COMMAND    命令令

ADDRESS someone, USING AUTHORITY, INTENDING to CAUSE that person to ACT RESEMBLE:as one INTENDS him to ACT.
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Old Chinese Criteria
1. The standard current word for a command is lìng 令, and the content (not the words) of the command is typically in the sentence that follows. We do not find: 令曰, and it is significant that lìng 令 also regularly means "to cause to". 2. Mìng 命 is typically an order from a person of high, perhaps even supernatural, authority, and what follows are often the words used to express the order. 命曰. Mìng 命 is an order on a higher level than lìng 令. 3. Shǐ 使 often refers to a superior getting or sending subordinates to do something by an order, but this word never focusses on the form of words used. See SEND, CAUSE TO 4. Zhì 制 is a formalised administrative instruction on procedure. 5. Huī 麾 is an order given prototypically by signal of the hand, and in the process of a battle. 6. Hào 號 is a publicly proclaimed political command or instruction. 7. Wèi 謂 is simply a way of telling someone to do something, informally or formally, but without the formal force of a rigid order. 8. Chì 敕 / 飭 is an order from a person in an elevated position, and in post-Buddhist times chì 敕 came to refer standardly to imperial orders.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 GOVERNMENT/LAW 10. 命，先秦是皇帝詔令的通稱。 令，就特定之事發出的告示；特指皇后、太子或諸王所出者。 制，秦時規定命為制，即有關重大事件的政令。 詔，秦以後成為皇帝所發文告的通稱。 誥，本是一種訓誡勉勵的號令、文告，秦以前上下皆有誥，漢以後專用於帝王命官授職等的文告。 敕，南北朝以下，專指君主所發對特定對象的詔令。
Modern Chinese Criteria
命令 is the current word referring to any order or command, and is commonly used as a noun as well as a verb. 令 is the current colloquial word for any informal order. 下令 refers to any formal institutional command. 指令 refers in a literary way to a formal order. 申令 refers in a literary style to the publication of a formal order. 通令 refers to a general order, and is common both as a noun and as a verb. 飭令 refers in highly literary way to an imperial or highly bureaucratic order. 傳令 focusses on the transmission or propagation of an order. 授命 focusses on the transmission of an order to its recipient. 命 is a classical word referring to a public order. 飭 is an obsolescent archaising word for a formal imperial order. 發號施令 is a proverbial expression referring generally to the issuing of orders. 三令五申 is an old-fashioned proverbial expression referring in general to the issuing of all sorts of orders. 吩咐 refers to enjoining someone familiar to do something. 叮囑 refers to enjoinging someone familiar to do something repeatedly 囑託 refers to giving a responsibility for some act to someone. 囑咐 refers to enjoining and encouraging an inferior to do something. rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • DECREE　PUBLIC COMMAND ISSUED by the RULER OR by HIGH AUTHORITY. (anc: 16/0, child: 0)
  • DEPLOY　COMMAND an ARMY to ACT:engage in WARFARE. (anc: 16/0, child: 0)
  • EMPLOY　COMMAND to ACT:do PAID WORK FOR ONESELF. (anc: 16/0, child: 1)
  • LAW　GROUP of ENDURING PUBLIC COMMANDS SHOULD:obligatory FOR ALL MEMBERS of a STATE. (anc: 16/0, child: 3)
  • SUMMON　COMMAND to COME to a SUPERIOR, OFTEN TOGETHER with OTHERS. (anc: 16/0, child: 0)
  • FORBID　COMMAND NOT to ACT:do something. (anc: 16/0, child: 1)
  • SEND　COMMAND OR CAUSE something OR someone to MOVE OR BE MOVED to a PLACE. (anc: 16/0, child: 2)
  • DON'T　COMMAND that one SHOULD NOT to ACT in a DEFINED way. (anc: 16/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • FORBIDCOMMAND NOT to ACT:do something.
See also
  • CAUSE TOMOVE in SUCH a way that THEREFORE someone or something else CHANGES.
  • ORDERLYAPPROPRIATE as to how the MANY PARTS of something SHOULD BE.
Hypernym
  • ADDRESS　SPEAK OR WRITE INTENDING ANOTHER TO HEAR OR READ AND TO REACT to IT.  (anc: 14/0, child: 23)
  • WRITE　PRODUCE a DOCUMENT. (anc: 13/0, child: 4)
  • PRODUCE　ACT so as to DELIBERATELY CAUSE something to BEGIN to EXIST. (anc: 12/0, child: 17)
Other Hypernyms
  • ADDRESSnew-b2b104ff-6112-4947-b104-ff611229470d　SPEAK OR WRITE INTENDING ANOTHER TO HEAR OR READ AND TO REACT to IT.  (anc: 13/0, child: 23)
  • SPEAK　ACT so as to USE WORDS FOR SHOWING MEANING.*Speech by speaker X, directed towards audience Y, in order to communicate message Z. (anc: 12/0, child: 32)
  • ACT　MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 19.45

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 251

    304. Inter Jubere et imperare. Jubere apud veteres non idem erat quod imperare; nam jubere ibi dicebatur, ubi voluntatis erat obsequium; imperare autem, ubi debito [ Al., dubio] quisque imperio parebat.

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    COMMAND

    iubere means "to bid, tocommand" merely in consequence of one's own wish or will.

    imperare is to cammand by virtue of a military or political authority.

    praecipere is to enjoin by virtue of one's authority as a teacher or as a person of culture.

    mandare is to charge someone with a task because of one's confidence in that person.

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 127

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 89

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    MANDATUM

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 1 and 130

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 1775

  • Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 13

  • "Sachwoerterbuch zum Alten China" ( UNGER SACH) p.

    MANDAT

  • 東漢﹣隨常用詞演變研究 ( WANG WEIHUI 2000) p. 189

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 112

    1. Zhu1 Ju4nshe1ng already noticed the non-logocentric nature of the order called li4ng 令, as WL points out, but the crucial point that even in the case of a verbal command, li4ng 令 still does not focus on that verbal element and cannot be followed by a verb of saying.

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 120

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.166.125

    COMMANDEMENT.ORDRE.PRECEPTE.INJONCTION.JUSSION

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.275

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 56B

    • Words (55 items)

    使  shǐ OC: srɯʔ MC: ʂɨ 172 Attributions

    Shǐ 使 often refer to a superior getting or sending subordinates to do something by an order, but this word never focusses on the form of words used. See SEND, CAUSE TO

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 敕 / 敕/COMMAND Chì 敕/飭 is an order from a person in an elevated position, and in post-Buddhist times chì 敕 came to refer standardly to imperial orders.

      Syntactic words
    • DELETEomgive orders to V
    • nab.adVwith one's commands/dispositionsCH
    • nabactcommand; order
    • viactgive orders, order people about
    • vt+V[0]command that there be V-ing; command that one should V
    • vt[oN]order people aboutCH
    • vtoNorder about
    • vtt(oN.)+V[0]command a contextually determinate person (to do something)
    • vtt[oN.]+V[0]give orders to, order someone to V (NB: the "someone" is omitted but specified in the lexicon. This is not a case of the context allowing one to identify a person.)
    • vttoN(.+V[0])order a person to do a contextually determinate thing
    • vttoN.+V[0]pivotensure that someone does something> order someone to do something; dispatch someone to do something
    命  mìng OC: mɢreŋs MC: mɣaŋ 114 Attributions

    Mìng 命 is typically an order from a person of high, perhaps even supernatural, authority, and the what follows are often the words used to express the order. 命曰. Mìng 命 is an order on a higher level than lìng 令.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 誓/PUBLICISE Shì 誓 "proclaim" refers to a proclamation which may be directed at certain sections of society only or to a currently present public. especially a military public. [DESCENDING], [ELEVATED], [FORMAL]

      Syntactic words
    • nab.post-Nofficial order (from N)CH
    • nab.post-V{NUM}actpublic general command with legal force
    • nab[post-N]mandate [from Heaven]CH
    • nabconceptcommand
    • nabroyalroyal or imperial order, something that is by the higher order (from somebody)
    • nabtextorder (to a certain person or group); a specific order to do something
    • vadVby official order;authorised by commands from superiors 命而往
    • vt(+V[0]）give orders to do the contextually determiante thing
    • vt(oN)give orders to the contextually determinate person N (often the speaker)
    • vt+prep+Nbe in command of
    • vt+V[0]give orders to V
    • vtoNcommand (an undertaking)
    • vtoNcommission N, order the performance of the official act NCH
    • vtoNN=humanissue orders of duty to
    • vtoNpassivebe ordered, be commanded; receive a charge
    • vtoSissue a command/decree to the effect S; issue the imperative decree SCH
    • vtt(oN.)+V[0]give orders to a contextually determinate subordinate to V
    • vtt[oN.+V[0]]issue commands, issue any command
    • vtt[oN.]+V[0]give orders [to the speaker] to V
    • vttoN.+V[0]passivebe ordered to V by a contextually determinate person
    • vttoN.+V[0]pivotorder formally (typically at a general or rather formal level) the N to V
    • vttoN1.post-vt(oN2)omgive a determinate command (to someone)
    • vtt{PASS}+prep+N{SUBJ}.+Vpassivebe ordered by N to V
    令  lìng OC: ɡ-reŋs MC: liɛŋ 94 Attributions

    The standard current word for a command is lìng 令, and the content (not the words) of the command is typically in the sentence that follows. We do not find: 令曰, and it is significant that lìng 令 also regularly means "to cause to".

      Word relations
    • Ant: 禁/FORBID The current dominant general word referring to public prohibition is jìn 禁 (ant. quàn 勸 "encourage").
    • Object: 出/ISSUE
    • Object: 布/ISSUE
    • Object: 循/OBEY
    • Object: 行/ACT The current general word for any deliberate action one may be held morally and/or administratively responsible for is xíng 行 (ant. zhǐ 止 "decide not to take action"). The nominal entries have the old reading xìng. [COMMENDATORY!], [GENERAL], [HABITUAL], [RESPONSIBLE]
    • Object: 施/ACT
    • Epithet: 君/RULER Jūn 君 (ant. chén 臣 "minister") refers specifically to someone who is politically or administratively in charge of others as a ruler.
    • Contrast: 教/COMMAND
    • Contrast: 法/LAW The current general word for a law, a legal system or any legal provision of any kind is fǎ 法.
    • Assoc: 教/TEACH The current general word for training, instructing, and disciplining others is jiào 教 (ant. xué 學 "study") and the standard main aim of jiào 教 is unquestioning obedience, professional skill, and intellectual conformity to the standard set by the teacher, and the word connotes use of authority and sometimes even coercion. The primary aim of jiào 教 is action conforming to a standard, and the word is commonly nominalised.
    • Assoc: 禁/FORBID The current dominant general word referring to public prohibition is jìn 禁 (ant. quàn 勸 "encourage").
    • Assoc: 號/COMMAND Hào 號 is a publicly proclaimed political command or instruction.
    • Assoc: 詔/TEACH Zhào 詔 refers to instruction by means of useful information or warning.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactcommand, order
    • vt+prep+Nperfectivegive orders to N, issue orders to
    • vt+V[0]order (an event to occur. e.g. it to rain) (often indistinguishable form "to cause")
    • vtoNissue effective orders to: to command, to order; to order officially; issue an order to (ministers etc)
    • vtoN.+VtoSissue a command (to someone inferior) (saying:...)
    • vtoNobject=eventcommand (the occurrence of an event)
    • vtoSorder that
    • vtoSimperativeorder that S!CH
    • vtt(oN.)+V[0]order a contextually determinate subordinate (to do something)
    • vtt(oN.)+V[0]passivebe ordered to V
    • vtt+prep+N.+VtoSissue a command to N (saying S)
    • vtt[oN.+V[0]]send out effective commands [to some people to do something]
    • vttoN(.+V[0])pivotcommand the subject to carry out a contextually determinate action
    • vttoN.+V[0]pivotcommand (the SUBJECT to PREDICATE, on a level inferior to lìng 令)
    天命  tiān mìng OC: lʰiin mɢreŋs MC: then mɣaŋ 22 Attributions

    command from (personified) Heaven

      Syntactic words
    • NPabcommand from Heaven, heavenly moral decree (on any subject)
    • NPab.adVby the commands of Heaven, using the commands of Heaven as a standard
    號令  hào lìng OC: ɢluus ɡ-reŋs MC: ɦɑu liɛŋ 15 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabnonreferentialorders; commands of all kinds
    • NPpluralofficial commands, official orders of all kinds
    • VPtoNorder, issue an order to
    政令  zhèng lìng OC: tjeŋs ɡ-reŋ MC: tɕiɛŋ liɛŋ 12 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactadministrative orders
    敕  chì OC: rʰɯɡ MC: ʈhɨk
    敕  chì OC:  MC: ʈhɨk 12 Attributions

    Chì 敕/飭 is an order from a person in an elevated position, and in post-Buddhist times chì 敕 came to refer standardly to imperial orders.

      Word relations

      Syntactic words
    • nabactorder
    • vtoNin Han times: (of person in high position:) issue a command
    • vtoN.+Vcommand N and say:...
    • vtt(oN.)+V[0]order there to be V-ing
    • vttoN.+Scommand N to the effect that S
    • vttoN.+V[0]pivottell (someone to do something)
    教  jiào OC: kruus MC: kɣɛu 9 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 令/COMMAND The standard current word for a command is lìng 令, and the content (not the words) of the command is typically in the sentence that follows. We do not find: 令曰, and it is significant that lìng 令 also regularly means "to cause to".

      Syntactic words
    • nabactan instruction
    • vt[oN]command, drill
    • vtt(oN.)+V[0]instruct the contextually determinate N to V
    • vttoN.+V[0]instruct N to V
    號  hào OC: ɢluus MC: ɦɑu 7 Attributions

    Hào 號 is a publicly proclaimed political command or instruction.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 令/COMMAND The standard current word for a command is lìng 令, and the content (not the words) of the command is typically in the sentence that follows. We do not find: 令曰, and it is significant that lìng 令 also regularly means "to cause to".

      Syntactic words
    • nabtextpublicly proclaimed command, proclamation; order
    • vtt(oN.)+V[0]proclaim an order in public that the contextually determinate N should V
    謂  wèi OC: ɢuds MC: ɦɨi 7 Attributions

    Wèi 謂 is simply a way of telling someone to do something, informally or formally, but without the formal force of a rigid order.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNgive commands to (someone)
    • vtoN.+VtoScommand, tell to 謂x曰：。。。told X "You must..."
    • vttoN.+Stell N to ensure that SCH
    • vttoN.+V[0]pivotto address (somebody) and make him to do something; tell (somebody) (to do something)
    指麾  zhǐ huī OC: kjiʔ hmral MC: tɕi hiɛ
    指揮  zhǐ huī OC: kjiʔ qhul MC: tɕi hɨi 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt[oN]issue commands, order people about
    禁  jìn OC: krɯms MC: kim 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabtextprohibition, order containing a formal prohibition
    遣  qiǎn OC: khenʔ MC: khiɛn 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtt(oN.)+V[0]command a contextually determinate person do perform the action V
    • vttoN.+V[0]command N to V
    麾  huī OC: hmral MC: hiɛ 4 Attributions

    Huī 麾 is an order given prototypically by signal of the hand, and in the process of a battle.

      Syntactic words
    • vadVby signals of the hand; by getures of commandCH
    • vt[oN]give commands by signaling
    • vtoNgive a signal to; command through signals; hold overall command of (an army)
    語  yù OC: ŋas MC: ŋi̯ɤ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtt(oN.)+V[0]tell the contextually determinate person N to V
    • vtt(oN.)+VtoSto tell the contextually determined N the followingDS
    • vttoN.+V[0]tell N to V
    制令  zhì lìng líng MC: tsyejH ljeng OC: kjeds ɡ-reŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabtextwritten decision and orders by the relevant authoritiesCH
    也  yě MC: dzyoX OC: lalʔ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • ppostadV(0)勿內也"He is not to be let in!": judgment-based imperative, imperative implying a judgment that the order is the right one to giveCH
    制  zhì OC: kjeds MC: tɕiɛi 3 Attributions

    Zhì 制 is a formalised administrative instruction on procedure.

      Syntactic words
    • nabtextadministrative bureaucratic directive, edict
    • vtoNdetermine as the final decision; HF 9.2.37: (ministers) take effective control of (matters at court)
    告  gào OC: kuuɡs MC: kɑu 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtt(oN.) V(0)command the contextually determinate N to VCH
    • vttoN.+V[0]pivotcommand that S
    呼  hū OC: qhaa MC: huo̝ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtt(oN.)+V[0]command the contextually determinate N to V
    • vttoN.+V[0]command N to V
    • vttoN.+V[0]omarchaic: call upon (someone) (to do something)
    指  zhǐ OC: kjiʔ MC: tɕi 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabtextinstructions
    • vt[oN]order about, directCH
    法  fǎ OC: pab MC: pi̯ɐp 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabtextmilitary orders
    約  yuē OC: qplewɡ MC: ʔi̯ɐk 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNarrange for, make arrangements for 約車
    教令  jiào lìng OC: kruus ɡ-reŋs MC: kɣɛu liɛŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactinstructions
    • VPtt(oN.)+V[0]cause the contextually determinate N to V
    以  yǐ MC: yiX OC: k-lɯʔLZ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vttoN. V[0]pivotto charge N with V-ingLZ
    俾  bǐ OC: peʔ MC: piɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcommand, direct someone to do something
    • vtoN(.+V[0])N=pivotcommand N to do a contextually determinate actionDS
    • vtt(oN.)+V[0]order the contextually determinate N to VCH
    • vttoN.+V[0]comand N to V
    宣令  xuān lìng OC: sqon ɡ-reŋ MC: siɛn liɛŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoSpublish orders to the effect that S
    • VPttoN.+Scommand N to the effect that S
    君命  jūn mìng OC: klun mɢreŋs MC: ki̯un mɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVby the ruler's command
    告令  gào lìng OC: kuuɡs ɡ-reŋ MC: kɑu liɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPttoN.+V[0]order N to V
    禁令  jìn lìng OC: krɯms ɡ-reŋ MC: kim liɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabsocialprohibitions and commands> legal rules or commands
    命令  mìng lìng OC: mɢreŋs ɡ-reŋ MC: mɣaŋ liɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtt(oN.)+V[0]order the contextually determinate N to V
    詔令  zhào lìng OC: kljews ɡ-reŋs MC: tɕiɛu liɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNgive all sorts of sovereign orders to
    敕使  chì shǐ OC: rʰɯɡ srɯʔ MC: ʈhɨk ʂɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtt(oN.)+V[0]order the contextually determinate N to V
    教使  jiào shǐ OC: kruus srɯʔ MC: kɣɛu ʂɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtt(oN.)+V[0]cause the contextually determinate N to V
    言教  yán jiào OC: ŋan kruus MC: ŋi̯ɐn kɣɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactcommand
    誥命  gào mìng MC: kawH mjaengH OC: kuuɡs mɢreŋs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralDCD 1: commands and declamationsCH
    教敕  jiào chì OC: kruus rʰɯɡ MC: kɣɛu ʈhɨk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactorder, command, instruction
    發命  fā mìng OC: pod mɢreŋs MC: pi̯ɐt mɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+prep+N.+VtoSissue a command to N to the effect that S
    誡敕  jiè chì OC: krɯɯɡs rʰɯɡ MC: kɣɛi ʈhɨk
    誡敕  jiè chì OC: krɯɯɡs MC: kɣɛi ʈhɨk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vttoN.+SS=direct.speechinstruct N using the words S
    調發  diào fā OC: dɯɯws pod MC: deu pi̯ɐt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNorder about (the people as corvee labourers)
    付  fù OC: pos MC: pi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtt(oN1.)+N2give orders regarding N2 to the contextually determinate N1
    教訓  jiào xùn OC: kruus qhuns MC: kɣɛu hi̯un 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPab{N1=N2}pluralcommands
    責令  zé zé zhài lìng MC: tsreak ljengH  OC: skreeɡ ɡ-reŋs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtt(oN.) V[0]pivotgive official orders for N to VCH
    仰使  yǎng shǐ OC: ŋaŋʔ srɯʔ MC: ŋi̯ɐŋ ʂɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtt(oN.)+V[0]command N to V
    形名  xíng míng MC: heng mjieng OC: ɡeeŋ meŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabcommands of various kinds < 形 = commands made with banners; 名 = commands made with drums and bells (see HDC)DS
    戒  jiè OC: krɯɯɡs MC: kɣɛi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabtextinjunction, precept; instructions
    曰  yuē OC: ɢʷad MC: ɦi̯ɐt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNPab{S}to order, that...
    祝  zhù OC: tjuɡ MC: tɕuk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN.+V[0]enjoin N, saying S
    經戒  jīng jiè OC: keeŋ krɯɯɡs MC: keŋ kɣɛi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabtextauthoritative precepts
    飭  chì OC: khrlɯɡ MC: ʈhɨk 0 Attributions

    Chì 敕/飭 is an order from a person in an elevated position, and in post-Buddhist times chì 敕 came to refer standardly to imperial orders.

      Syntactic words
    • nabtextGY: order, command
    大命  dà mìng OC: daads mɢreŋs MC: dɑi mɣaŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP[post-Npro2]your great command
    哉  zāi OC: skɯɯ MC: tsəi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    檄  xí OC: ɡleeɡ MC: ɦek 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabtextwritten military command
    使命  shǐ mìng OC: srɯʔ mɢreŋs MC: ʂɨ mɣaŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactcommand
    • VPtoNpassivebe ordered
    驅使  qū shǐ OC: kho srɯʔ MC: khi̯o ʂɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactbeing ordered about