RICH    富裕富

POSSESS MUCH PROPERTY.
WEALTHYAFFLUENTMONEYEDWELL OFFWELL-TO-DOPROSPEROUSOPULENTSILK-STOCKINGINFORMAL ROLLING IN MONEYROLLING IN ITROLLING IN (THE) DOUGHIN THE MONEYLOADEDFLUSHSTINKING RICHFILTHY RICHWELL-HEELEDMADE OF MONEY
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general word for wealth is fù 富 (ant. pín 貧 "poor"), and the word has a remarkably wide range of syntactic roles. 2. Sù fēng 素封 is an informal way of referring to substantial private wealth not conferred on one by the state. 3. Zé 澤 "riches, rich benefits" (ant. kùn 困 "hardship") is largely limited to nominal usages and belongs to an elevated stylistic level. 4. Yù 裕 "be generous to and make rich" (ant. jiǒng 窘 "impoverish") is marginal to the group. 5. Ráo 饒 (ant. jí 瘠 "weakened and exhausted") refers to richness of land, and is thus also marginal to the group.
Modern Chinese Criteria
富裕 富有 有錢 殷實 殷富 富貴 鼎貴 富足 富庶 豐足 富饒 豐饒 穰穰 豐盈 豐裕 豐厚 厚實 優裕 餘裕 寬裕 有落兒 充盈 紅火 小康　refers to a decent, fairly high standard of living. 富 寬 鬆 從容 方便 鬆動 活絡 寬綽 有餘 綽有餘裕 綽綽 家給人足 人給家足 豐衣足食 富埒王侯 富埒天子 萬貫家財 腰纏萬貫 堆金積玉 金玉滿堂 吃著不盡 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • WELFARE　BUREAUCRATICALLY MANAGED RICH:wealth AND HAPPINESS of a PEOPLE. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • POORLACK SUFFICIENT PROPERTY FOR a GOOD LIFE.
See also
  • ASSETIMPORTANT ENDURING PROPERTY. 
  • WEALTHBIG PROPERTY.
Hypernym
  • POSSESS　HAVE BECAUSE of a RIGHT to HAVE. (anc: 6/0, child: 1)
  • HAVE　RELATION to something such that it BE-IN:is in one OR is CONTROLLED by one. (anc: 5/0, child: 5)
  • RELATION　FEATURE of TWO OR MORE THINGS TOGETHER. (anc: 4/0, child: 15)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 11.51

  • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 451

    ABUNDARE

    necessariorum ultra necessitatem habere.

    Axiom: Melius est abundare qvam deficere. (qvia melius est esse, qvam non esse)

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 35

    DIVES, LOCUPLES

    137. Rectius forte Fronto: Dives, quia dividendi facultatem habet. Varro a divo deducit.

    -- Locorum. Sic fere Fronto, IX Terent., Scaurus; et ipse Etymolog. lib. X, littera L.

    Ibid. Vat., quasi loci plenus. [AREV.]

    ]

    137. Inter Divitem et locupletem. Dives est pecuniis, locuples [ Al., locis plenus] autem fundis, quasi locorum divitiis plenus.

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    RICH

    divitiae is a general abstract term referring to material wealth.

    gazae is a somewhat more concrete term referring to the things constituting one's material wealth, the treasures that form the material base of wealth.

    opes refers to resources of wealth in so far as these enable one to attain further or higher aims than those of wealth as such.

    dives refers to a person who is rich rather than poor.

    locuples refers to a person who is comfortably well off rather than needy.

    opulentus refers to a person whe is extremely or notoriously well off rather than merely comfortable.

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 164

  • “荀子”單音節形容詞同義關係研究 ( HUANG XIAODONG 2003) p. 128

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    DIVITIAE

    PROSPERITAS

  • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 222ff

  • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

    WEALTH

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.359

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 120A

    • Words (31 items)

    富  fù OC: pɯɡs MC: pɨu 133 Attributions

    The general word for wealth is fù 富 (ant. pín 貧 "poor"), and the word has a remarkably wide range of syntactic roles.

      Word relations
    • Subject: 國/STATE The dominant word is guó 國, and the word naturally focusses on the capital which defines the identity of the state, but from Warring States times the word does refer to the whole of the territory, as the term guó xiāo 國削 "the state was truncated" shows.
    • Ant: 急/NEED Jí 急 (ant.* yǒu yú 有餘 "have more than enough") refers to a desperate state which can be said to be a state where one is in need of help and supplies.
    • Ant: 貧/POOR The current general word for poverty is pín 貧 (ant. fù 富 "rich"), but the term does not in general refer to transitory poverty.
    • Ant: 賤/HUMBLE Jiàn 賤 (ant. 貴 "objectively of high standard, but also personally and subjectively judged to deserve this high status") typically adds to the notion of objectively judged low status that of subjectively appreciated moral decrepitude.
    • Contrast: 財/PROPERTY The current very general term for moveable property and particularly things for daily use is cái 財.
    • Contrast: 饒/RICH Ráo 饒 (ant. jí 瘠 "weakened and exhausted") refers to richness of land, and is thus also marginal to the group.
    • Contrast: 強 / 強/STRONG The current general word for the temporary state of strength, physical or political, are qiáng 強 (ant. ruò 弱 "weak").
    • Contrast: 貴/NOBLE Guì 貴 (ant. jiàn 賤 "of low character") adds to the notion of high social status that of subjectively appreciated nobility of character. [HIGH-DEGREE], [PERSONAL], [SUBJECTIVE]
    • Assoc: 殖/FLOURISH
    • Assoc: 貴/NOBLE Guì 貴 (ant. jiàn 賤 "of low character") adds to the notion of high social status that of subjectively appreciated nobility of character. [HIGH-DEGREE], [PERSONAL], [SUBJECTIVE]
    • Synon: 豐/RICH
    • Relat: 求/SEEK The current general word for trying to find or get something is qiú 求.

      Syntactic words
    • nabconcept(the feature of) richness (as such)CH
    • nabprocessthe getting rich
    • nabstativeway of being rich; being rich, the state of being wealthy, wealth
    • nmgreat wealth; sometimes more generally: abundant supply of things, signs of wealth
    • v[adN]nonreferentialthe rich, the wealthy
    • vadNwealthy
    • vibe richCH
    • vichangeget rich; get richer; try to get richer
    • vifigurativebe rich in meaning or significance
    • vigradedbe wealthy; have independent wealth
    • vt(oN)causativecause the contextually determinate N to become rich
    • vt+prep+Ngradedbe richer than
    • vtoNcausativemake rich
    • vtoNpassive causative: be made richLZ
    裕  yù OC: k-loɡs MC: ji̯o 9 Attributions

    Yù 裕 "be generous to and make rich" (ant. jiǒng 窘 "impoverish") is marginal to the group.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativecause to be rich SHU
    • vtoNreflexive.自figurative, conative: try to better one's own situation;CH
    足  zú OC: tsoɡs MC: tsi̯o 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe sufficiently well off, have enough to live on
    饒  ráo OC: nɢjew MC: ȵiɛu 4 Attributions

    Ráo 饒 (ant. jí 瘠 "weakened and exhausted") refers to richness of land, and is thus also marginal to the group.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 富/RICH The general word for wealth is fù 富 (ant. pín 貧 "poor"), and the word has a remarkably wide range of syntactic roles.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNrich > abundant
    • vibe rich
    • vtoNhave great wealth of N
    • vtoNcausativecause to become rich
    豪富  háo fù OC: ɡoow pɯɡs MC: ɦɑu pɨu 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]pluralvery wealthy people; very wealthy family; very wealhy circumstances
    • VPadNrich
    財富  cái fù OC: sɡɯɯ pɯɡs MC: dzəi pɨu 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPmwealth
    • VPibe wealthy
    殷富  yīn fù OC: qɯn pɯɡs MC: ʔɨn pɨu 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNrich, affluent
    • VPibe affluent, be abundantly well-supplied
    • VPi0there is affluence SHIJI 海內殷富
    • VPichangebecome affluent
    滿  mǎn MC: manX OC: mboonʔ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • virich, wealthy, well offLZ
    澤  zé OC: ɡrlaaɡ MC: ɖɣɛk 3 Attributions

    Zé 澤"riches, rich benefits" (ant. kùn 困 "hardship") is largely limited to nominal usages and belongs to an elevated stylistic level.

      Syntactic words
    • nabfeatureabundant wealth, abundant resources; riches; bounty
    福  fú MC: pjuwk OC: pɯɡ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabsocialprosperityCH
    • viinchoativebecome prosperous; reach prosperityDS
    肉食者  ròu shí zhě OC: njuɡ ɢljɯɡ kljaʔ MC: ȵuk ʑɨk tɕɣɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialthe meat-eating rich
    豐  fēng OC: phuŋ MC: phuŋ 2 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 耗/POOR
    • Synon: 富/RICH The general word for wealth is fù 富 (ant. pín 貧 "poor"), and the word has a remarkably wide range of syntactic roles.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativemake rich; make richer 豐國
    貨  huò OC: hŋʷaals MC: hʷɑ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabmaterial motivation; vision of richnessDS
    • vibe rich
    富足  fù zú OC: pɯɡs tsoɡ MC: pɨu tsi̯ok 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe in abundance; be in rich sufficient supply
    富人  fù rén MC: pjuwH nyin OC: pɯɡs njin 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPthe richLZ
    • NP{PRED}be a wealthy manLZ
    富溢  fù yì OC: pɯɡs k-liɡ MC: pɨu jit 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabstativewealth SHIJI
    貲  zī OC: tse MC: tsiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nadNpropertied> wealthy
    豪首  háo shǒu OC: ɡoow qhljuʔ MC: ɦɑu ɕɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPwealthy home, wealthy family background HYDCD: 1.豪富的人家。
    富財  fù cái OC: pɯɡs sɡɯɯ MC: pɨu dzəi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe rich; have many assets
    • VPifigurativehave acquired moral wealth as a result of pure action ???
    巨富  jù fù OC: ɡaʔ pɯɡs MC: gi̯ɤ pɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe hugely wealthy
    利  lì OC: rids MC: li 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabwealth, riches, resources
    貧富  pín fù OC: brɯn pɯɡs MC: bin pɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPab{nab1ant.nab2}featurewealth; material conditions in general
    殷  yīn OC: qɯn MC: ʔɨn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabstativeabundanceLZ
    • vibe abundantly supplied SHIJI: 家殷人足 "families are rich and people have sufficient supplies"
    • vi0there is wealth SHIJI: 海內殷富"within the four seas there is abundance and wealth"
    • vtoNcausativemake rich 殷民 FAYAN: 務在殷民阜財 "the purpose is in giving ample supplies to the people and making their supplies abundant".
    泰  tài OC: thaads MC: thɑi 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Ant: 約/POOR Yuē 約 (ant. chuò 綽 "be abundantly supplied") refers to mild poverty or straightened circumstances.

      Syntactic words
    • vibe excessively rich
    富厚  fù hòu MC: pjuwH huwX OC: pɯɡs ɡooʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe opulently richLZ
    素封  sù fēng OC: saas poŋ MC: suo̝ pi̯oŋ 0 Attributions

    Sù fēng 素封is an informal way of referring to substantial private wealth not conferred on one by the state.

      Syntactic words
    • NP{vadN}SHIJI: wealth gained without the aid of any official appointment, private wealth
    富貧  fù pín OC: pɯɡs brɯn MC: pɨu bin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeaturerichness or poverty> relative wealth
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • virich, wealthy, well offLZ
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • virich, wealthy, well offLZ
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • virich, wealthy, well offLZ
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • virich, wealthy, well offLZ