Taxonomy of meanings for 江:
Additional information about 江
說文解字:
- Criteria
- CITIES
See 曲英結，先秦都城復原研究，黑龍江人民, 1991
- RIVER
1. The general word for a river is shuǐ 水.
2. Jiāng 江 can refer not only to the Yangtse River, but also to its system of tributaries, similarly for hé 河.
3. Chuān 川 is a general term for rivers, streams and streamlets which normally has a generic reference.
4. Dú 瀆 is a special term for the Four Great Rivers, the sì dú 四瀆 : 江，淮，河，濟
NB: Hé 河 is normally a proper name of Yellow River and its tributaries. [The term Huánghé 黃河 was in use since Han times. The river flows through the following provinces Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong. In the northeastern part of the Shandong province, it flows into the Bohai gulf.]
Jiāng 江 is a proper name for the Yangtse River and its tributaries. [The greatest river of China. It flows through the following provinces and areas Xizang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu. Overall length 6300 km.]
- INSIDE
1. The current general word for the inside of three-dimensional objects as opposed to what is outside them is nèi 內 (ant. wài 外 ), but this word is sometimes used to refer quite generally to the insides territories and the like. There are no degrees of neì 內 : things are either inside or outside.
2. Zhōng 中 (ant. e.g. pàn 畔 "the margins"(!) cf. 江中 versus 江畔 ) typically refers to the centre of a domain and contrasts with the margins or what lies just outside that domain. There are degrees of zhōng 中 : some things may be more central, closer to the core, than others. Note that 中國 does not contrast with 外國 but with ZHOULI 遠國 or occasionally jué guó 絕國. Ancient China did not recognise foreign "states".
3. Lǐ 裡 (ant. biǎo 表 ) is rare and refers in a rather abstract way to what is inward rather than mereley outward.
4. Yāng 央 is only occasionally used to refer to the centre and is most current in the ubiquitous combination 中央 "central; the centre".
- RIVERS
1. NB: Hé 河 is normally a proper name of Yellow River and its tributaries. [The term Huanghe was in use since the Han times. The river flows through the following provinces Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong. In the northeastern part of the Shandong province, it flows into the Bohai gulf.
2. Jiāng 江 is a proper name for the Yangtse River and its tributaries. [The greatest river of China. It flows through the following provinces and areas Xizang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu. Overall length 6300 km.]
3. Huái 淮 belonged to the Four Great Rivers of antiquity. It springs from the Dongbo mountains in the Henan province, and then flows through the Anhui and Jiangsu. There it flows into the Jiāng.
4. Zhè shǔi 浙水, Zhè jiāng 浙江 is an ancient name of the modern Qiántángjiāng 錢塘江. It is the greatest river of the modern Zhejiang province. It flows into the Hangzhou bay south of the city of Hangzhou. Overall length 450 km.
5. Xiāng shǔi 湘水 is the greatest river in the modern Hunan province. It springs from the western slopes of the Donghaiyang mountains [Guangxi], and then flows through the cities of Hengyang and Changsha into the Dongting lake. Overall length 817 km.
6. Mì luó shǔi 汩羅水 is the river in the northeastern part of the modern Hunan province. It springs from the Xiang mountains near the city of Ningzhou [the modern Jiangxi province]. The overall length 250 km. The poet Qu Yuan is said to commit suicide by throwing himself into this river.
7. Yuán jiāng 沅江 is the river in the western part of the modern Hunan province. It springs from the Yunwu mountains in the Guizhou, and then flows to the east into the Dongting lake. Overall length 993 km.
8. Xiāo xiāng 瀟湘 is another name for the Xiāng shǔi 湘水. The name sometimes refers to the middle part of the Xiāng shǔi, where it meets with the Xiāo shǔi 瀟水. Mentioned already in the Shanhaijing.
9. Luò shǔi 洛水 is the river in the modern Henan province. The name was originally writen like 雒, in the period of the Three kingdoms it has been changed to 洛. Its spring is located in the Luonan county in the Shaanxi province, then it flows to the East through the cities Luoning, Yiyang, and Luoyang. In the modern Gong county, it flows into the Huanghe.
10. Hàn shǔi 漢水, Hàn jiāng 漢江 is one of the most important rivers of ancient China. It springs from the Panzhong mountains in the modern Shaanxi province, then flows through the southern part of the Shaanxi, northwestern and central Hubei, and in the Hanyang city [Wuhan] it flows into the Changjiang. Overall length of the river is 1532 km.
11. Wèi shǔi 渭水, Wèi hé 渭河 is the most important tributary of the Huanghe. Its spring is located in the Niǎoshǔ 鳥鼠 mountains [Weiyuan county, Gansu province]. The river flows to the east, into the Huanghe. Its overall length is 787 km.
12. Jīng hé 涇河 is the northern tributary of the Wèi shǔi 渭水. It has two springs - the northern, which is located in the Pingliang, and the southern, located in Huating [both counties belong to the modern Gansu province]. The river flows into the Wèi shǔi 渭水 in the modern Gaoling county [Shaanxi province]. Its overall length is 451 km.
13. Lì zé 笠澤 is an original name of the later Sōng jiāng 松江. It springs from the Taihu lake, and flows to the east into the sea. An overall length of the river is 125 km.
14. Luòshǔi 洛水
15. Yīshǔi 伊水
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- MOUNTAINS
8. Qí shān 岐山 is located in the northeast of the modern Qishan district, Shaanxi province. It was also called Tiān zhǔ shān 天柱山 Fēnghuángduī4 風凰堆. Ancient Zhou centers were located close to this mountain. For this reason, Qí shān 岐山 is mentioned already in the Shijing.
9. Qíliánshān 祁連山 is another name for Tiānshān 天山. This mountain range is located in the southern and western part of the modern Xinjiang. It is divided into two groups - the northern in the central Xinjiang, and the southern in the southern Xinjiang. The former is identical with the modern Tiānshān 天山, the latter includes modern Kūnlúnshān 昆侖山, A3ěrjīnshān 阿爾金, and Qíliánshān 祁連山.These mountains are already mentioned in the Shiji, Xiongnu liezhuan.
10. D4àyǔlíng 大庾岭 refers to the mountains on the borders of the modern Jiangxi and Guangdong.
11. Yīnshān 陰山 refers to the mountains in the central part of the modern Inner Mongolia. Mentioned already in the Shiji.
12. Qínlíng 秦岭 is a mountain range dividing the northern and southern parts of China. It is also a water-shed dividing the drainage areas of the Weì 渭, Huái 淮, and Hàn 漢 rivers. It spreads from the borders of the Qinghai and Gansu to the central part of Henan. This range includes important mountains, such as Mínshān 岷山, Huàshān 華山, and Sǒngshān 嵩山. Qínlíng 秦岭 in the narrow sense refers to the part of the range in the modern Shaanxi.
13. Yānshān 燕山 refers to the mountains on the northern edge of the Hebei plains.
14. Wǔyíshān 武夷山 is the name of the mountains on the borders of the modern Jiangxi and Fujian provinces. The earliest references I have found are post-Han.
15. Taìhéngshān 太行山 refers to the mountain range on the borders of the modern Henan, Shanxi, and Hebei. In the south, it reaches to the Huanghe. The name already occurs in the texts of the Warring States period [YUGONG chapter in the SHANGSHU].
16. Kūnlúnshān 昆侖山 is the name of the mountains on the borders of the modern Xinjiang and Tibet. It runs from the east to the west in the length of 2500 km. It is already referred to in the texts of the Warring states and Han periods [SHANHAIJING, HUAINANZI, MU TIANZI ZHUAN].
17. Tiānshān 天山 are mountains in the central part of the modern Xinjiang. The name already occurs in the SHANHAIJING and HANSHU.
18. Jǐuzǐshān 九子山 is an ancient name of the Jiǔhuáshān 九華山 in the modern Qingyang county of the Anhui province. The latter name was in use since the Tang.
19. Dàbāshān 大巴山 refers to the mountains on the borders of the modern Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, and Hubei.
20. Yàndàngshān 雁蕩山 are the mountains in the southeastern part of the modern Zhejiang province.
21. Wūshān 巫山 is located on the borders of the modern Sichuan and Hubei. The Changjiang flows through its central part, creating famous Three gorges.
22. Jūnshān 君山 is the mountain in the center of the Dongting lake, modern Hunan province. Also called Dòngtíngshān 洞庭山.
23. Běimáng 北邙 is the mountain range in the modern Henan. Also called Mángshān 芒山, Běishān 北山.It runs from Sanmenxia in the West to the bank of the Yīluò river in the East. Since the Eastern Han, princes and high officers were buried on its slopes north to the Luoyang.
24. Běigùshān 北固山 is the mountain in the northeastern part of the modern city of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province.
25. Wúshān 吳山 is name of the three important mountains.
a. In the north of the Pinglu county, Shanxi province. According to HOUHANSHU, on the peak of it, there there was located the city of Yǔ 麌.
b. To the south-east of the Xihu lake in the Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province. In the Chunqiu period, it was the western border of the state of Wú, hence the name.
c. In the southwestern part of the Long county, Shaanxi province. According to ERYA, it was one of the Five sacred mountains, 五岳.
26. Dìngjūnshān 定軍山 is located in the southeatern part of the modern Mian county, Shaanxi province. In 219 A.D., near these mountains, army of Liu Bei defeated one of the Cao Caos generals.
27. Fúniúshān 伏牛山 is ancient name for the Jīnshān 金山, northwest to the modern city of Zhenjiang in the Jiangsu province. The latter name came to be used in the Tang. Also called Huófú 獲箙, Fúyù 浮玉 mountains.
28. Jiāoshān 焦山 is located to the northeast of the modern city of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province.
29. Tài sh1an 泰山 is the most important of the Five sacred mountains. It was also called Dōngyuè 東岳, Daìzōng 岱宗, Daìshān 岱山, Daìyuè 岱岳, Taìyuè 泰岳. It is located in the central part of the modern Shandong province. The mountain range runs from the eastern margin of the Dōngpíng 東平 lake in the northwestern direction to the modern Linbo city. It is about 200 km long. Since antiquity, Chinese rulers sacrificed on the Tài sh1an. The earliest evidence is in SHIJING.
30. Huàshān 華山 is the westernmost of the Five sacred peaks, henceforth it was also called Xīyuè 西岳. It is located in the southern part of the modern Yin county, Shaanxi province. Its height is 1997 m.
31. Héng shān �琱 sis the northernmost of the Five sacred peaks, henceforth it was also called Běiyuè 北岳.From the Han to the Ming, the sacred Héng shān �琱 swas located in the northwestern part of the modern Quyang county of the Hebei province.
32. Héng shān 衡山 is the southernmost of the Five sacred mountains, and is also called Nányuè 南岳. It is located in the modern Hengshan county in the Hunan province, and is 1290 m high, and several hundred km long. It is refered to already in SHANGSHU, SHUN DIAN.
33. Sōng shān 嵩山 is the central of the Five sacred peaks, and it was also called Sōngyuè 嵩岳. It belongs to the Fúniúshān 伏牛山 mountain range, and is located in the modern Dengfeng county in the Henan province. It is already mentioned in the SHIJING.
34. Niúzhǔshān 牛渚山 is the name of the mountains on the bank of the Changjiang in the northwestern part of the modern Dangtu county, Anhui province.
35. Bāgōngshān 八公山 are the mountains in the western part of the modern city of Huainan, Anhui province. It is located west of the Féishuǐ 淝水, and south of the Huáishǔi 淮水. In 383 A.D. famous battle of Feishui took place close to this mountain.
36. Jiǔyíshān 九疑山, also called Cāngyǔshān 蒼木吾山, are the mountains in the modern Ningyuan county in the Hunan province. According to the Shiji, the sage emperor Shun died and was buried there.
37. Chìchéngshān 赤城山 are the mountains in the northwestern part of the modern Tiantai, Zhejiang province. First mentioned in the Jin dynasty.
38. Lúshān 盧山 are the mountains in the southern part of the modern Jiujiang town, Jiangxi province. Also called Kuāngshān 匡山, Kuānglú 匡盧, Nánzhàng4shān 南障山. The name is already mentioned in the Han times. It is said that both Emperor Yu and First emperor climbed the mountains when travelling to the South.
39. Sh3ouyángshān 首陽山 are the mountains in the southern part of the modern Yongji county, Shanxi province. According to the tradition (for the first time mentioned in the LUNYU), it was in these mountains, where Boyi and Shuqi lived in hermitage. The mountains are already referred to in the SHIJING.
40. E2méishān 峨嵋山 is the name of the mountains in the southwestern part of the modern Emei county, Sichuan province. It is already mentioned in the HUAYANG GUOZHI of the Jin dynasty. It belongs to the four famous mountains of buddhism.
41. Qīngchéngshān 青城山 are the mountains in the southwestern part of the modern Guan county, Sichuan province. According to the tradition, it was there where in the Han times Zhang Daoling practiced dao.
42. Luófúshān 羅浮山 are the mountains on the north bank of the Dōngjiāng 東江 river in the modern Guangdong province. According to the tradition, during the Eastern Jin dynasty, Ge Hong practiced dao there.
- Word relations
- Epithet: (RIVER)三/THREE
The general word for "three" is sān 三 and this word has great syntactic flexibility, and only in a small minority of such usages can the graph be replaced by 參. - Assoc: (RIVER)海/SEA
The dominant word for the sea is hǎi 海. - Assoc: (RIVER)湖/LAKE
The current general word for a lake of any shape or kind is hú 湖, but that term does exclude the ocean.