DEFEND 保衛
SAFEGUARD so as to CAUSE NOT TO be DEFEATED WHEN ATTACKED OR ACCUSED.
Old Chinese Criteria
Modern Chinese Criteria
DEFEND [MIXED BAG!]
prohibere is to keep at a distance and to prevent the approach of something.
arcere is to bar the entry of something and to defend oneself against something.
defendere is to guard systematically against possible recurrent attack or approach.
DEFEND
tueri refers to a defense against a danger which is only possible, as "protect".
defendere refers to a defense against an actual attack, as the English "defend".
EXPEL Schulz 112
depellere is to defend oneself successfully against something by expelling it from where it already has made inroads.
propulsare is to defend oneself by expelling something by violent means.
Words (31 items)
守 shǒu OC: qhjuʔ MC: ɕɨu 31 Attributions
The standard word for defending a place is shǒu 守 (ant. gōng 攻 "attack").
- Word relations
- Result: 固/SAFE
Gù 固 (ant.* sōng 鬆 "not right and impregnable") refers specifically to the provision of natural or military defenses against possible enemies. - Ant: 攻/ATTACK
The generalword for any attack is gōng 攻 (ant. shǒu 守 "defend") which can be used in a general sense referring to all kinds of attack, although that word does also have the specific meaning of a pointed campaign against a certain locality. [GENERAL] - Epithet: 備/PROVIDE
The current general word for preparing something or supplying something in good time is bèi 備, and what is thus supplied is typically part of some larger scheme. - Oppos: 爭/FIGHT
The current general word for any form of conflict or competition is zhēng 爭 (ant. ràng 讓 "give polite precedence to"). However, the word specifically focusses on competition rather than physical violence.
- Syntactic words
- nabactdefensive warfare, defense
- vadNdefensive; guard- 守狗
- viactundertake defensive tasks; be in charge of the defence of the state
- vt(oN)defend the contextually determinate object
- vtoNdefend; guard; protect
- vtoNfigurativeact in defense and support of NCH
- vtoNpassivebe effectively defended
- vtoNreflexive.自defend (oneself)
備 bèi OC: brɯɡs MC: bi 29 Attributions
Bèi 備 is to make defensive arrangements.
- Word relations
- Conv: 患/DISASTER
Huàn 患 refers to any major or minor disaster, even down to minor irritations. - Object: 不虞/DISASTER
Bù yú 不虞 is normally a minor disaster that was utterly unexpected. - Object: 危/DANGER
The current standard general word for real objective as well as perceived imminent danger is wēi 危 (ant. ān 安 "peace"). - Contrast: 防/DEFEND
Fáng 防 refers to defending a concrete or abstract thing successfully. - Assoc: 防/DEFEND
Fáng 防 refers to defending a concrete or abstract thing successfully.
- Syntactic words
- ndefensive/protective contraptions of any kind
- nab.post-V{NUM}actdefensive preparations; necessary precautions, cautionary measures
- vtoNguard against; guard properly against; prepare against, put up defences against
- vtoNpassivebe guarded against
- vtoNreflexive.自defend (oneself)
捍 hàn OC: ɡaans MC: ɦɑn
扞 hàn OC: ɡaans MC: ɦɑn 8 Attributions
Hàn 扞/捍 is to try to resist an outside attack successfully.
- Syntactic words
- vadNdefensive
- vtoNprotect against, fend off, ward off; defend somebody; guard
殿 diàn OC: dɯɯns MC: den 8 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nagentrear guard
- vt[oN]to defend the rear; guard the rear
- vtoNserve as rear guard for
- vtoNcausativeuse as rearguard
防 fáng OC: baŋ MC: bi̯ɐŋ 5 Attributions
Fáng 防 refers to defending a concrete or abstract thing successfully.
- Word relations
- Contrast: 備/DEFEND
Bèi 備 is to make defensive arrangements. - Assoc: 備/DEFEND
Bèi 備 is to make defensive arrangements.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNguard against; put a stop to
屏 bǐng OC: peŋʔ MC: piɛŋ 5 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nscreen; protection
- vtoNto screen; to protect; to safeguard; be a fence for
防 fáng OC: baŋ MC: bi̯ɐŋ 4 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vtoNdike > protect; defend
衛 wèi OC: ɢods MC: ɦiɛi 3 Attributions
The standard general word for defending a community is wèi 衛(ant. gōng 攻 "attack").
- Syntactic words
- vtoNfend for and defend, take good professional care of (superiors); guard militarily
- vtoNreflexive.自defend oneselfCH
亢 kàng OC: khaaŋs MC: khɑŋ 3 Attributions
Kàng亢 typically refers to the mounting of a vigorous and energetic offensive defence against a violent attack.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNto protect; to defend vigorously
- vtoNreflexive.身defend (oneself)
保 bǎo OC: puuʔ MC: pɑu 3 Attributions
Bǎo 保 is to try to ensure the safety of one's place against a threat from outside.
- Word relations
- Assoc: 輔/HELP
Zuǒ 佐, yòu 佑 (deriving their meaning from the position of aides near the ruler), and also fǔ 輔 refer to official assistance in a formal context.
- Syntactic words
- vadNdefended> fortified
- viactdefend oneself, make defensive arrangements
- vt[oN]defend against enemiesLZ
- vtoNdefend against enemies and keep secure
屯 zhūn OC: tun MC: ʈʷin
屯 tún OC: duun MC: duo̝n 3 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- viestablish a defensive military camp
- vtoNN=placeencamp at to defend the place; establish a garrison at
守備 shǒu bèi OC: qhjuʔ brɯɡs MC: ɕɨu bi 3 Attributions
Refers generally to various defensive arrangements of all sorts.
- Syntactic words
- nabdefensive arrangements; protective preparations
障塞 zhàng sāi OC: kjaŋs sɯɯɡ MC: tɕi̯ɐŋ sək 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NPnonreferentialdefenses; blockages; impediments; defensive arrangements
表 biǎo OC: prawʔ MC: piɛu 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- nouter defense
捍蔽 hàn bì OC: ɡaans peds MC: ɦɑn piɛi 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NPabactdefense
豫 yù OC: las MC: ji̯ɤ
預 yù OC: las MC: ji̯ɤ 1 Attribution
Yù 豫 is to make defensive arrangements well ahead in time or in good time. See also PREPARE
- Syntactic words
- vtoNtake precautions against
障 zhàng OC: kjaŋs MC: tɕi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- vtoNreflexive.自defend (oneself)
守衛 shǒu wèi OC: qhjuʔ ɢods MC: ɕɨu ɦiɛi 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNreflexive.自defend (oneself)
防禦 fáng yù OC: baŋ ŋaʔ MC: bi̯ɐŋ ŋi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNdefend (something) in every way
- VPtoNreflexive.自defend (oneself)
戰備 zhàn bèi MC: tsyenH bijH OC: tjans brɯɡs 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NPdefensive/protective contraptions of any kindLZ
警守 jǐng shǒu OC: kreŋʔ qhjuʔ MC: kɣaŋ ɕɨu 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPiactmake cautious defensive preparations
營衛 yíng wèi MC: yweng -- OC: ɢʷleŋ ɢods 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NPdefensive guard, garrisonCH
戍 shù OC: qhjos MC: ɕi̯o 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- vtoNdefend as a garrison
守固 shǒu gù OC: qhjuʔ kaas MC: ɕɨu kuo̝ 1 Attribution
Refers to effective defense.
- Syntactic words
- VPiresultativeestablish defenses so as to make things secure
守圉 shǒu yǔ OC: qhjuʔ ŋaʔ MC: ɕɨu ŋi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
- 古辭辨 Gu ci bian
(
WANG FENGYANG 1993)
p.
729.1
- Syntactic words
- NPabactdefense
營 yíng OC: ɢʷleŋ MC: jiɛŋ 1 Attribution
- Word relations
- Assoc: 衛/DEFEND
The standard general word for defending a community is wèi 衛(ant. gōng 攻 "attack").
- Syntactic words
- vtoNdefend, protect (prototypically by surrounding and forming a defensive ring)
監 jiān OC: kraam MC: kɣam 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- vtoNguard (a gate)
門 mén OC: mɯɯn MC: muo̝n 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- viactdefend the gate
閑 xián OC: ɢreen MC: ɦɣɛn 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nsubject=humanprotector (GULIANG) ????
- vtoNto protect (MENG)
Click here to add pinyin MC: OC: 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NPdefensive guard, garrisonCH
禦 yù OC: ŋaʔ MC: ŋi̯ɤ 0 Attributions
Yù 禦 is to hinder attack effectively and successfully. See HINDER
- Syntactic words