FUTURE 未來來
TIME PERIOD LATE IN-RELATION-TO NOW.
Antonym
- PASTPERIOD BEFORE NOW.
Hypernym
- TIMEABSTRACT OBJECT that all EVENTS ARE-IN.
See also
- INTENDDESIRE for what one BELIEVES to be a POSSIBLE:FEASIBLE FUTURE ACT by ONESELF.
- INTENDDESIRE for what one BELIEVES to be a POSSIBLE:FEASIBLE FUTURE ACT by ONESELF.
Hyponym
- IMMEDIATELY AFTER an INTENSELY SHORT PERIOD, LACKING DELAY.
- SOON FUTURE that is COMPARATIVELY NEAR.
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for the immediate future is jiāng 將 (ant. yǐ 已 "already") which refers freely to any part of the future, distant or imminent.
2. Qiě 且 (ant. jì 既 "already") refers to immiment and immediate future. See SOON.
3. Yù 欲 comes to be used as a neutral indicator of the likely future so that we are not likely to find bì yù 必欲 ever coming to mean "will surely, will necessarily".
4. Yǐ 以 "in order to" is restricted to subordinate clauses and refers specifically to the intended future.
5. The most current and general word for the nominalised notion of the future is probably lái 來 (ant. wǎng 往 "the past").
6. Hòu 後 (ant. qíán 前 "earlier times") often refers to what comes afterwards, the future.
7. Wèi 未 "not yet" is sometimes -very rarely- used as a noun to refer to the future. NB: yǐ 已 is never used as an antonym.
2. Qiě 且 (ant. jì 既 "already") refers to immiment and immediate future. See SOON.
3. Yù 欲 comes to be used as a neutral indicator of the likely future so that we are not likely to find bì yù 必欲 ever coming to mean "will surely, will necessarily".
4. Yǐ 以 "in order to" is restricted to subordinate clauses and refers specifically to the intended future.
5. The most current and general word for the nominalised notion of the future is probably lái 來 (ant. wǎng 往 "the past").
6. Hòu 後 (ant. qíán 前 "earlier times") often refers to what comes afterwards, the future.
7. Wèi 未 "not yet" is sometimes -very rarely- used as a noun to refer to the future. NB: yǐ 已 is never used as an antonym.
Modern Chinese Criteria
即將
行將
快要
就要
將次
將
且
將來
未來
前途
前程
前景
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
LU JIANMING
行將
快要
就要
將次
將
且
將來
未來
前途
前程
前景
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
LU JIANMING
- A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
16.61 - Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles
(
CASSIN 2004)
p.
1017 - Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum
(
LANGIUS 1631)
p.
FUTURUM
- 論衡同義詞研究
(
LUNHENG TONGYI 2004)
p.
16 - Histoire de l'avenir ( MINOIS 1996) p.
- Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie
(
RITTER 1971-2007)
p.
12.1426 ZUKUNFT/VERGANGENHEIT
- Using Chinese Synonyms
(
GRACE ZHANG 2010)
p.
307 - Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary
(
TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996)
p.
359 - Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Second Edition ( BROWN 2005) p.
- Quiddities. An Intermittently Philosophical Dictionary
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QUINE 1987)
p.
73 - SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse
(
GIRARD 1769)
p.
1.338.302 FUTUR.AVENIR
- 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典
(
HONG CHENGYU 2009)
p.
544
Words
將 jiāng OC: skaŋ MC: tsi̯ɐŋ 102 AttributionsWD
The current general word for the immediate future is jiāng 將 (ant. yǐ 已 "already") which refers freely to any part of the future, distant or imminent.
- Syntactic words
- (ID MISSING)will in the future (in construction with another vt+V)
- vt+V1.postV2in order to
- vt+V[0]be about to; will in the future; be going to
- vt+V[0]irrealiswould (in the future or in a purely hypothetical case)
- vt+V[0]non-immediatewill, be about to (often not immediate future)
- vt+V[0]pastindicates future in the past: was about to; were about to
- vt+V[0]{PASS}will be Ved
當 dāng OC: taaŋ MC: tɑŋ 52 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Synon: 欲/FUTURE
Yù 欲 comes to be used as a neutral indicator of the likely future so that we are not likely to find bì yù 必欲 ever coming to mean "will surely, will necessarily".
- Syntactic words
- vt+V[0]be about to, be going to (sometimes close to DESIRE)
- vt+V[0]irrealiswould
- vt+V[0]pastwas about to (indicating near future in the past)
後世 hòu shì OC: ɡooʔ lʰebs MC: ɦu ɕiɛi 23 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadNfuture; of next generations
- NPadVin the future; BUDDH: in future worlds;
- NPpluralfuture generations, posterity
且 qiě OC: MC: tshɣɛ 17 AttributionsWD
Qiě 且 (ant. jì 既 "already") refers to immiment and immediate future. See SOON.
- Syntactic words
- vadVbe about to; shall
後 hòu OC: ɡooʔ MC: ɦu 17 AttributionsWD
Hòu 後 (ant. qíán 前 "earlier times") often refers to what comes afterwards, the future.
- Syntactic words
- nthe future
- nadNdistant future (people, times, generations etc.); regarding the more distant future
- nadVtimein the future, afterwards
欲 yù OC: k-loɡ MC: ji̯ok 16 AttributionsWD
Yù 欲 comes to be used as a neutral indicator of the likely future so that we are not likely to find bì yù 必欲 ever coming to mean "will surely, will necessarily".
- Syntactic words
- vt+V[0]subject=humanmarker of the future: be about to, will; tend to
- vt+V[0]subject=inanimatemarker of the future: be about to, will; tend to
來 lái OC: m-rɯɯ MC: ləi 15 AttributionsWD
The most current and general word for the nominalised notion of the future is probably lái 來 (ant. wǎng 往 "the past").
- Word relations
- Ant: 往/PAST
Wǎng 往 (ant. lái 來 "future") is a general technical term for the past. - Oppos: 此/NOW
- Syntactic words
- v[adN]what is to come, the future; the next thing
- vadNOBI: coming, forthcoming; future
- viprocessoccur in the future; come in the future
擬 nǐ OC: ŋɡɯʔ MC: ŋɨ 13 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt+V[0]be about to (marking immanent action/near future) (compare German: "sich anschicken zu V")
將以 jiāng yǐ OC: skaŋ k-lɯʔ MC: tsi̯ɐŋ jɨ 8 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt V[0].postadVin order to
- VPt+V[0]be about to, have an intention to (in that way)
未來 wèi lái OC: mɯds m-rɯɯ MC: mɨi ləi 8 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadVin the future
- VP[adN]what has not yet come > the future
- VPadNnot yet come > future
更 gèng OC: kraaŋs MC: kɣaŋ 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadVhenceforth
將來 jiāng lái OC: skaŋ m-rɯɯ MC: tsi̯ɐŋ ləi 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPab.adSfuture
- NPadNfutureN
復 fù OC: buɡ MC: buk 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadVhenceforth, henceforth in the future 不復 "henceforth not" 莫復 "don't in the future"
他日 tā rì OC: lʰaal mljiɡ MC: thɑ ȵit 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSin the near future; soon afterwards; another time in the future
- NPadSindefinitegeneralised: any other day; another dayCH
代 dài OC: lɯɯɡs MC: dəi 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadNof future generations
擬欲 nǐ yù OC: ŋɡɯʔ k-loɡ MC: ŋɨ ji̯ok 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt+V[0]be about to (as most of the modal verbs of volition, the dissylabic vernacular 擬欲 has the extended meaning of expressing an immanent action/near future)
來世 lái shì OC: m-rɯɯ lʰebs MC: ləi ɕiɛi 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabtimefuture worlds
- NPadVin worlds to come
來者 lái zhě OC: m-rɯɯ kljaʔ MC: ləi tɕɣɛ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPsubjectthe future
當來 dāng lái OC: taaŋ m-rɯɯ MC: tɑŋ ləi 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadNfuture
- VPadVin the future
末 mò OC: maad MC: mʷɑt 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- nfuture generations
為 wéi OC: ɢʷal MC: ɦiɛ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vadVwas about to, was going to
正欲 zhèng yù OC: tjeŋs k-loɡ MC: tɕiɛŋ ji̯ok 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt+V[0]be just about to V
正當 zhèng dāng OC: tjeŋs taaŋ MC: tɕiɛŋ tɑŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt+V[0]be just about to
臨當 lín dāng OC: b-rɯm taaŋ MC: lim tɑŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt+V[0]be just about to
於來世 yú lái shì OC: qa m-rɯɯ lʰebs MC: ʔi̯ɤ ləi ɕiɛi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadVin a coming world
從是已來 cóng shì yǐ lái OC: dzoŋ ɡljeʔ k-lɯʔ m-rɯɯ MC: dzi̯oŋ dʑiɛ jɨ ləi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadShenceforth
從是已後 cóng shì yǐ hòu OC: dzoŋ ɡljeʔ k-lɯʔ ɡooʔ MC: dzi̯oŋ dʑiɛ jɨ ɦu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadShenceforth
於未來世 yú wèi lái shì OC: qa mɯds m-rɯɯ lʰebs MC: ʔi̯ɤ mɨi ləi ɕiɛi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabtimefuture lives
其後 jī hòu MC: ki huwX OC: kɯ ɡooʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPfuture, what happens thereafterLZ
後圖 hòu tú MC: huwX du OC: ɡooʔ daaCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPablong future perspectiveCH
下 xià OC: ɢraaʔ MC: ɦɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nadNfuture
- VPt+V[0]one should not go about V-ing NB: It is quite possible that the syntactic category here should be VPt[0]+V[0].
未 wèi OC: mɯds MC: mɨi 0 AttributionsWD
Wèi 未 "not yet" is sometimes -very rarely- used as a noun to refer to the future. NB: yǐ 已 is never used as an antonym.
- Syntactic words
- nXUN, HF 2.2. the future
讖 chèn OC: tshrims MC: ʈʂhim 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt+V[0]hope to in the not too distant future; hope that prerson of superior status will do something; wish that
下世 xià shì OC: ɢraas lʰebs MC: ɦɣɛ ɕiɛi 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabtimefuture time
其往 qí wǎng OC: ɡɯ ɢʷaŋʔ MC: gɨ ɦi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadVFrom then on
方當 fāng dāng OC: paŋ taaŋ MC: pi̯ɐŋ tɑŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt+V[0]will, going to V (Buddhist sūtras) LOTUS(B): 86b21 方當供養如此前數
未萌 wèi méng OC: mɯds mreeŋ MC: mɨi mɣɛŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabeventfuture events; things about to happen
自今以往 zì jīn yǐ wǎng OC: sblids krɯm k-lɯʔ ɢʷaŋʔ MC: dzi kim jɨ ɦi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadVhenceforth
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