BRIGHT    光明明

FEATURE of ISSUING:giving out INTENSE LIGHT.
SHININGBRILLIANTDAZZLINGBEAMINGGLARINGSPARKLINGFLASHINGGLITTERINGSCINTILLATINGGLEAMINGGLOWINGLUMINOUSRADIANTSHINYLUSTROUSGLOSSY
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general term for what appears luminous or bright in the broadest sense of these terms is míng 明 (ant. àn 暗 "dark" and yǐn 隱 "dark"), a word heavily laden with religious overtones. 2. Liàng 亮 "bright" (ant. yōu 幽 "dark and shady"), càn 燦 and làn 爛 are primarily optical and rather prosaic terms to use. 3. Zhāo 昭 "resplendent" (ant. míng 冥 "dark"), gěng 耿 "brilliant", hào 皓 "shining bright", yè 燁, and hè 赫 "luminous" is a highly charged ritually high-flown word that belongs to court language, often with metaphorical force. 4. Yáng 陽 "bright" (ant. yīn 陰 "dark") is simply the opposite of dark and does not connote any high degree of luminosity. 5. Lǎng 朗 is an elevated word used to refer to things resplendent and bright. 6. Hào 顥 and qíng 晴 "bright" refers to the brightness of the sky. 7. Yàn 宴／曣 refers specifically to the brightness of the sky. 8. Guāng 光 refers generally to light or even resplendence. See LIGHT For causative uses see ILLUMINATE. For figurative uses see ILLUSTRIOUS
Modern Chinese Criteria
明亮 亮 明 亮堂 通亮 光亮 雪亮 鮮亮 錚亮 敞亮 豁亮 透亮 瀏亮 清亮 澄瑩 明朗 清明 通明 鮮明 光明 輝煌 明快 杲杲 煌煌 燭燭 皓皓 燦燦 皓 金燦燦 金光光 亮光光 亮閃閃 亮錚錚 亮堂堂 亮　　 火光燭天 金光閃亮 光芒萬丈 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • SHINE　CAUSE to be BRIGHT by the USE of LIGHT. (anc: 5/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • DARKCOLOUR LACKING BRIGHTNESS.
Hypernym
  • FEATURE　ABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE. (anc: 3/0, child: 19)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
  • PRIME　 (anc: 1/0, child: 2)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 15.62

  • "三國志"同義詞及其歷史演變 ( WANG TONGWEI 2010) p. 444-449

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 659

    灼，焯

    1. WL claims that zhuo2 焯 is not used for 燒灼 "to burn or scintillate". But zhuo2 焯 is so rare in early texts that it is impossible to check this generalisation.

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.234;191

    ECLAT.BRILLANT.LUSTRE; LUEUR.CLARTE.SPLENDEUR

    • Words (50 items)

    明  míng OC: mraŋ MC: mɣaŋ 25 Attributions

    The general term for what appears luminous or bright in the broadest sense of these terms is míng 明 (ant. àn 暗 "dark" and yǐn 隱 "dark"), a word heavily laden with religious overtones.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 晦/DARK Huì 晦 (ant. zhāng 彰 "plain and manifest") refers to obscurity, expecially of texts or of thoughts.
    • Ant: 暗 / 闇/DARK Àn 暗/闇 (ant. míng 明 "bright") can refer to darkness but most of the time this word actually refers abstractly to the benightedness of a ruler.
    • Ant: 幽/DARK The most current general word for physical shadowiness and obscurity is probably yōu 幽 (ant. míng 明 "bright"), but this word often has lyrical overtones of secluded peace.
    • Epithet: 堂/COURT Táng 堂 is sometimes used to refer specifically to the (typically elevated) main hall at court, but the word is more common as the general term for "main hall". It seems that táng 堂 served mainly ceremonial and since the Warring States also political purposes. From Han times táng 堂 in its original meaning was replaced by diàn 殿.
    • Epithet: 月/MOON The current word for the moon is yuè 月.
    • Epithet: 珠/PEARL The standard word for a rounded pearl is zhū 珠.
    • Epithet: 鏡/MIRROR The current general word for a mirror is jìng 鏡. [The word is known since the Warring States. Mirrors for the first time appeared in Central China in Shang times, but became no common prior to the Warring States period. Ancient Chinese mirrors were made of bronze, they were of round shape with a button in the centre to hang it up, and their one side was richly decorated.
    • Epithet: 日月/STAR
    • Assoc: 光/BRIGHT Guāng 光 refers generally to light or even resplendence. See LIGHT
    • Assoc: 精/BRIGHT

      Syntactic words
    • nabstativebrightness; light
    • vadNbright; shining
    • vadNfigurativeillustrious (明德）
    • vibe bright; shine brightly; be not dark
    • vichangebecome bright; be lit up by
    • vtoNfigurativemake illustrious
    光明  guāng míng OC: kʷaaŋ mraŋ MC: kɑŋ mɣaŋ 17 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbrightness, light (can occasionally be counted: > rays/beams of light)
    • NPabfigurativebrightness, light
    • VPibe filled with light, be bright
    • VPifigurativeshine brightly (> be intelligent), be illustrious
    昭  zhāo OC: kljew MC: tɕiɛu 7 Attributions

    Zhāo 昭 "resplendent" (ant. míng 冥 "dark"), gěng 耿 "brilliant", hào 皓 "shining bright", yè 燁, and hè 赫 "luminous" is a highly charged ritually high-flown word that belongs to court language, often with metaphorical force.

      Syntactic words
    • nabstativebrightness; luminosity
    • v.red:adNshining bright
    • vadVbrilliantlyLZ
    • vibe resplendent
    熙  xī OC: qhlɯ MC: hɨ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vichangebecome bright and illustrious
    • vifigurativebright; spendid
    昭昭  zhāo zhāo OC: kljew kljew MC: tɕiɛu tɕiɛu 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPradiance; brightness
    • vi.redbe bright and radiant
    光  guāng OC: kʷaaŋ MC: kɑŋ 4 Attributions

    Guāng 光 refers generally to light or even resplendence. See LIGHT

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 耀 / 燿 / 曜/SHINE Yào 耀 is a dramatic word referring to shining a dazzling light on something.
    • Assoc: 明/BRIGHT The general term for what appears luminous or bright in the broadest sense of these terms is míng 明 (ant. àn 暗 "dark" and yǐn 隱 "dark"), a word heavily laden with religious overtones.
    • Assoc: 耀 / 燿 / 曜/SHINE Yào 耀 is a dramatic word referring to shining a dazzling light on something.

      Syntactic words
    • nabfeature
    • nadNshining; glossy, shiny
    • vibe bright, have a sheen
    • vtoNcausativemake N bright (also figuratively); polishLZ
    朗  lǎng OC: ɡ-raaŋʔ MC: lɑŋ 4 Attributions

    Lǎng 朗 is an elevated word used to refer to things resplendent and bright.

      Syntactic words
    • nabfeaturebrightness
    • vibe lucid and resplendent
    皇  huáng OC: ɡʷaaŋ MC: ɦɑŋ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNfigurativeaugust
    • vifigurativebe brilliant; august
    • vt+prep+Nshine forth in the place N
    皦  jiǎo OC: kleewʔ MC: keu 4 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 昧/DARK Míng 冥 (ant. guāng 光 "light"), hūn 昏 (ant. zhāo 昭 "bright") and the rarer mèi 昧 (ant. xiǎn 顯 "clear and manifest") refer freely to purely optical darkness and abstract obscurity.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNbright; shining
    • vifigurativebe (figuratively) glittering, all shiny and bright (of music)
    炳  bǐng OC: pqraŋʔ MC: pɣaŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVbrightly, brilliantly, clearly
    • vibe bright, luminous
    • vichangebecome bright, luminous
    煥  huàn OC: qhloons MC: hʷɑn 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNglittering, brightCH
    • vichangebecome brilliant, resplendent
    • vifigurativebrilliant, resplendent
    爽  shuǎng OC: sraŋʔ MC: ʂi̯ɐŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe bright; shining
    白  bái OC: braaɡ MC: bɣɛk 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadN.adVbright (daylight)
    耿  gěng OC: kreeŋʔ MC: kɣɛŋ 2 Attributions

    Zhāo 昭 "resplendent" (ant. míng 冥 "dark"), gěng 耿 "brilliant", hào 皓 "shining bright", yè 燁, and hè 赫 "luminous" is a highly charged ritually high-flown word that belongs to court language, often with metaphorical force.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNbright
    • vibright; shine
    赫  hè OC: qhraaɡ MC: hɣɛk 2 Attributions

    Zhāo 昭 "resplendent" (ant. míng 冥 "dark"), gěng 耿 "brilliant", hào 皓 "shining bright", yè 燁, and hè 赫 "luminous" is a highly charged ritually high-flown word that belongs to court language, often with metaphorical force.

      Syntactic words
    • vibright
    灼然  zhuó rán OC: pljewɡ njen MC: tɕi̯ɐk ȵiɛn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVclearly, obviously
    赫赫  hè hè OC: qhraaɡ qhraaɡ MC: hɣɛk hɣɛk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPab{n.red}stativebrightness
    • VPibe dazzling bright
    • VPi+N{SUBJ}inversion, emphaticoh, how splendid was NDS
    央  yāng OC: qaŋ MC: ʔi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe shining; be brillant
    灼  zhuó OC: pljewɡ MC: tɕi̯ɐk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVBURN> brightly, clearly
    • vi.redvery bright; brilliant
    白黑  bái hēi OC: braaɡ hmɯɯɡ MC: bɣɛk hək 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPab{nab1ant.nab2}conceptluminescence
    • NPab{nab1ant.nab2}featurerelative luminescence
    千眠  qiān mián MC: tshen men  OC: snʰiin miin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPipoeticarcane and opaque: brilliant, scintillatingCH
    丕顯  pī xiǎn OC: phrɯ qhleenʔ MC: phi hen 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNillustrious
    陽  yáng OC: k-laŋ MC: ji̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution

    Yáng 陽 "bright" (ant. yīn 陰 "dark") is simply the opposite of dark and does not connote any high degree of luminosity.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 暗 / 闇/DARK Àn 暗/闇 (ant. míng 明 "bright") can refer to darkness but most of the time this word actually refers abstractly to the benightedness of a ruler.

      Syntactic words
    • vibright, light; luminous
    顥  hào OC: ɡuuʔ MC: ɦɑu 1 Attribution

    Hào 顥 and qíng 晴 "bright" refers to the brightness of the sky.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNbright, shining (Heaven) (LSCQ)
    • vibe bright and shining; be glittering
    鮮  xiān MC: sjen OC: sen 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vichangefigurative: brighten up with fresh light of sensibilityCH
    照明  zhào míng OC: kljews mraŋ MC: tɕiɛu mɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfigurativefig. brightness; light
    穆穆  mù mù OC: muɡ muɡ MC: muk muk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPifigurativesplendid, bright, august
    亮  liàng OC: ɡ-raŋs MC: li̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution

    Liàng 亮 "bright" (ant. yōu 幽 "dark and shady"), càn 燦 and làn 爛 are primarily optical and rather prosaic terms to use.

      Syntactic words
    • nabstativebrightness (SHU)
    • vadNfigurativebrilliantCH
    • vibe bright
    剡  yǎn OC: k-lamʔ MC: jiɛm 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi.redshine brightly; brilliant
    昉著  fǎng zhù MC: pjangX trjoH OC: paŋʔ k-las 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe resplendent
    晏  yàn OC: qraans MC: ʔɣan 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nbright weather
    晴  qíng OC: dzeŋ MC: dziɛŋ 1 Attribution

    Hào 顥 and qíng 晴 "bright" refers to the brightness of the sky.

      Syntactic words
    • nabbrightness (> clear sky without coulds)
    煒  wěi OC: ɢulʔ MC: ɦɨi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vibrilliant; bright; glowing
    爛  làn OC: ɡ-raans MC: lɑn 1 Attribution

    Liàng 亮 "bright" (ant. yōu 幽 "dark and shady"), càn 燦 and làn 爛 are primarily optical and rather prosaic terms to use.

      Syntactic words
    • vivery bright[to sparkle]
    皓  hào OC: ɡuuʔ MC: ɦɑu 1 Attribution

    Zhāo 昭 "resplendent" (ant. míng 冥 "dark"), gěng 耿 "brilliant", hào 皓 "shining bright", yè 燁, and hè 赫 "luminous" is a highly charged ritually high-flown word that belongs to court language, often with metaphorical force.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNshining bright
    • vishining bright
    皞  hào MC: hawX OC: ɡuuʔ 1 Attribution

    hào

      Syntactic words
    • vadNbright
    易日  yì rì OC: leɡ mljiɡ MC: jiɛk ȵit 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPi0OBI: change to sunny weather
    宴  yàn OC: qeens MC: ʔen 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vi(of weather, or of the sky) be clear and bright. Also written 曣.
    明  míng OC: mraŋ MC: mɣaŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe bright and clear
    景  jǐng OC: kraŋʔ MC: kɣaŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNbright; radiant
    曆  lì OC: reeɡ MC: lek 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vi.redreduplicated: be bright (a color, pearl, etc.)BIANWEN: 珠珍齊曆曆
    曣  yàn MC: -- OC: -- 0 Attributions

    Yàn 宴／曣 refers specifically to the brightness of the sky.

      Syntactic words
    • nbright weather, variant of 宴
    清  qīng OC: tsheŋ MC: tshiɛŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe bright
    焯  zhuó OC: ntjewɡ MC: tɕi̯ɐk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe bright
    燁  yè OC: ɢeb MC: ɦiɛp 0 Attributions

    Zhāo 昭 "resplendent" (ant. míng 冥 "dark"), gěng 耿 "brilliant", hào 皓 "shining bright", yè 燁, and hè 赫 "luminous" is a highly charged ritually high-flown word that belongs to court language, often with metaphorical force.

      Syntactic words
    • vibe bright
    燦  càn OC: tshaans MC: tshɑn 0 Attributions

    Liàng 亮 "bright" (ant. yōu 幽 "dark and shady"), càn 燦 and làn 爛 are primarily optical and rather prosaic terms to use.

      Syntactic words
    • vidazzlingly bright
    赫奕  hè yì OC: qhraaɡ k-laɡ MC: hɣɛk jiɛk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe resplendent
    晏陰  yàn yīn OC: qraans qrɯm MC: ʔɣan ʔim 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeaturebrightness versus cloudiness LS
    粲  càn MC: tshanH OC: tshaans 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vifigurativebe scintillatingCH
    精  jīng OC: tseŋ MC: tsiɛŋ 0 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 明/BRIGHT The general term for what appears luminous or bright in the broadest sense of these terms is míng 明 (ant. àn 暗 "dark" and yǐn 隱 "dark"), a word heavily laden with religious overtones.

      Syntactic words
    • vibe bright SHIJI: 光精