RESTRAIN  制約約

HINDER from being UNRESTRAINED.
CONTROLKEEP UNDER CONTROLCHECKHOLD/KEEP IN CHECKCURBSUPPRESSREPRESSCONTAINDAMPENSUBDUESMOTHERCHOKE BACKSTIFLEBOTTLE UPREIN BACK/ININFORMAL KEEP THE LID ON
Hypernym
  • HINDERSTOP from ACT:doing what someone or something INTENDS to ACT:do.
    • STOPACT so as NOT to CONTINUE NOW:present ACTION.
      • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
        • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION....
See also
  • CONTROLINTERACT so as to CAUSE TO BE OR ACT RESEMBLE:as one DESIRES.
    Hyponym
    • PUNISH　RESTRAIN OR DAMAGE a CULPRIT BECAUSE of his/her CRIMES.
      • BANISH　PUNISH someone so as to COMMAND HIM/HER to LEAVE the STATE of which he/she is a CITIZEN OR in which he/she LIVES.
      • PENALTY　MONEY to be PAID as PUNISHMENT.
      • PUNITIVE LABOUR　PUNISHMENT in the form of COMMANDED DIFFICULT WORK.
      • BRAND　To PUNISH so as to BURN an IMAGE into the SKIN of someone.
      • RETRIBUTION　DIVINE PUNISHMENT OR REWARD of HUMANS BASED on their EVIL OR GOOD ACTIONS respectively.
    • MODERATION　CULTIVATE ONESELF so as to cause oneself to BE ENDURINGLY RESTRAINED.
      • FRUGAL　MODERATE in USING MONEY AND PROPERTY.
      • ABSTINENCE　INTENSE MODERATION IN-RELATION-TO what one DESIRES OR WHAT OTHERS DESIRE.
      • ASCETICISM　INTENSE MODERATION REGARDING ALL NATURAL HUMAN DESIRES.
    Old Chinese Criteria
    1. The current general word for restraining something or someone is yuē 約 (ant. zòng 縱 "give free rein to").

    2. Jié 節 (ant. sì 肆 "be unrestrained") always refers to abstract restraint and moderation, typically the restraint is directed towards oneself.

    3. Jū 拘 (ant. dàng 蕩 "be completely free") and shù 束 refer to being confined or constrained by external circumstances.

    4. Lè 勒 and kòng 控 (all ant. fàng 放 "set free") refer to a vigorous act of restraining someone or something by force.

    5. Jī 羈 (ant. tuō 脫 "let loose") and yǐn 引 refer specifically to the reining in of horses by the use of a bridle, but the word also has generalised uses where it refers to restraint of other creatures.

    Modern Chinese Criteria
    約束

    壓抑

    抑制

    制止

    阻止

    防止

    限制

    限定

    拘束

    束縛

    監禁

    按捺

    管束

    束縛

    羈絆

    桎梏

    緊箍咒

    rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

    • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

      RESTRAIN

      coercere refers to restraining by force.

      compescere refers to restraining or constraining duly, as by dint of one's moral or political authority.

    • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 251

    Words

    拘  jū OC: ko MC: ki̯o 17 AttributionsWD

      Word relations
    • Ant: 肆/UNRESTRAINED Sì 肆 and dàng 蕩 (ant. jū 拘 "be properly restrained") refer often positively to lack of inhibitions and a freedom of behaviour.
    • Object: 禮/RITUAL The current general term for everything relating to the system of ritual propriety is lǐ 禮. However the term can also be used to refer to individual prescribed rituals.
    • Synon: 束/RESTRAIN Jū 拘 (ant. dàng 蕩 "be completely free") and shù 束 refer to being confined or constrained by external circumstances.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNconfined and limited in perspective
    • vipassivebe confined, be limited in one's perspective
    • vt+prep+Npassivekeep to; be constrained by N 拘於俗
    • vt[oN{REFLEX}]reflexivekeep to; confine oneself to, limit oneself to, restrict oneself to
    • vtoNlimit, confine; fix on
    • vtoNpassivebe limited by, be confined by (with unmarked agent)
    節  jié OC: tsiiɡ MC: tset 17 AttributionsWD

    Jié 節 (ant. sì 肆 "be unrestrained") always refers to abstract restraint and moderation, typically the restraint is directed towards oneself.

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 行/ACT The current general word for any deliberate action one may be held morally and/or administratively responsible for is xíng 行 (ant. zhǐ 止 "decide not to take action"). The nominal entries have the old reading xìng. [COMMENDATORY!], [GENERAL], [HABITUAL], [RESPONSIBLE]
    • Contrast: 適/RESTRAIN
    • Assoc: 禮/RITUAL The current general term for everything relating to the system of ritual propriety is lǐ 禮. However the term can also be used to refer to individual prescribed rituals.

      Syntactic words
    • nabmethodmoderation
    • nabpsychologicalcourageous self-restraintCH
    • vadNrestrained
    • viactbe moderate
    • vt+prep+Ntemper, moderate; be moderate with respect to
    • vt+prep+Npsychmoderate or restrain (oneself)
    • vt[oN{REFLEX}]exercise restraint or moderation; ensure proportionality
    • vtoNtemper, moderate; be moderate with respect to
    • vtoNpsychrestrain (oneself)
    • vtoNpsychmoderate or restrain (oneself)
    圉  yǔ OC: ŋaʔ MC: ŋi̯ɤ 10 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNconstrain, restrain, contain; hold back; defend onself against
    • vtoNpassivebe defended against, be contained, be restrained
    約  yuē OC: qplewɡ MC: ʔi̯ɐk 10 AttributionsWD

    The current general word for restraining something or someone is yuē 約 (ant. zòng 縱 "give free rein to").

      Word relations
    • Ant: 博/BROAD Bó 博 (ant. yuē 約 "confined") is primarily metaphorical in application, and its concrete senses applied to physical objects are derived senses of the word only.
    • Ant: 張/LONG Zhāng 張 (ant. suō 縮"shortened") refers to something that is longer than expected or longer than it was before.
    • Assoc: 束/RESTRAIN Jū 拘 (ant. dàng 蕩 "be completely free") and shù 束 refer to being confined or constrained by external circumstances.
    • Oppos: 張/STRETCH OUT

      Syntactic words
    • nabactreticence, restraint, psychological constraint
    • viactrestrain others
    • vimiddle voicebe restrained, restrain oneself; show rule-governed moderation
    • vt[oN{REFLEX}]be restrained and non-expansive; be inhibited
    • vtoNattitudinalexercise restraint in relation to
    • vtoNcausativerestrain
    • vtoNpsychrestrain (oneself)
    鎮  zhèn OC: tins MC: ʈin 6 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNrestrain and control
    • vtoNpsychsteel and restrain (oneself)
    係  xì OC: keeɡs MC: kei 5 AttributionsWD

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 羈/RESTRAIN Jī 羈 (ant. tuō 脫 "let loose") and yǐn 引 refer specifically to the reining in of horses by the use of a bridle, but the word also has generalised uses where it refers to restraint of other creatures.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpassivebe tied to something and thus restrained; be reined in
    抑  yì OC: qɯɡ MC: ʔɨk 5 AttributionsWD

      Word relations
    • Ant: 揚/SHOW Yáng 揚 (ant. yì 抑 "suppress and keep from general knowledge") is to make something universally visible to the general public.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNrestrain, constrain; chastise
    • vtoNpsychrestrain (oneself)
    束  shù OC: lʰoɡ MC: ɕi̯ok 5 AttributionsWD

    Jū 拘 (ant. dàng 蕩 "be completely free") and shù 束 refer to being confined or constrained by external circumstances.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 約/RESTRAIN The current general word for restraining something or someone is yuē 約 (ant. zòng 縱 "give free rein to").
    • Synon: 拘/RESTRAIN

      Syntactic words
    • viactconstrict others
    • vtoNtie down and constrain, constrict
    • vtoNpassivebe constrained by NCH
    要  yāo OC: qew MC: ʔiɛu 4 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcoerce
    • vtoNfigurativebind to one (by contract)
    • vtoNpsychrestrain (oneself)
    引  yǐn OC: liŋʔ MC: jin 3 AttributionsWD

    Jī 羈 (ant. tuō 脫 "let loose") and yǐn 引 refer specifically to the reining in of horses by the use of a bridle, but the word also has generalised uses where it refers to restraint of other creatures.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactpulling back, restraining, reining in
    • vtoNbackpull back, rein in (horses)
    控  kòng OC: khooŋs MC: khuŋ 3 AttributionsWD

    Lè 勒 and kòng 控 (all ant. fàng 放 "set free") refer to a vigorous act of restraining someone or something by force.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNrestrain (horses); rein in
    • vtoNpassivebe controlled and constrained by force
    檢  jiǎn OC: kromʔ MC: kiɛm 2 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • nabproper restraintCH
    • viactbe restrained in one's needs and demands
    縻  mí OC: mral MC: miɛ 2 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNtie up someone so as to constrain his free movement
    羈  jī OC: kral MC: kiɛ 2 AttributionsWD

    Jī 羈 (ant. tuō 脫 "let loose") and yǐn 引 refer specifically to the reining in of horses by the use of a bridle, but the word also has generalised uses where it refers to restraint of other creatures.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNrein in, bridle, control, restrain
    • vtoNpassivebe restrained, be reined in
    寡欲  guǎ yù MC: kwaeX yowk OC: kʷraaʔ k-loɡCH 2 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactthe causing of one's material desires to be few; minimalisation of material desiresCH
    • VPihave few material desiresCH
    勒  lè OC: ɡ-rɯɯɡ MC: lək 1 AttributionWD

    Lè 勒 and kòng 控 (all ant. fàng 放 "set free") refer to a vigorous act of restraining someone or something by force.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 壅/BLOCK Yōng 壅 (ant. chè 徹 "unblock") refers to blocking things from entering. [SPECIFIC]

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbridle in, rein in, constrain
    攝  shè OC: qhljeb MC: ɕiɛp 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNrestrain
    箝  qián OC: ɡram MC: giɛm 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNto gag; restrain
    適  shì OC: qljeɡ MC: ɕiɛk 1 AttributionWD

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 節/RESTRAIN Jié 節 (ant. sì 肆 "be unrestrained") always refers to abstract restraint and moderation, typically the restraint is directed towards oneself.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNrestrain and moderate appropriately
    節度  jié dù OC: tsiiɡ ɡ-laaɡs MC: tset duo̝ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNrestrain, constrain; moderate according to rules
    羈鎖  jī suǒ OC: kral soolʔ MC: kiɛ sʷɑ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNfigurativebe restrained, bound, tied up
    鉗結  qián jié OC: ɡram kiid MC: giɛm ket 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactrestrain oneself > keep quiet, remain silent (Compare qiánkǒu jiéshé 鉗口結舌 'restrain-mouth-bind-tongue> keep silent; to silence sb.')
    逼  bī MC: pik OC: pɯɡCH 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpassivefigurative: be constrained; be pushed around aesthetically; be stifled, be repressedCH
    刦  jié MC: -- OC: --LZ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN= 劫 suppress vehementlyLZ
    繜絀  zūn chù MC: tswon trwit OC: tsuun krludLZ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPimiddle voicebe restrained, restrain oneself; show rule-governed moderationLZ
    止  zhǐ MC: tsyiX OC: kljɯʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN{REFLEX}]self-restrained, self-moderatingLZ
    僔  zǔn MC: tswonX OC: tsuunʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmiddle(= zun3 撙) restrain oneself (> behave modestly)LZ
    凝止  níng zhǐ MC: nging tsyiX OC: ŋɡɯŋ kljɯʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNkeep N within sensible limitsLZ
    屈  qū MC: khjut OC: khludCH 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNrestrain, contain within limits, minimaliseCH
    挾  xié OC: ɡeeb MC: ɦep 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpassivebe constrained to
    範  fàn OC: bomʔ MC: bi̯ɐm 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • nabfunctionconstraining factor, constraining agent See DZD meaning 6 約束
    絆  bàn OC: paans MC: pʷɑn 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNtie up someone so that he cannot escape
    繫  xì OC: ɡeeɡs MC: ɦei 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNrestrain??? ????
    約整  yuē zhěng OC: qplewɡ tjeŋʔ MC: ʔi̯ɐk tɕiɛŋ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNpsychconstrain and properly adjust (oneself)

    Existing SW for

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