESS. (anc: 4/0, child: 4)
  • “荀子”單音節形容詞同義關係研究 ( HUANG XIAODONG 2003) p. 108

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 3.562

    GEWALT

  • The Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( BORCHERT 2005) p.

    VIOLENCE

  • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

  • Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology ( BARNARD AND SPENCER 2002) p.

  • Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages ( DE VAAN 2008) p.

    atrox, -ocis 'dreadful, fierce' [adj. £] (Naev.+) (abl.sg. atroci passim)

    Derivatives: atrocitas 'savageness, horror' (Acc.+).

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.165.124

    VIOLENT.EMPORTE

  • () p.

    AGGRESSIONSGEBAERDEN

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 56A

    • Words (19 items)

    暴  bào OC: boowɡs MC: bɑu 54 Attributions

    Bào 暴 (ant. rén 仁 "humane") refers to negatively valued violence of disposition and action.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 明/INTELLIGENT Míng 明 (ant. àn 闇 "obfuscated in one's mind"), taking its analogy from sharpness of vision, typically refers to clarity of insight at all levels.
    • Assoc: 虐/CRUEL Nyè 虐 (ant. fǔ 撫 "take good care of, show proper concern for subordinates or subjects") refers to wanton cruelty in the exercise of political authority.
    • Assoc: 亂/REVOLT Luàn 亂 (ant. zhì 治 "regularly political government") refers to a major political upheaval designed to topple the reigning government.
    • Assoc: 彊/STRONG
    • Oppos: 善/GOOD The general term for positive appraisal of any kind in Chinese is shàn 善 (ant. è 惡 "bad").

      Syntactic words
    • nabactviolence; violent behaviour
    • nabdispositionrecklessness; cruel violence
    • nnonreferentialcrude bully, the violent
    • v[adN]N=humviolent persons
    • vadNreckless, cruel and violent
    • vadVimpetuously, violently (sometimes with suffix 而)CH
    • vibe reckless; be violent and cruel
    • viinchoativebecome ruthless and violent
    • vtoNdeal violently with, show violence towards
    猛  měng OC: mraaŋʔ MC: mɣaŋ 24 Attributions

    The current general word for violence in action and in disposition is měng 猛 (ant. nuò 懦 "weakish, pusillanimous") which refers quite generally to a disposition for incisive action and violent reaction without strong positive or negative overtones.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 寬/LENIENT
    • Ant: 仁/BENEVOLENCE Rén 仁 (ant. cán 殘 "cruel" and perhaps ant.* rěn 忍 "be callous, unfeeling") which refers to kind-heartedness and deep human sensibility as a constitutive feature of man as a moral being, is the standard word since Confucius. [ETHICAL], [HIGH-DEGREE]
    • Epithet: 獸/BEAST Shòu 獸 tends to refer to dangerous mammals above a certain size that are typically imagined as running (zǒu shòu 走獸), and sometimes as liable to bite.
    • Contrast: 威/POWER The dominant general words for power are wēi 威 "formidable authority" and shì 勢 "strategic position of power".
    • Assoc: 悍/COURAGE Hàn 悍 (ant. qiè 怯 "fearfulness") is foolhardiness and recklessness under conditions of danger or risk. Cf. Latin ferocia
    • Assoc: 毅/STRONG Yì 毅 (ant. nuò 懦 "weak") refers to inflexible and unshakeable firmness as well as strength.

      Syntactic words
    • nabfeaturefierceness; violence of attitude
    • vadNof animals: fierce; superbly courageous
    • vadNnegativefierce and violentCH
    • viactbe fierce and dangerous (primarily of animials, then by extension also of generals and men)
    • vifigurativebe ruthless; be intolerantCH
    • vt+prep+Ncomparativebe more fierce than NCH
    暴亂  bào luàn OC: boowɡs ɡ-roons MC: bɑu lʷɑn 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabviolent rebellion/chaosCH
    • VPadNviolent and rebellious/unruly
    • VPibe violent and rebellious/unruly
    凶  xiōng OC: qhoŋ MC: hi̯oŋ
    兇  xiōng OC: qhoŋ MC: hi̯oŋ 5 Attributions

    Xiōng 凶 (ant. wēn 溫 "mild and bland") refers to violence as a psychological disposition and does not normally describe concrete pieces of behaviour.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactviolence; violent reactions
    • vadNcharacterised by violence 凶戲 "violent sports"
    • vichangeturn violent
    • vt+prep+Ngradedbe fierce by nature
    橫  hèng OC: ɡʷraaŋs MC: ɦɣaŋ 4 Attributions

    Hèng 橫 (ant. róu 柔 "considerate, non-provocative") emphasises the arbitrariness of violent response or violent disposition

      Syntactic words
    • vadNwayward, unruly, irregular
    • vadVwaywardly, in a violently irregular way
    • vibe wayward, unruly, irregular
    陽  yáng MC: yang OC: k-laŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabfierceness, fierce dispositionCH
    馮  píng OC: brɯŋ MC: bɨŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNderivedoverwhelmingCH
    • vtoNZUO: maltreat
    鷙  zhì MC: tsyijH OC: tjibs 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 禽/BIRD Qín 禽 refers to a large bird, typically a bird of prey that one might hunt for, and the word is predominantly used as a mass noun. (But note that the word can also be used to refer to wild beasts rather than birds.) [MASS!], [SPECIFIC]

      Syntactic words
    • vadNviolent, fierce, ferocious (of birds)CH
    暴悍  bào hàn MC: bawH hanH OC: boowɡs ɡaans 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]N=humanoppressively violent peopleLZ
    猛戾  měng lì OC: mraaŋʔ rɯɯds MC: mɣaŋ lei 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe ferocious
    不弔  bù diào OC: pɯʔ teewɡs MC: pi̯ut teu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]reckless [behaviour]
    • VPibe callous; be reckless; be mercilessCH
    激厲  jī lì OC: kleeɡ b-rads MC: kek liɛi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe violent and arrogant
    力強  lì qiáng MC: lik gjang OC: ɡ-rɯɡ ɡaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVby brute forceCH
    剛猛  gāng měng MC: kang maengX OC: kaaŋ mraaŋʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabinflexibe violence in demeanourCH
    彊暴  qiáng bào MC: gjang bawH OC: ɡaŋ boowɡs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabviolenceCH
    卒暴  cù bào OC: skhuud boowɡs MC: tshuot bɑu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactbe insensitively violent, rude
    縱暴  zòng bào OC: tsoŋs boowɡs MC: tsi̯oŋ bɑu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe recklessly violent
    暴強  bào qiáng OC: boowɡs ɡaŋ MC: bɑu gi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]the violent ones 六暴強
    武  wǔ OC: mbaʔ MC: mi̯o 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNviolent, aggressive, warlike
    • vibe violent, aggressive, warlike