ARISE 產生起
The EVENT that something BEGINS to EXIST.
COME TO LIGHTBECOME APPARENTAPPEAREMERGECROP UPTURN UPSURFACESPRING UPOCCUR
Antonym
- STOPACT so as NOT to CONTINUE NOW:present ACTION.
Hypernym
- EVENTREALITY that ARISES in TIME.
See also
- BEGINENDURINGLY STOP NOT to ACT OR to BE RESEMBLING:as in the PAST.
Hyponym
- HAPPEN ARISE as AN EVENT.
- SOMETIMES HAPPENING NOT NEVER.
- BREAK OUT HAPPEN SUDDENLY AS A BAD EVENT.
- COINCIDENCE HAPPEN NOT BEING EXPECTED FOR WHICH ONE HAS NO EXPLANATION.[[NB incidentally: The Epicurean aleatoric view of natural history.]]
Old Chinese Criteria
[GENERAL/SPECIFIC]
[HIGH-DEGREE/LOW-DEGREE]
[INCHOACTIVE/PERFECTIVE]
1. The most current general word for something arising is probably qǐ 起 (ant. zhǐ 止 "cease to exist").
[GENERAL]
2. Méng 萌 is inchoative and refers to the initial stage of arising.
[INCHOATIVE]
3. Shēng 生 (ant. miè 滅 "be extinguished (as dinosaurs)") refers to the coming into existence of something which did not previously exist.
[PERFECTIVE]
4. Xīng 興 (ant. xí 息 "cease to be virulent") and fā 發 refer to something moving from an "incubatory" state to a state of manifest "virulence" and full development.
[HIGH-DEGREE], [PERFECTIVE]
5. Chū 出 (NB: rù 入 cannot be used as an antonym for this meaning.) refers to something that pre-exists emerging or moving from an initial state of hiddenness or non-obviousness to a state of manifest visibility (in analogy with the basic meaning of the word "to come out").
[SPECIFIC]
6. Zuò 作 (ant.* xiē 歇 "cease to exist, cease to be active, cease to happen") typically refers to something happening or arising for the first time, but the word can also refer to the emergence of persons like sages.
[ORIGINAL], [SPECIFIC]
NB: This group needs to be viewed together with BEGIN, and the line between the two is by no means always clear.
[HIGH-DEGREE/LOW-DEGREE]
[INCHOACTIVE/PERFECTIVE]
1. The most current general word for something arising is probably qǐ 起 (ant. zhǐ 止 "cease to exist").
[GENERAL]
2. Méng 萌 is inchoative and refers to the initial stage of arising.
[INCHOATIVE]
3. Shēng 生 (ant. miè 滅 "be extinguished (as dinosaurs)") refers to the coming into existence of something which did not previously exist.
[PERFECTIVE]
4. Xīng 興 (ant. xí 息 "cease to be virulent") and fā 發 refer to something moving from an "incubatory" state to a state of manifest "virulence" and full development.
[HIGH-DEGREE], [PERFECTIVE]
5. Chū 出 (NB: rù 入 cannot be used as an antonym for this meaning.) refers to something that pre-exists emerging or moving from an initial state of hiddenness or non-obviousness to a state of manifest visibility (in analogy with the basic meaning of the word "to come out").
[SPECIFIC]
6. Zuò 作 (ant.* xiē 歇 "cease to exist, cease to be active, cease to happen") typically refers to something happening or arising for the first time, but the word can also refer to the emergence of persons like sages.
[ORIGINAL], [SPECIFIC]
NB: This group needs to be viewed together with BEGIN, and the line between the two is by no means always clear.
Modern Chinese Criteria
發生
產生
發出
生出
生
起
鬧
有
來
出
發
first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH/
產生
發出
生出
生
起
鬧
有
來
出
發
first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH/
Old Chinese Contrasts
1. Some verbs are inchoative (méng 萌 "begin to arise", qǐ 起 ) others are perfective (chū 出, shēng 生 "come into existence", zuò 作, xīng 興 ).
2. Some verbs describe the emergence or origination of something for the first time (chū 出, méng 萌, shēng 生 ), others describe indifferently the emergence or re-emergence of something (qǐ 起, zuò 作, xīng 興 ).
3. Some verbs refer to the emergence of a concrete event or type of event (qǐ 起, zuò 作, zhì 至, xīng 興, shī 失 ), others refer to the coming into existence of anything abstract or concrete (chū 出, shēng 生 ).
4. Some verbs only refer to the eruption of a process (fā 發 ), the others refer indifferently to processes, events, persons, or things. jiang
2. Some verbs describe the emergence or origination of something for the first time (chū 出, méng 萌, shēng 生 ), others describe indifferently the emergence or re-emergence of something (qǐ 起, zuò 作, xīng 興 ).
3. Some verbs refer to the emergence of a concrete event or type of event (qǐ 起, zuò 作, zhì 至, xīng 興, shī 失 ), others refer to the coming into existence of anything abstract or concrete (chū 出, shēng 生 ).
4. Some verbs only refer to the eruption of a process (fā 發 ), the others refer indifferently to processes, events, persons, or things. jiang
- Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1826-32) p.
- Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie
(
RITTER 1971-2007)
p.
11.417 URSPRUNG
- Divisiones quae vulgo dicuntur Aristoteleae
(
DIVISIONES 1906)
p.
B 29
Words
生 shēng OC: sraaŋ MC: ʂɣaŋ 70 Attributions
Shēng 生 (ant. miè 滅 "be extinguished (as dinosaurs)") refers to the coming into existence of something which did not previously exist. [PERFECTIVE]
- Word relations
- Ant: 滅/DESTROY
Miè 滅 refers to the physical destruction of cities or states, and the word implies the use of external military force, and typically military resistance. - Contrast: 立/ESTABLISH
The current general word for setting up anything abstract or concrete is lì 立 and the almost equally common shè 設. - Contrast: 產/ARISE
- Synon: 出/ARISE
Chū 出 (NB: rù 入cannot be used as an antonym for this meaning.) refers to something that pre-exists emerging or moving from an initial state of hiddenness or non-obviousness to a state of manifest visibility (in analogy with the basic meaning of the word "to come out"). [SPECIFIC] - Synon: 起/ARISE
The most current general word for something arising is probably qǐ 起 (ant. zhǐ 止 "cease to exist"). [GENERAL]
- Syntactic words
- nabprocessemergence, arising
- nsubjectthing that has originated
- vadNthat has arisen, that has materialised; that is arising; (of moon) that begins to wax
- vifigurativeto arise, to emergeVK
- viperfectiveoriginate; come to emerge; be naturally found in (of inanimate subjects), occur naturally in
- vt+prep+Nmiddle voicebe produced> arise from; arise therefromCH
- vt+prep+NPab{S}arise from S being the case
- vt+prep+Npassive?arise from 生於
- vt0oN{SUBJ}changearise; appear 生民; come to birth (with postposed subject)
- vtoNcausativecause to come into existence, cause to existCH
- vtoV/Nabarise from V-ing (for the commoner 生於)LZ
起 qǐ OC: khɯʔ MC: khɨ 43 Attributions
The most current general word for something arising is probably qǐ 起 (ant. zhǐ 止 "cease to exist"). [GENERAL]
- Word relations
- Ant: 止/STOP
The standard current word for ceasing in an activity is zhǐ 止 (ant. xíng 行 "carry on with"), and this word can to any concrete or abstract activity; the ceasing may be final or temporary. - Epithet: 初/ORIGINALLY
Chū 初 (ant. jīn 今 "nowadays") is purely chronological and does not imply any formative influence of the beginning stage. - Contrast: 感/STIMULATE
The current general word for stimulating a sentient being into action, or causing feelings, is gǎn 感 (ant. yìng 應 "respond"). - Synon: 作/ARISE
Zuò 作 (ant.* xiē 歇 "cease to exist, cease to be active, cease to happen") typically refers to something happening or arising for the first time, but the word can also refer to the emergence of persons like sages. [ORIGINAL], [SPECIFIC] - Synon: 發/ARISE
Xīng 興 (ant. xí 息 "cease to be virulent") and fā 發 refer to something moving from an "incubatory" state to a state of manifest "virulence" and full development. [HIGH-DEGREE], [PERFECTIVE] - Synon: 生/ARISE
Shēng 生 (ant. miè 滅 "be extinguished (as dinosaurs)") refers to the coming into existence of something which did not previously exist. [PERFECTIVE]
- Syntactic words
- nab{PRED}processemergenceLZ
- vichangearise, emerge
- vt+prep+Narise from 起於
- vt+prep+Ncausativegive rise to, cause to arise in yourself
- vtoNarise from NCH
- vtoNcausativecause to arise> allow to arise, give rise to, generate
出 chū OC: khljud MC: tɕhʷit 24 Attributions
Chū 出 (NB: rù 入cannot be used as an antonym for this meaning.) refers to something that pre-exists emerging or moving from an initial state of hiddenness or non-obviousness to a state of manifest visibility (in analogy with the basic meaning of the word "to come out"). [SPECIFIC]
- Word relations
- Contrast: 現 / 見/VISIBLE
- Contrast: 產/ARISE
- Synon: 生/ARISE
Shēng 生 (ant. miè 滅 "be extinguished (as dinosaurs)") refers to the coming into existence of something which did not previously exist. [PERFECTIVE] - Synon: 發/ARISE
Xīng 興 (ant. xí 息 "cease to be virulent") and fā 發 refer to something moving from an "incubatory" state to a state of manifest "virulence" and full development. [HIGH-DEGREE], [PERFECTIVE]
- Syntactic words
- nabprocessoriginCH
- ntsubjectwhat arises (from something else)
- viactsurge forthCH
- vichangecome into existence
- vimiddle voiceget produced emerge; arise; originate
- vt+prep+Nemerge from NCH
- vt+prep+Nobject=sourcearise (from something or somebody); proceed (from something or somebody); take (something) as one's point of departure
- vtoNemerge from, originate from
作 zuò OC: tsaaɡs MC: tsuo̝ 23 Attributions
Zuò 作 (ant.* xiē 歇 "cease to exist, cease to be active, cease to happen") typically refers to something happening or arising for the first time, but the word can also refer to the emergence of persons like sages. [ORIGINAL], [SPECIFIC]
- Word relations
- Ant: 息/END
- Contrast: 動/GROW
- Synon: 起/ARISE
The most current general word for something arising is probably qǐ 起 (ant. zhǐ 止 "cease to exist"). [GENERAL]
- Syntactic words
- nabprocessthe coming into existence; origin
- vicome into being for the first time, make one's appearance, appear on the scene
- vt+prep+NN=placeto arise in/at NLZ
- vtoNcausativemake something emerge, provoke something
- vtoNpassivearise from
至 zhì OC: kljiɡs MC: tɕi 17 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nabeventoccurrence
- viprocessoccur, take place 大風至
萌 méng OC: mreeŋ MC: mɣɛŋ 12 Attributions
Méng 萌 is inchoative and refers to the initial stage of arising. [INCHOATIVE]
- Syntactic words
- nabmetaphysicalsubtle beginnings, incipient signs of things to come
- vichange未萌"has not even begun to arise": come into subtle early existence; begin to arise, come into existence
- vtoNarise from ZZ 所萌
興 xīng OC: qhɯŋ MC: hɨŋ 11 Attributions
Xīng 興 (ant. xí 息 "cease to be virulent") and fā 發 refer to something moving from an "incubatory" state to a state of manifest "virulence" and full development. [HIGH-DEGREE], [PERFECTIVE]
- Syntactic words
- viprocessarise; emerge
- vtoNcausativecause to arise
發 fā OC: pod MC: pi̯ɐt 9 Attributions
Xīng 興 (ant. xí 息 "cease to be virulent") and fā 發 refer to something moving from an "incubatory" state to a state of manifest "virulence" and full development. [HIGH-DEGREE], [PERFECTIVE]
- Word relations
- Contrast: 現 / 見/VISIBLE
- Assoc: 動/MOVE
The current general word for movement of any kind, psychological as well as physical, is dòng 動 (ant. jìng 靜 "remain still"). - Synon: 出/ARISE
Chū 出 (NB: rù 入cannot be used as an antonym for this meaning.) refers to something that pre-exists emerging or moving from an initial state of hiddenness or non-obviousness to a state of manifest visibility (in analogy with the basic meaning of the word "to come out"). [SPECIFIC] - Synon: 起/ARISE
The most current general word for something arising is probably qǐ 起 (ant. zhǐ 止 "cease to exist"). [GENERAL]
- Syntactic words
- vi(of disease) break out, become virulent; come out into the open
- vichangeerupt into action, develop; erupt, emerge; develop one's skills
- vt prep Narise in N; arise from NCH
來 lái OC: m-rɯɯ MC: ləi 6 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nabeventarising, occurrence
- viprocesscome to pass, arise
出現 chū xiàn OC: khljud ɡeens MC: tɕhʷit ɦen 3 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPichangecome forth and show itself > appear
- VPt+prep+Nemerge and become visible > show oneself in, emerge in, appear in (also: be born into)
始 shǐ OC: lʰɯʔ MC: ɕɨ 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- viprocessfirst arise
為 wéi OC: ɢʷal MC: ɦiɛ 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcausativeCAUSE TO HAPPEN> produce; lead to
產 chǎn OC: sqreenʔ MC: ʂɣɛn 2 Attributions
- Word relations
- Contrast: 出/ARISE
Chū 出 (NB: rù 入cannot be used as an antonym for this meaning.) refers to something that pre-exists emerging or moving from an initial state of hiddenness or non-obviousness to a state of manifest visibility (in analogy with the basic meaning of the word "to come out"). [SPECIFIC] - Contrast: 生/ARISE
Shēng 生 (ant. miè 滅 "be extinguished (as dinosaurs)") refers to the coming into existence of something which did not previously exist. [PERFECTIVE]
- Syntactic words
- vibe produced> arise 亂之所以產
興起 xīng qǐ OC: qhɯŋ khɯʔ MC: hɨŋ khɨ 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPichangeappear in abundance; arise fully, achieve its full development
有 yǒu OC: ɢʷɯʔ MC: ɦɨu 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vieventcome to exist
- viprocessturn upCH
到 dào OC: k-laaws MC: tɑu 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- viarise
升 shēng OC: qhljɯŋ MC: ɕɨŋ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- vichangearise
失 shī OC: lʰiɡ MC: ɕit 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- vt0oN{SUBJ}eventoccasionally, with postposed subject: come about: 失火 "fire breaks out"
搆 gòu OC: koos MC: ku 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- vtoNpassivebe made; be created > ensue, arise
結 jié OC: kiid MC: ket 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- viprocesstake shape, arise
襲 xí OC: zɯb MC: zip 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- vichangeto arise occasionally and pass away rapidly;
內生 nèi shēng OC: nuubs sraaŋ MC: nuo̝i ʂɣaŋ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPiprocessarise in the mind
生起 shēng qǐ OC: sraaŋ khɯʔ MC: ʂɣaŋ khɨ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPiarise
發中 fā zhōng OC: pod krluŋ MC: pi̯ɐt ʈuŋ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPiarise on the inside
發生 fā shēng OC: pod sraaŋ MC: pi̯ɐt ʂɣaŋ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPichangearise, come into existence
萌興 méng xīng OC: mreeŋ qhɯŋ MC: mɣɛŋ hɨŋ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPiprocesscome to arise and flourish
動 dòng OC: dooŋʔ MC: duŋ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- viprocessarise, start occurring
發起 fā qǐ OC: pod khɯʔ MC: pi̯ɐt khɨ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NPabarising, setting in motion
萌生 méng shēng OC: mreeŋ sraaŋ MC: mɣɛŋ ʂɣaŋ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPieventarise
Existing SW for
Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database: