PAST 過去昔
PERIOD BEFORE NOW.
FORMERLYHISTORYBACKGROUNDPREVIOUSLYEARLIERBEFOREUNTIL NOW/THENHITHERTONéeONCEONCE UPON A TIMEAT ONE TIMEIN THE PASTFORMAL HERETOFORE
Antonym
- FUTURETIME PERIOD LATE IN-RELATION-TO NOW.
Hypernym
- TIMEABSTRACT OBJECT that all EVENTS ARE-IN.
See also
- OLDOf BIG AGE OR having EXISTED for an ENDURING PERIOD.
- OLDOf BIG AGE OR having EXISTED for an ENDURING PERIOD.
- CAUSESITUATION OR THING which CAUSES something TO HAPPEN OR to be TRUE.
Hyponym
- RECENT PAST AND NOT DISTANT.
- FRESH RECENTLY HARVESTED AND EXCELLENT FOR EATING.
- FORMER Who in the PAST was something X BUT HAS BECOME NOT X at the PRESENT.
- ORIGIN PAST as DISTANT OR NEAR CAUSE of SOMETHING.
- ORIGINALLY At the MOMENT when something BEGAN.
- ANCIENT INTENSELY PAST
- OLD-FASHIONED PAST AND ALREADY NOT MODERN OR GOOD
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The most general current word for "formerly" referring to any time in the distant or recent past is probably xī 昔 (ant. jīn 今 "present").
2. Wǎng 往 (ant. lái 來 "future") is a general technical term for the past.
3. Céng 曾 marks an event as belonging to the past, and the word is highly grammaticalised. 待考
4. Cháng 嘗 places an action or experience in the past, typically in so far as this past is experienced or witnessed by someone, remarkably often by the speaker himself.
5. Gǔ 古 and gǔ zhě 古者 refer specifically to ancient times and not just generally to the past.
6. Xiàng 鄉 / 曏 / 嚮 refers to the relatively recent past.
7. Nǎng 曩 refers to the somewhat more distant past.
8. Qǐng 頃 refer to the period a short time ago.
9. Gù 故 tends to be used adjectivally to characterise something as being former rather than present, and the meaning is very neatly distinct from gǔ 古 which would characterise something as being old.\
NB: Zuó 昨 refers specifically to something happening a day ago. See YESTERDAY.
2. Wǎng 往 (ant. lái 來 "future") is a general technical term for the past.
3. Céng 曾 marks an event as belonging to the past, and the word is highly grammaticalised. 待考
4. Cháng 嘗 places an action or experience in the past, typically in so far as this past is experienced or witnessed by someone, remarkably often by the speaker himself.
5. Gǔ 古 and gǔ zhě 古者 refer specifically to ancient times and not just generally to the past.
6. Xiàng 鄉 / 曏 / 嚮 refers to the relatively recent past.
7. Nǎng 曩 refers to the somewhat more distant past.
8. Qǐng 頃 refer to the period a short time ago.
9. Gù 故 tends to be used adjectivally to characterise something as being former rather than present, and the meaning is very neatly distinct from gǔ 古 which would characterise something as being old.\
NB: Zuó 昨 refers specifically to something happening a day ago. See YESTERDAY.
Modern Chinese Criteria
過去
從前
已往
以往
往常
往昔
平昔
昔日
往日
舊日
向日
舊時
老年間
年時
往年
早年
早歲
昔年
古昔
疇昔
宿昔
夙昔
逝川
逝波
昔
往
自古
古來
終古
亙古
曠古
振古
古往今來
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
從前
已往
以往
往常
往昔
平昔
昔日
往日
舊日
向日
舊時
老年間
年時
往年
早年
早歲
昔年
古昔
疇昔
宿昔
夙昔
逝川
逝波
昔
往
自古
古來
終古
亙古
曠古
振古
古往今來
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
- Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka
(
APRESJAN 2004)
p.
833;897 - Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles
(
CASSIN 2004)
p.
1017 - Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien
(
DOEDERLEIN 1840)
p.
FORMERLY
pridem refrs to a point of time as being long ago.
diu refers to a space of time manyt days, months or years ago.
dudum refers to a space of time several minutes or hours since.
- 論衡同義詞研究
(
LUNHENG TONGYI 2004)
p.
102 - Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie
(
RITTER 1971-2007)
p.
12.1426 ZUKUNFT; VERGANGENHEIT
- 古辭辨 Gu ci bian
(
WANG FENGYANG 1993)
p.
11 - 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci
(
WU SANXING 2008)
p.
249f
Words
昔者 xī zhě OC: sqaɡ kljaʔ MC: siɛk tɕɣɛ 49 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSthe past, some time ago
- NPadSSantiquityin ancient times (those of the tyrant Jiè etc)
- NPadV.postN{SUBJ}in the past; some time ago
前 qián OC: dzeen MC: dzen 37 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Ant: 後/FUTURE
Hòu 後 (ant. qíán 前 "earlier times") often refers to what comes afterwards, the future. - Synon: /
- Syntactic words
- nabtimeearlier time
- nadSat an early stage, in the beginning; in the former case (rather than the latter)
- nsubjectthe earlier ones (e.g. words, deeds)
- v(adN)the previous contextually determinate NVK
- vadN(temporal) previous, earlier, former; preceding 前人,前相
- vadVformerly, earlier
嘗 cháng OC: djaŋ MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ
常 cháng OC: djaŋ MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ 37 AttributionsWD
Cháng 嘗 places an action or experience in the past, typically in so far as this past is experienced or witnessed by someone, remarkably often by the speaker himself.
- Syntactic words
- vadVat one point, some time ago; once in the past, on one occasion; in the past;
昔 xī OC: sqaɡ MC: siɛk 32 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Assoc: 往/PAST
Wǎng 往 (ant. lái 來 "future") is a general technical term for the past. - Synon: 舊/OLD
The general term for old age of living creatures is lǎo 老 "of old age" (ant. shào 少 "still youthful" and yòu 幼 "young"), whereas the general term for things not new is jiù 舊 (ant. xīn 新 "new").
- Syntactic words
- nabeventthe past
- nadNdefinitelast
- nadNunspecifieda past, bygone (days);
- nadSSbefore; in the past year(s)
- nadVat an earlier time
- nadV.postN{SUBJ}in the past
曾 céng OC: dzɯɯŋ MC: dzəŋ 25 AttributionsWD
Céng 曾 marks an event as belonging to the past, and the word is highly grammaticalised. 待考
- Syntactic words
- padSin the past, repeatedly
- padSrhetorical questionever?
- padVin the past; used to
過去 guò qù OC: klools khas MC: kʷɑ khi̯ɤ 21 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabBUDDH: the past
- NPadSin the past
- NPadVBUDDH: in the past
- VPadNBUDDH: of the past, former, previous
- VPiBUDDH: have gone by; be past
古者 gǔ zhě OC: kaaʔ kljaʔ MC: kuo̝ tɕɣɛ 20 AttributionsWD
Gǔ 古 and gǔ zhě 古者 refer specifically to ancient times and not just generally to the past.
- Syntactic words
- NPadSin ancient times
往 wǎng OC: ɢʷaŋʔ MC: ɦi̯ɐŋ 19 AttributionsWD
Wǎng 往 (ant. lái 來 "future") is a general technical term for the past.
- Word relations
- Ant: 來/FUTURE
The most current and general word for the nominalised notion of the future is probably lái 來 (ant. wǎng 往 "the past"). - Assoc: /
- Assoc: 昔/PAST
- Syntactic words
- nadSin the past, some time ago
- v[adN]what is past> the past, what has already happened; what has already been said; matters of the past; the first thing
- vadNpast, previous, preceding, last
- vibe a matter of the past, be past
故 gù OC: kaas MC: kuo̝ 19 AttributionsWD
Gù 故 tends to be used adjectivally to characterise something as being former rather than present, and the meaning is very neatly distinct from gǔ 古 which would characterise something as being old.
- Word relations
- Ant: 新/NEW
The current word for something newly invented is xīn 新 (ant. 舊) which generally tends to have negative connotations in cultural contexts but takes on positive connotations when referring to articles of daily use etc.. - Assoc: 舊/OLD
The general term for old age of living creatures is lǎo 老 "of old age" (ant. shào 少 "still youthful" and yòu 幼 "young"), whereas the general term for things not new is jiù 舊 (ant. xīn 新 "new").
- Syntactic words
- nprecedent; prevailing antecedent practice; local precedentsCH
- nabdimension1. the past; 2. what is ancient, antiquity
- nadNpre-existing, the earlier, early; former; belonging to a bygone age, old; old-established
- nadVformerly; before
舊 jiù OC: ɡus MC: gɨu 13 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nadVin my distant past
- v[adN]the old [practice, tradition]; previous [times]
- vadNof the past
先 xiān OC: sɯɯn MC: sen 12 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Epithet: 王/KING
The general term for a king of any kind is wáng 王, and in Warring States times this term can refer to all sovereign rulers, even the Son of Heaven.
- Syntactic words
- vad.VadNformer 先美人
- vadNformer, earlier
- vadVat some earlier time, before this, earlier
宿 sù OC: suɡ MC: suk 12 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadNprevious, earlier; of last night, last night'sin the BUDDH. context usually referring to a former life
- vadVbeforehand; previously; in the past; from the past
曩者 nǎng zhě OC: naaŋʔ kljaʔ MC: nɑŋ tɕɣɛ 11 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabtimethe time not long ago
- NPadSsome time ago; just now
- NPadVjust before; some time ago
既 jì OC: kɯds MC: kɨi 9 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadVbeforehand; in the past
曏 xiàng OC: qhaŋs MC: hi̯ɐŋ
嚮 xiàng OC: qhaŋs MC: hi̯ɐŋ
向 xiàng OC: qhaŋs MC: hi̯ɐŋ
曏嚮向鄉 Click here to add pinyin OC: MC: 8 AttributionsWD
Xiàng 鄉/曏/嚮 refers to the relatively recent past. xxx
- Syntactic words
- nadNpast; just now (as in "the man just now")
- nadNfigurativeearlier-mentioned, above-mentioned
- nadSSnot long ago
- vadSformerly, earlier
- vadVformerly
尚 shàng OC: djaŋs MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ 8 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabhigh antiquity LSCQ 樂所由來者尚也 "the origin of music is in high antiquity"
- nadVtimein ancient times; going back to ancient times
- vibe long past
昨 zuó OC: dzaaɡ MC: dzɑk 8 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nyesterday
- nadNimmediately preceding (day)
- nadSyesterday
- nadV.postN{SUBJ}yesterday
曩 nǎng OC: naaŋʔ MC: nɑŋ 8 AttributionsWD
Nǎng 曩 refers to the somewhat more distant past.
- Syntactic words
- nabtimenáng: the immediate past; in the immediate past
- nad.vadNnáng: rormer; previous
- nadNof the pastCH
- nadVtimenáng: informal: earlier; just a while ago
往古 wǎng gǔ OC: ɢʷaŋʔ kaaʔ MC: ɦi̯ɐŋ kuo̝ 7 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NP(adN)the contextually determinate N of antiquityCH
- NP{N1=N2}HF3.1.37: antiquity
- VPadNpast, previous
久遠 jiǔ yuǎn OC: klɯʔ ɢʷanʔ MC: kɨu ɦi̯ɐn 6 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPab.adStimein the distant past
- NPabtimethe long period of the past
- VPadNlong-lasting
- VPpostadNby a long time
在昔 zài xī OC: sɡɯɯʔ sqaɡ MC: dzəi siɛk 6 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadSin ancient times
如故 rú gù OC: nja kaas MC: ȵi̯ɤ kuo̝ 6 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabstativesituation
- VPibe as beforeDS
- VPpostadVas before
往者 wǎng zhě OC: ɢʷaŋʔ kljaʔ MC: ɦi̯ɐŋ tɕɣɛ 6 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSin the past; HF 1.3.1: formerly, not too long ago, in the not too distant past
- NPsubjectthe past
久 jiǔ OC: klɯʔ MC: kɨu 5 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Assoc: 遠/DISTANT
The clearly dominant term for distance in general is yuǎn 遠 (ant. jìn 近 "close").
- Syntactic words
- vadVa long time ago
- vibe long past 久遠
- vpostadVa long time ago
初 chū OC: tshra MC: ʈʂhi̯ɤ 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nadSa long time ago, when all this started
已 yǐ OC: k-lɯʔ MC: jɨ 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- padVhaving V-ed; marker of the past, pidgin English: already; modern Chinese: 早已經
日 rì OC: mljiɡ MC: ȵit 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nadSSome time ago
上古 shàng gǔ OC: ɡljaŋs kaaʔ MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ kuo̝ 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabhigh antiquityLZ
- NPadNof high antiquity
- NPadSin high antiquity
往昔 wǎng xī OC: ɢʷaŋʔ sqaɡ MC: ɦi̯ɐŋ siɛk 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPab.adNpast, bygone
- NPab.adSin former times
- NPabtimethe past
從前 cóng qián OC: dzoŋ dzeen MC: dzi̯oŋ dzen 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadNpast, previous
- VPadVformerly, in the past, before
乃往過去 nǎi wǎng guò qù OC: nɯɯʔ ɢʷaŋʔ klools khaʔ MC: nəi ɦi̯ɐŋ kʷɑ khi̯ɤ 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSa very long time ago
過去久遠 guò qù jiǔ yuǎn OC: klools khaʔ klɯʔ ɢʷanʔ MC: kʷɑ khi̯ɤ kɨu ɦi̯ɐn 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadSin the long distant past
鄉 xiāng 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabmoment just pastCH
- nadV(= xiang4 曏) in the past, beforeLZ
來 lái OC: m-rɯɯ MC: ləi 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vpostadVcolloquial suffix (continuative) "having V-ed"
先時 xiān shí OC: sɯɯn ɡljɯ MC: sen dʑɨ 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSSHF 2.7.14 not too long ago
前日 qián rì OC: dzeen mljiɡ MC: dzen ȵit 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadVin the past days, the previous day
- NPtimeonce, in the past days
昨夜 zuó yè OC: dzaaɡ k-laɡs MC: dzɑk jɣɛ 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadVlast night, yesterday during the night
當時 dāng shí OC: taaŋ ɡljɯ MC: tɑŋ dʑɨ 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadV.postSat that time in the past (described in S)
始 shǐ OC: lʰɯʔ MC: ɕɨ 3 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Ant: 今/NOW
The current word for the present is jīn 今. Note 趙歧on Mencius: 孟子傷今時之君 "of his time, contemporary".
- Syntactic words
- vadVformerly; originally; in the past; in the old days
昔在 xī zài OC: sqaɡ sɡɯɯʔ MC: siɛk dzəi 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadSFormerly
嚮者 xiàng zhě MC: xjangH tsyaeX OC: qhaŋs kljaʔDS 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadVa moment agoCH
- PPadSrecentrecently; HDC: 剛才DS
鄉也 xiāng yě MC: xjang dzyoX OC: qhaŋ lalʔLZ 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- PPadV(= xiang4yě 曏也) before, not long agoLZ
遠 yuǎn OC: ɢʷanʔ MC: ɦi̯ɐn 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vibe distant in time, be far removed in time
頃 qǐng OC: khʷleŋʔ MC: khiɛŋ 2 AttributionsWD
Qǐng 頃 refer to the period a short time ago.
- Syntactic words
- nadStimeafter a short time; a short while ago
- nadV.postN{SUBJ}in times past (also: for generations????)
大上 dà shàng OC: daads ɡljaŋs MC: dɑi dʑi̯ɐŋ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSin the distant past; in high antiquity
太古 tài gǔ OC: thaads kaaʔ MC: thɑi kuo̝ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSin high antiquity
往舊 wǎng jiù OC: ɢʷaŋʔ ɡus MC: ɦi̯ɐŋ gɨu 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPab{N1=N2}the past, what is past
往過去 wǎng guò qù OC: ɢʷaŋʔ klools khaʔ MC: ɦi̯ɐŋ kʷɑ khi̯ɤ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadVin the past
- VPadNof the past
乃往久遠 nǎi wǎng jiǔ yuǎn OC: nɯɯʔ ɢʷaŋʔ klɯʔ ɢʷanʔ MC: nəi ɦi̯ɐŋ kɨu ɦi̯ɐn 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSa very long time ago
古 gǔ MC: kuX OC: kaaʔCH 2 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Ant: 循/FOLLOW
Xún 循 is to follow certain guidelines or a certain prescribed path, as a matter of prudential strategy, and typically in a rather mechanical or habitual manner.
- Syntactic words
- nabthe pastCH
上 shàng OC: ɡljaŋʔ MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- nabtimein antiquity
去 qù OC: khas MC: khi̯ɤ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- v[adN]the time/past which has gone > the past
中古 zhōng gǔ OC: krluŋ kaaʔ MC: ʈuŋ kuo̝ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabtimemiddle antiquity (see also 上古 "high antiquity")
先來 xiān lái OC: sɯɯn m-rɯɯ MC: sen ləi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadVbeforehand; from before; originally
先古 xiān gǔ OC: sɯɯn kaaʔ MC: sen kuo̝ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadNof ancient times
前時 qián shí OC: dzeen ɡljɯ MC: dzen dʑɨ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSHF 2.7.7: not so long ago
前者 qián zhě OC: dzeen kljaʔ MC: dzen tɕɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSformerly
古來 gǔ lái OC: kaaʔ m-rɯɯ MC: kuo̝ ləi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadNof ancient times
太上 tài shàng OC: thaads ɡljaŋs MC: thɑi dʑi̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSIn the distant past
往世 wǎng shì OC: ɢʷaŋʔ lʰebs MC: ɦi̯ɐŋ ɕiɛi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabtimepast generations> the past
往日 wǎng rì OC: ɢʷaŋʔ mljiɡ MC: ɦi̯ɐŋ ȵit 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadVin the past, formerly
日者 rì zhě OC: mljiɡ kljaʔ MC: ȵit tɕɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSin those days
昔來 xī lái OC: sqaɡ m-rɯɯ MC: siɛk ləi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadSIn times past
昔時 xī shí OC: sqaɡ ɡljɯ MC: siɛk dʑɨ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSin ancient times, formerly; some time ago
疇昔 chóu xī OC: du sqaɡ MC: ɖɨu siɛk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabtimethe past
頃來 qǐng lái OC: khʷleŋʔ m-rɯɯ MC: khiɛŋ ləi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadVin the recent past; these days
從上以來 cóng shàng yǐ lái OC: dzoŋ ɡljaŋs k-lɯʔ m-rɯɯ MC: dzi̯oŋ dʑi̯ɐŋ jɨ ləi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadNfrom ancient times onwards
過去世中 guò qù shì zhōng OC: klools khas lʰebs krluŋ MC: kʷɑ khi̯ɤ ɕiɛi ʈuŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSin worlds past
成 chéng OC: djeŋ MC: dʑiɛŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vadNcompleted> past 成事 "bygone matters"
遂古 suì gǔ MC: zwijH kuX OC: sɢluds kaaʔCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPantiquityCH
往時 wǎng shí MC: hjwangX dzyi OC: ɢʷaŋʔ ɡljɯDS 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadVin the past; previouslyDS
上世 shàng shì MC: dzyangX -- OC: ɡljaŋʔ lʰebsLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPthe past worldLZ
大古 dà gǔ MC: dajH kuX OC: daads kaaʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NP(= tai4gu3 太古) remote antiquityLZ
故老 gù lǎo MC: kuH lawX OC: kaas ɡ-ruuʔVK 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VP(adN)old times, past timesVK
前世 qián shì MC: dzen -- OC: dzeen lʰebsDS 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSin the past generationsDS
已往 yǐ wǎng MC: yiX hjwangX OC: k-lɯʔ ɢʷaŋʔDS 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabpast times;DS
泰古 tài gǔ MC: thajH kuX OC: thaads kaaʔCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPhigh antiquityCH
他日 tā rì OC: lʰaal mljiɡ MC: thɑ ȵit 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSin bygone days
時 shí OC: ɡljɯ MC: dʑɨ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSIn the past; just the other day; some time ago
已曾 yǐ céng OC: k-lɯʔ dzɯɯŋ MC: jɨ dzəŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- PPadVin the past already
往往 wǎng wǎng OC: ɢʷaŋʔ ɢʷaŋʔ MC: ɦi̯ɐŋ ɦi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
日久 rì jiǔ OC: mljiɡ klɯʔ MC: ȵit kɨu 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPpostadVa long time ago
昔年 xī nián OC: sqaɡ niin MC: siɛk nen 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadV.postN{SUBJ}the other year; some years ago
昔日 xī rì OC: sqaɡ mljiɡ MC: siɛk ȵit 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSin the past
古今來 gǔ jīn lái OC: kaaʔ krɯm m-rɯɯ MC: kuo̝ kim ləi 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadSfrom past times down to the present
本 běn OC: pɯɯnʔ MC: puo̝n 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nadSin the past
- nadVin the past
Existing SW for
Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database:
Searching Wikidata
Type: