COURT  朝廷庭

PUBLIC-BUILDING in which the RULER ACTS:conducts GOVERNMENT. See also LAWCOURT.
ROYAL RESIDENCEPALACECASTLECHATEAU
Hypernym
  • PUBLIC BUILDINGBUILDING USED by OFFICIALS FOR WORK.
    • BUILDINGBIG ARTEFACT PRODUCED FOR HUMANS OR ANIMALS to DWELL in OR BE-IN, or MOVE ON.
See also
  • LAWCOURTPUBLIC BUILDING USED FOR the ADMINISTRATION of LITIGATION.
    Old Chinese Criteria
    1. The current dominant word for the royal court with its courtyard as a building complex is tíng 廷 / 庭, although the same word can also be used to refer to the courtyard as opposed to the main court building, i.e. the yard in front of the táng 堂. According to ZHENGZITONG, tíng 廷 / 庭 were originally unroofed, later they were covered with a roof. See also COURTYARD.

    2. Cháo 朝 refers to the court as the venue of court asemblies rather than as the building as such. See also TEMPLE

    3. Táng 堂 is sometimes used to refer specifically to the (typically elevated) main hall at court, but the word is more common as the general term for "main hall". It seems that táng 堂 served mainly ceremonial and since the Warring States also political purposes. From Han times táng 堂 in its original meaning was replaced by diàn 殿.

    4. Diàn 殿 is a Han time bureaucratic term for a large and high hall, often used for audiences, in the palace or in the temple. In this meaning the word came to use in the late Warring States, and in Han times replaced term táng 堂.

    黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
    HUANG JINGUI 2006

    ARCHITECTURE 3.

    朝，本指廷下的廣場，後作泛稱；

    廷，本指宮殿中大空間的廳堂，後作通稱。戰國前實行五門三朝制。

    三朝後的宮室區，稱 “ 寢 ” ，又稱 “ 路寢 ” ，春秋戰國之際，漸有聽政治政之用； “ 堂 ” 集中反映此作用， “ 寢 ” 、 “ 堂 ” 與他詞連用，均可指稱朝廷。

    “ 廟 ” 可作君王殿堂的雅稱，單用或與他詞連用，也代稱朝廷。

    Modern Chinese Criteria
    朝廷

    宮廷

    內廷

    魏闕

    闕下

    廊廟

    廟堂

    王室

    朝

    廷

    rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

    Words

    朝  cháo OC: daw MC: ɖiɛu 47 AttributionsWD

    Cháo 朝 refers to the court as the venue of court asemblies rather than as the building as such. See also TEMPLE

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 市/MARKET The current general term for a market is shì 市.
    • Assoc: 廷 / 庭/COURT The current dominant word for the royal court with its courtyard as a building complex is tíng 廷/庭, although the same word can also be used to refer to the courtyard as opposed to the main court building, i.e. the yard in front of the táng 堂. According to ZHENGZITONG, tíng 廷/庭 were originally unroofed, later they were covered with a roof. See also COURTYARD.
    • Synon: 國/STATE The dominant word is guó 國, and the word naturally focusses on the capital which defines the identity of the state, but from Warring States times the word does refer to the whole of the territory, as the term guó xiāo 國削 "the state was truncated" shows.
    • Synon: 廷 / 庭/COURT The current dominant word for the royal court with its courtyard as a building complex is tíng 廷/庭, although the same word can also be used to refer to the courtyard as opposed to the main court building, i.e. the yard in front of the táng 堂. According to ZHENGZITONG, tíng 廷/庭 were originally unroofed, later they were covered with a roof. See also COURTYARD.
    • Oppos: 市/MARKET The current general term for a market is shì 市.
    • Oppos: 市/PUBLIC

      Syntactic words
    • n[post-N](one's) courtCH
    • n[post-N]singularthe royal court; the court
    • nabactholding court
    • nadNcourt (robes)
    • nadVin court style
    • nadVplaceat court
    • nfigurativethe official matters of the court
    • viacthold court; go to court; pay a formal visit to the court
    廷  tíng OC: deeŋ MC: deŋ
    庭  tíng OC: deeŋ MC: deŋ 26 AttributionsWD

    The current dominant word for the royal court with its courtyard as a building complex is tíng 廷/庭, although the same word can also be used to refer to the courtyard as opposed to the main court building, i.e. the yard in front of the táng 堂. According to ZHENGZITONG, tíng 廷/庭 were originally unroofed, later they were covered with a roof. See also COURTYARD.

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 吏/OFFICIAL Lì 吏 refers to officials in charge of concrete practical matters, often policing and the like.
    • Epithet: 公/JUSTICE
    • Contrast: 官/OFFICE The standard and very current general word for any elevated bureaucratic office, civil or military, is guān 官 (the original meaning of which refers to the building housing the office-holders office).
    • Assoc: 朝/COURT Cháo 朝 refers to the court as the venue of court asemblies rather than as the building as such. See also TEMPLE
    • Synon: 朝/COURT Cháo 朝 refers to the court as the venue of court asemblies rather than as the building as such. See also TEMPLE

    • 古代文化词义集类辨考 ( HUANG 1995) p. 971 - 979

    • [100 page synonym dictionary which I have in Oslo and shall identify.CH] ( XIANG 1997) p. 647

      Syntactic words
    • ncourt, royal court
    • nadNcourt's; in the courtDS
    • nadVplaceat court, in court
    朝廷  cháo tíng OC: daw deeŋ MC: ɖiɛu deŋ 15 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVat court
    • NPdefinitethe court
    • NP{N1=N2}nonreferentialroyal court (apparently never used to refer to any concrete court of a concrete king)
    殿  diàn OC: dɯɯns MC: den 12 AttributionsWD

    Diàn 殿 is a Han time bureaucratic term for a large and high hall, often used for audiences, in the palace or in the temple. In this meaning the word came to use in the late Warring States, and in Han times replaced term táng 堂.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 堂/COURT Táng 堂 is sometimes used to refer specifically to the (typically elevated) main hall at court, but the word is more common as the general term for "main hall". It seems that táng 堂 served mainly ceremonial and since the Warring States also political purposes. From Han times táng 堂 in its original meaning was replaced by diàn 殿.

    • 古代文化词义集类辨考 ( HUANG 1995) p. 983 - 984

      Syntactic words
    • nlarge building; court; main hall
    • nadVplacein the court-building, in the palace
    本朝  běn cháo MC: pwonX -- OC: pɯɯnʔ dawLZ 4 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPcourtLZ
    堂  táng OC: daaŋ MC: dɑŋ 3 AttributionsWD

    Táng 堂 is sometimes used to refer specifically to the (typically elevated) main hall at court, but the word is more common as the general term for "main hall". It seems that táng 堂 served mainly ceremonial and since the Warring States also political purposes. From Han times táng 堂 in its original meaning was replaced by diàn 殿.

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 明/BRIGHT The general term for what appears luminous or bright in the broadest sense of these terms is míng 明 (ant. àn 暗 "dark" and yǐn 隱 "dark"), a word heavily laden with religious overtones.
    • Assoc: 殿/COURT Diàn 殿 is a Han time bureaucratic term for a large and high hall, often used for audiences, in the palace or in the temple. In this meaning the word came to use in the late Warring States, and in Han times replaced term táng 堂.

    • 古代文化词义集类辨考 ( HUANG 1995) p. 981 - 982

    • 中國佛教百科全書 Zhōngguó fójiào bǎikē quánshū Encyclopedic Book Collection on Chinese Buddhism ( YANG WEIZHONG 2000) p. 170 - 171

      Syntactic words
    • nelevated ceremonial hall
    門下  mén xià OC: mɯɯn ɢraaʔ MC: muo̝n ɦɣɛ 2 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPadNplaceat the court
    • NPplaceattached to the court; by the court gate
    廊廟  láng miào OC: ɡ-raaŋ mraws MC: lɑŋ miɛu 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPcourt
    明臺  míng tái OC: mraŋ dɯɯ MC: mɣaŋ dəi 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPBright Tower, venue for public discussion 議 established by the Yellow emperor
    宮廷  gōng tíng OC: kuŋ deeŋ MC: kuŋ deŋ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPcourt SANGUOZHI
    廊朝  láng cháo OC: ɡ-raaŋ daw MC: lɑŋ ɖiɛu 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPcourt SANGUOZHI
    朝庭  cháo tíng OC: daw deeŋ MC: ɖiɛu deŋ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPcourt

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