FACE    面孔面

PART of the HEAD CONTAINING EYES, NOSE AND MOUTH ETC.
COUNTENANCEPHYSIOGNOMYFEATURESINFORMAL MUGPUSSLITERARY VISAGE
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The standard neutral word for the face is miàn 面. 2. Sè 色 refers specifically to the face as expressive of mood and emotion. 3. Róng 容 refers especially to the lineaments and the characteristic outline of the face. 4. Yán 顏 refers to the upper part of the face but the word is often used to refer loosely to the face as a whole. See FOREHEAD. NB: Liǎn 臉 is post-Han (THREE KINGDOMS) and refers at an early stage to the part of the face to which makeup is applied.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 BODY 33. 面，臉面通稱。 顏，臉面，多用於表示臉部的神色或表情的場合。 臉，後起字，中古時指婦女施胭脂的顴骨部位，宋以後漸取代 “ 面 ” 成為通稱。 頰，臉的兩側從眼到下頜的部位。 腮（ [ 思＋頁 ] ），兩頰的下半部，也是中古以後出現的詞。
Modern Chinese Criteria
臉 面子 臉膛兒 臉盤兒 臉面 面龐 面孔 嘴臉 面 顏 顏面 面顏 玉顏 容顏 朱顏 長臉膛 驢面 馬面 鴨蛋臉 鵝蛋臉 面頰 臉蛋兒 臉蛋子 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
Part of
See also
  • SIDEPLACE to the LEFT OR RIGHT, AND NOT IN FRONT OR BEHIND.
  • SURFACE[MATHEMATICS]
Hypernym
  • Not defined　 (anc: 2/0, child: 203)
  • PRIME　 (anc: 1/0, child: 2)
  • 　 (anc: 0/0, child: 0)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 4.204

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 378

    vultus 面

    facies 色

    589. Inter Vultum et faciem. Facies est naturalis [col. 68B] oris habitus immutabilis, vultus vero pro rerum ac temporum qualitate varius et mutabilis [ Al., commutabilis], et secundum affectionem animi modo laetus, modo tristis. Unde et vultuosi dicuntur qui vultum saepe commutant. Itaque Lucilius haec quasi distinguens ait: Quae facies, qui vultus viro. Dicimus autem et vultum coeli et vultum maris, quia et mare saepe in varios motus ventorum flatibus mutatur, et coeli vultus ex luce in tenebras, et ex sereno in nubilum commutatur, sicut et hominum cum mentibus vultus.

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    FACE

    facies refers to the face as a physical shape in general.

    oculi is a plurale tantum which refers to the expressive part of the face around the eyes.

    os refers to the face as a basically stative feature expressive of the inner state of the bearer of the face.

    vultus refers to the face as a mobile entity which dynamically expresses the changing feelings of the bearer, especially through the movement of the eyes and the eyebrows.

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 1966) p. 215

    Gesicht:

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 7

    GESICHT

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 56

  • 古代文化詞異集類辨考 Gudai wenhua ci yi ji lei bian kao ( HUANG JINGUI 1995) p. 517

  • A Russian-English Collocational Dictionary of the Human Body ( IORDANSKAJA 1996) p. 181

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    VULTUS

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 2.1006

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.1951

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1318

    貌，容

    1. WL claims that ro2ng 容 refers to the face and appearance as expressive of emotions whereas ma4o 貌 refers to face and appearance as external appearance as such. The word for the face as expressive of emotions is se4 色, not ro2ng 容. Ro2ng 容 usually refers to general dynamic appearance only occasionally to the face specifically. Ma4o 貌 is static and refers to an outer shape or form, whereas ro2ng 容 is always dynamic and often inclusive of comportment and proper behaviour, hence the combinations ro2ng zhi3 容止 and ro2ng do4ng 容動.

    2. Ma4o 貌 never refers comes close to referring to the face as such. The word differs in this from ro2ng 容 which one is sometimes tempted to take to refer to the face as such.

  • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 58ff

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 286

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 296

  • Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Second Edition ( BROWN 2005) p.

  • () p.

    • Words (37 items)

    色  sè OC: sqrɯɡ MC: ʂɨk 46 Attributions

    Sè 色 refers specifically to the face as expressive of mood and emotion.

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 喜/DELIGHT Xǐ 喜 (ant. yōu 憂 "worry") is openly manifested delight, manifested in an individual, visible to all, but not normally of any profound significance.
    • Contrast: 貌/FACE
    • Contrast: 面/FACE The standard neutral word for the face is miàn 面.
    • Synon: 容/FACE Róng 容 refers especially to the lineaments and the outline of the face.
    • Oppos: 足/LEG The current general word for the leg as a whole is the same as that for the foot, zú 足, but the word can also be used in a broader meaning including the shin.
    • Oppos: 言/SPEAK Yán 言 is to speak up, propose, typically in public, and on one's own initiative, to maintain something, and the word can indroduce direct speech as well as occasionally very limited indirect speech.

      Syntactic words
    • nouter facial expression as expressive of an inner mental state or psychological disposition; spirit displayed
    • ncommendatory: attractive complexion; beautiful faceCH
    • nadVinstrumentwith one's face; in one's face; as regards one's facial expression; as regards one's facial appearance
    • nmactthe deliberate production of facial expression, behaviour as manifested in facial expression
    • viactmake a different face; change facial expression =變色
    顏色  yán sè OC: ŋraan sqrɯɡ MC: ŋɣan ʂɨk 33 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1adN2}facial expression, countenance; sometimes non-expressive: facial complexion 顏色黯黑 "my facial complexion is all dark".
    面  miàn OC: mens MC: miɛn 31 Attributions

    The standard neutral word for the face is miàn 面.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 色/FACE Sè 色 refers specifically to the face as expressive of mood and emotion.

      Syntactic words
    • n(post-N)face
    • nadVinstrumentto the face; face to face; with one's face, with one's facial epression; in the fact (suffer injury)
    • npost-NN's faceDS
    • n{PRED}post-Nhave the face of an NCH
    • viactturn one's face
    • vtoNhave one's face turned towards, face N
    顏  yán OC: ŋraan MC: ŋɣan 18 Attributions

    Yán 顏 refers to the upper part of the face but the word is often used to refer loosely to the face as a whole. See FOREHEAD.

      Syntactic words
    • nupper part of the face; countenance
    • nfacial expression; face (as expressive of inner state, mood and emotions)CH
    容  róng OC: k-loŋ MC: ji̯oŋ 18 Attributions

    Róng 容 refers especially to the lineaments and the outline of the face.

      Word relations
    • Synon: 色/FACE Sè 色 refers specifically to the face as expressive of mood and emotion.
    • Oppos: 體/BODY Tǐ 體 refers to body as constituted by its various parts, in particular the limbs, and when it refers to the body as a whole the reference is to the posture and carriage of the body.
    • Oppos: 形/BODY The general word for the body versus the heart and soul is xíng 形(ant. xīn 心).

      Syntactic words
    • nface, especially overall shape of face
    • nabfacial appearanceCH
    • nab=色　facial expressionCH
    • nadVon one's face
    面目  miàn mù OC: mens muɡ MC: miɛn muk 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPface
    • NPadVwith respect to face and eyesCH
    頭面  tóu miàn OC: doo mens MC: du miɛn 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPface
    • NPadVwith the face
    貌  mào OC: mreews MC: mɣɛu 3 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 色/FACE Sè 色 refers specifically to the face as expressive of mood and emotion.

      Syntactic words
    • nabdispositiondisposition to express oneself through one's facial expression
    • nabfeatureappearance as expressive of feelings and thoughts> facial expression and general appearance
    氣色  qì sè OC: khɯds sqrɯɡ MC: khɨi ʂɨk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPfacial expression, expression of mood
    面狀  miàn zhuàng OC: mens sɡraŋs MC: miɛn ɖʐi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPface
    面貌  miàn mào OC: mens mreews MC: miɛn mɣɛu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPface
    瞻視  zhān shì OC: kljam ɡljils MC: tɕiɛm dʑi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialway of looking, facial expression
    令色  lìng sè OC: ɡ-reŋs sqrɯɡ MC: liɛŋ ʂɨk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NP[adN]person with an artificially attractive face
    靦  tiǎn OC: kh-leenʔ MC: then 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nface
    • nadN"facely": modifier evoking the appearance of a human faceLZ
    馘  guó MC: kweak OC: kʷrɯɯɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nfacial complexionCH
    采色  cǎi sè OC: tshɯɯʔ sqrɯɡ MC: tshəi ʂɨk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPfacial expression
    顏容  yán róng OC: ŋraan k-loŋ MC: ŋɣan ji̯oŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPface
    色貌  sè mào OC: sqrɯɡ mreews MC: ʂɨk mɣɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPfacial complexion
    容儀  róng yí OC: k-loŋ ŋral MC: ji̯oŋ ŋiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPdignified: face, French: figure
    面類  miàn lèi OC: mens ruds MC: miɛn li 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPface
    面首  miàn shǒu OC: mens qhljuʔ MC: miɛn ɕɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPface
    容姿  róng zī OC: k-loŋ sti MC: ji̯oŋ tsi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPappearance
    顏貌  yán mào OC: ŋraan mreews MC: ŋɣan mɣɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPface
    臉  liǎn OC: ɡ-roomʔ MC: lɣɛm 0 Attributions

    NB: Liǎn 臉 is post-Han (THREE KINGDOMS) and refers at an early stage to the part of the face to which makeup is applied.

      Syntactic words
    • npost-Han, SANGUO: (specifically) upper part of face; face
    顏面  yán miàn OC: ŋraan mens MC: ŋɣan miɛn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPfacial expression
    頄  kuí OC: ɡʷru MC: gi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nface; bones of the face; cheekbone (YI)
    頩  pīng OC: pheeŋ MC: pheŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmien (Chuci)
    馘  guó MC: kweak OC: kʷrɯɯɡ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nfacial complexionCH
    馘  guó MC: kweak OC: kʷrɯɯɡ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nfacial complexionCH
    馘  guó MC: kweak OC: kʷrɯɯɡ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nfacial complexionCH
    馘  guó MC: kweak OC: kʷrɯɯɡ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nfacial complexionCH
    容華  róng huá OC: k-loŋ ɢʷraal MC: ji̯oŋ ɦɣɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPwonderful facial complexion
    面孔  miàn kǒng OC: mens khooŋʔ MC: miɛn khuŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPface
    神色  shén sè OC: ɢljin sqrɯɡ MC: ʑin ʂɨk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPfacial expression
    • NPadVwith regard to his facial expression
    顏儀  yán yí OC: ŋraan ŋral MC: ŋɣan ŋiɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfigurative"face"
    面色  miàn sè OC: mens sqrɯɡ MC: miɛn ʂɨk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPfacial expression
    面部  miàn bù OC: mens bɯʔ MC: miɛn buo̝ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPface