BIG    龐大大

OF INTENSE SIZE OR DEGREE IN-RELATION-TO a STANDARD, OR IN-RELATION-TO the SIZE of a HUMAN.
LARGELARGESIZABLESUBSTANTIALGREATHUGEIMMENSEENORMOUSEXTENSIVECOLOSSALMASSIVEMAMMOTHVASTTREMENDOUSGIGANTICGIANTMONUMENTALMIGHTYGARGANTUANELEPHANTINETITANICMOUNTAINOUSBROBDINGNAGIANTOWERINGTALLHIGHLOFTYOUTSIZEOVERSIZEDGOODLYCAPACIOUSVOLUMINOUSSPACIOUS
Old Chinese Criteria
[[COMMON/RARE]] [ELEVATED/FAMILIAR] [+FIG/LITERAL] [GENERAL/SPECIFIC] [HIGH-DEGREE/LOW-DEGREE] [HORIZONTAL/VERTICAL] 1. The general word is dà 大 (ant. xiǎo 小 "small"). [GENERAL]; [[COMMON]] 2. Jù 巨 "huge" (ant. xì 細 "slight") indicates a higher degree of size. [HIGH-DEGREE+], [LITERAL], [VERTICAL] 3. Kuí 魁 and páng 龐 (ant. wēi 微 "small and slight"), both rare, add to the notion of vertical size that of impressiveness. [+FIG], [HIGH-DEGREE], [VERTICAL]; [[RARE]] 4. Hóng 洪 refers to the size of water masses, and the word is often used in metaphorical senses. [ELEVATED], [+FIG], [HORIZONTAL] 5. Hào 昊 refers to the vastness of the sky, as a poetic elevated epithet (sometimes perhaps confused by scribes with 旻 ). [ARCHAIC], [ELEVATED], [+FIG], [HORIZONTAL] 6. Jù 巨 "huge" (ant. xì 細 "slight") indicates a very high degree of size.
Modern Chinese Criteria
大 巨 宏 巨大 碩大 龐大 宏大 偌大 粗大 高大 碩大無朋 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • AT MOST　REALITY:really AND as the MOST BIG of MANY POSSIBILE SITUATIONS. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
  • BROAD　BIG in the MORE SMALL HORIZONTAL DIRECTION:dimension. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
  • ENDURING　BIG in respect of the PERIOD something EXISTS, HAPPENS, OR is being ACTED:done. (anc: 8/0, child: 5)
  • GREAT　BIG in IMPORTANCE OR REPUTATION. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
  • HIGH　BIG VERTICALLY. (anc: 8/0, child: 1)
  • LONG　BIG in ONE HORIZONTAL DIRECTION. See also ENDURING. (anc: 8/0, child: 1)
  • MANY　BIG in QUANTITY. (anc: 8/0, child: 3)
  • THICK　BIG in the MOST SMALL DIMENSION. (anc: 8/0, child: 2)
  • LOUD　BIG as NOISE. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
  • MUCH　BIG in QUANTITY of a SUBSTANCE. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
  • TALL　HIGH IN-RELATION-TO ORDINARY OTHER HUMANS. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
  • INFINITE　BIG OR MANY so as to LACK a LIMIT. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
  • HUGE　INTENSELY BIG. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
  • AMPLE　ABUNDANT IN SIZE AND CONTENT (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
  • EXPAND　CAUSE TO BECOME MORE BIG. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • SMALLLACK BIGNESS IN-RELATION-TO a STANDARD, OR IN-RELATION-TO the SIZE of a HUMAN.
See also
Hypernym
  • SIZE　QUANTITY of a DIMENSION. (anc: 6/0, child: 2)
  • QUANTITY　DEGREE of being MANY OR FEW that CAN be MEASURED OR COUNTED. (anc: 5/0, child: 3)
  • DEGREE　FEATURE of MORE or LESS. (anc: 4/0, child: 4)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 12.55

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 196

    MAGNUM, GRANDE

    362. Inter Magnum et grandem. Magnum ad animum referimus [ Al., refertur], grandem ad corpus.

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    LARGE

    magnus refers to large size without ancy accessory notion.

    grandis refers to greatness with the accessory notion of intrinsic strength and grandeur.

    amplus refers to great size with the accessory notion of comeliness and an imposing impression.

    ingens refers to excessive greatness merely as extraordinary.

    immanis refers to excessive size as exciting fear.

    vastus refers to excessive size as wanting regularity and fixed form.

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 109

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 337

  • “孟子”同義詞研究 ( MENGZI TONGYI 2002) p. 276

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.338:225

    VASTE.GRAND

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 255

    • Words (51 items)

    大  dà OC: daads MC: dɑi 83 Attributions

    The general word is dà 大 (ant. xiǎo 小 "small").

      Word relations
    • Ant: 細/TENUOUS The most current word for what is literally insubstantial and slight is xì 細.
    • Ant: 微小/SMALL
    • Ant: 小/SMALL The dominant quite general word is xiǎo 小 (ant. dà 大 "big"), and this word refers to both physical size and abstract importance.
    • Epithet: 室/BUILDING Shì 室 is any building, can be smaller than gōng 宮, need not have an outer surrounding wall. It seems that when inside gōng 宮, shǐ 室 was located behind táng 堂. The term can also refer to the family or household. See CLAN
    • Contrast: 洪/BIG Hóng 洪 refers to the size of water masses, and the word is often used in metaphorical senses.
    • Contrast: 長/LONG The dominant general term for length is cháng 長 (ant. duǎn 短 "short").
    • Contrast: 高/HIGH The manifestly dominant general word is gāo 高(ant. bēi 卑 "low" and xià 下 "low") which refers to concrete as well as abstract elevation.
    • Assoc: 巨/BIG Jù 巨 "huge" (ant. xì 細 "slight") indicates a higher degree of size.
    • Assoc: 高/TALL

      Syntactic words
    • nabfeaturebeing big; big size (of a state etc.); large range
    • nccsubjectthe big one; a big power; what is big; specifically: a big state
    • v(adN)one big contextually determinate NCH
    • v[adN]what is bigCH
    • v[adN]N=statebig one of the contextually determinate kind (often a state)
    • vadNlarge, big
    • vadNfigurativebig, strong, intense (e.g. of rain)
    • vadNnon-restrictivelarge
    • vadNnon-restrictivethe known-to-be-big N; the N which, as is well known, is bigCH
    • vadVon a large scale; far and wideCH
    • viactmanage to become big
    • vichangebecome larger, become big
    • vifigurativebe substantial, be significant; be big
    • vigradedbe large, big　甚大
    • vpostadNlarge
    • vt+Nbe of N sizeDS
    • vt+prep+Ngradedbe greater than 大於
    • vtoNcausativemake larger; make large; allow to be large
    • vtoNcausativebe made large or important
    • vtoNgradedbe larger than N
    • vtoNputativeregard as significant/big
    巨  jù OC: ɡaʔ MC: gi̯ɤ 13 Attributions

    Jù 巨 "huge" (ant. xì 細 "slight") indicates a higher degree of size.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 細/SMALL Xì 細 (ant. jù 巨 "enormous") is sometimes used to refer to something being small or of slight importance. See TENUOUS
    • Assoc: 大/BIG The general word is dà 大 (ant. xiǎo 小 "small").

      Syntactic words
    • vadNdialect word: very large, huge, vast
    • vibe huge
    小大  xiǎo dà OC: smewʔ daads MC: siɛu dɑi 10 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPab{nab1ant.nab2}conceptsmall matters or big ones
    • NPab{nab1ant.nab2}featureextension, relative size
    • NPab{nab1ant.nab2}featurerelative importance
    • NPadVin matters small and large, important and unimportant
    洪  hóng OC: ɡooŋ MC: ɦuŋ 8 Attributions

    Hóng 洪 refers to the size of water masses, and the word is often used in metaphorical senses.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 大/BIG The general word is dà 大 (ant. xiǎo 小 "small").
    • Contrast: 大/GREAT Dà 大 (ant. xiǎo 小 "insignificant") is often used to refer to generally recognised awe-inspiring status (for example of a king etc) rather than mere size.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNvast; typical only in 洪水 'flood'
    • vadNfigurativebig > magnificent, great
    • viexpansive and large
    碩  shuò OC: djaɡ MC: dʑiɛk 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNgrand; big; large
    • vibe great; large; big
    延  yán OC: lan MC: jiɛn 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativebuild so as to enlarge what exists> extend, enlarge
    多  duō OC: k-laal MC: tɑ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabgradedCHEMLA 2003: be larger than
    • vigradedbe greater, be the greater; increase
    • vt+prep+Ngradedbe greater or more than (that of) N
    斥  chì OC: khljaɡ MC: tɕhiɛk 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNexpand; spread
    昊  hào OC: ɡuuʔ MC: ɦɑu 3 Attributions

    Hào 昊 refers to the vastness of the sky, as a poetic elevated epithet (sometimes perhaps confused by scribes with 旻).

      Syntactic words
    • vadNvast (of the sky); august
    辟  pì OC: beɡ MC: biɛk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativeenlarge
    逢  féng 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNlarge, broad (e.g. garment)LZ
    • vilarge, broad (e.g. garment)LZ
    閎  hóng OC: ɡʷrɯɯŋ MC: ɦɣɛŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vifor 宏 "grand"
    巨大  jù dà OC: ɡaʔ daads MC: gi̯ɤ dɑi 2 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • VPadNhuge
    • VPibe immense
    丘  qiū MC: khjuw OC: khɯ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nadNmetaphoricallike a hill > bigDS
    墳  fén OC: bɯn MC: bi̯un 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNgreat, big, large ???
    嬴  yíng OC: leŋ MC: jiɛŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactexpand
    碩大  shuò dà OC: djaɡ daads MC: dʑiɛk dɑi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPichangegrow big; get very large
    肆  sì OC: plils MC: si 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativeenlarge
    細大  xì dà OC: snɯɯs daads MC: sei dɑi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabrelative size
    覺  jué MC: kaewk OC: kruuɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNbig, great: a marginal, archaic usage known from the Book of OdesLZ
    高大  gāo dà OC: koow daads MC: kɑu dɑi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeaturelarge size
    • VPibe very tall
    魁  kuí OC: khuul MC: khuo̝i 1 Attribution

    Kuí 魁 and páng 龐 (ant. wēi 微 "small and slight"), both rare, add to the notion of vertical size that of impressiveness.

      Syntactic words
    • nadNhuge
    • nccsubjectthat which is big (of bright stars)
    • nplurthe giants
    • v-p.adVimpressivelyCH
    • vitall and impressive; be huge 魁然
    泱泱  yāng yāng OC: qaŋ qaŋ MC: ʔi̯ɐŋ ʔi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi.redbe vast
    高廣  gāo guǎng OC: koow kʷaaŋʔ MC: kɑu kɑŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPispacious (of buildings)
    太山  tài shān OC: thaads sreen MC: thɑi ʂɣɛn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadNhuge big 泰山之惡
    軒敞  xuān chǎng OC: qhan thjaŋʔ MC: hi̯ɐn tɕhi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe spacious and bright
    丕  pī OC: phrɯ MC: phi 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 顯/FAMOUS The current general term for illustiousness and extraordinary fame is xiǎn 顯 (ant. huì 晦 "obscure").

      Syntactic words
    • vadNgreat; grand 丕績 "great achievements"
    • vadVgreatly (the subject is usually a ruler)
    • vifigurativerare and archaic, but resumed as a poetic archaism later: impressive; great
    介  jiè OC: kreeds MC: kɣɛi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNbig, large (deer)
    傀  guī OC: kuul MC: kuo̝i 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • n{PRED}be a giantCH
    • vivery rare: imposing; magnificent
    富  fù OC: pɯɡs MC: pɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vifigurativebe large, be broad, be extensive
    • vt prep Nbe more substantialCH
    封  fēng MC: pjowng OC: poŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNarchaicbig, tallCH
    浩  hào OC: ɡuuʔ MC: ɦɑu 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 廣/BROAD The standard general word is guǎng 廣 (ant. xiá 狹 "narrow") referring to anything of get spatial extension, also in various metaphorical senses.

      Syntactic words
    • vibe extensive
    • vi.red:post-Nintensitivebig > extensive
    甫  fǔ OC: paʔ MC: pi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNlarge
    • vibe large; be big; be wide
    皤  pó OC: baal MC: bʷɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vibe bulging (of stomach)
    睅  hàn OC: ɡronʔ MC: ɦɣan 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vibe bulging and protruding (of eyes)
    闊大  kuò dà OC: khood daads MC: khʷɑt dɑi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPifigurativebe huge, vast
    粗  cū OC: skhaa MC: tshuo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vibe large and unsubtle; (of a vessel) crude and large;
    繹  yì OC: laɡ MC: jiɛk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vifigurativegrandly continuous; ample; amply mellifluous
    膍  pí OC: bii MC: bei 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viSHI: be large, abundant
    可大  kě dà OC: khlaalʔ daads MC: khɑ dɑi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeaturethe capacity of being made large
    莫  mò OC: maaɡ MC: mɑk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNwide; vast; extensive
    頎  qí OC: ɡɯl MC: gɨi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • virare, archaic, poetic: tall and handsome
    龐  páng OC: brooŋ MC: bɣɔŋ 0 Attributions

    Kuí 魁 and páng 龐 (ant. wēi 微 "small and slight"), both rare, add to the notion of vertical size that of impressiveness.

      Syntactic words
    • vilarge and fat
    恢詭  huī guǐ OC: khʷɯɯ krolʔ MC: khuo̝i kiɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPi(of literature) be long-winded
    丈尺  zhàng chǐ OC: daŋʔ thjaɡ MC: ɖi̯ɐŋ tɕhiɛk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPa large amount
    偉  wěi OC: ɢulʔ MC: ɦɨi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe huge, gigantic; great[is only used metaphorically; should be maybe moved to GREAT or EXCELLENT][CA]
    嚭  pǐ OC: phrɯʔ MC: phi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viP: great
    夏  xià OC: ɡraaʔ MC: ɦɣɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viFANGYAN: be big
    孔  kǒng OC: khooŋʔ MC: khuŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viarchaic: immense; numerous
    宏  hóng OC: ɡʷrɯɯŋ MC: ɦɣɛŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vivoluminous, high and large
    • vifigurativebe majestic
    微巨  wēi jù OC: mɯl ɡaʔ MC: mɨi gi̯ɤ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeaturetininess versus enormous size; relative size