BAD    壞惡／劣

The FEATURE of being NOT EXCELLENT OR GOOD.
SUBSTANDARDPOORINFERIORSECOND-RATESECOND-CLASSUNSATISFACTORYINADEQUATEUNACCEPTABLENOT UP TO SCRATCHNOT UP TO PARDEFICIENTIMPERFECTDEFECTIVEFAULTYSHODDYAMATEURISHCARELESSNEGLIGENTMISERABLESORRYINCOMPETENTINEPTINEXPERTINEFFECTUALAWFULATROCIOUSAPPALLINGEXECRABLEDEPLORABLETERRIBLEABYSMALGODAWFULCRUMMYROTTENPATHETICUSELESSWOEFULBUMLOUSYNOT UP TO SNUFFWICKEDEVILSINFULIMMORALMORALLY WRONGCORRUPTBASEBLACK-HEARTEDREPROBATEAMORALCRIMINALVILLAINOUSNEFARIOUSINIQUITOUSDISHONESTDISHONORABLEUNSCRUPULOUSUNPRINCIPLEDCROOKEDDIRTYDASTARDLY
Old Chinese Criteria
[ABSOLUTE/GRADED] [[COMMON/RARE]] [ELEVATED/INFORMAL] [GENERAL/SPECIFIC] [HIGH-DEGREE/LOW-DEGREE] 1. The most general word for what is inferior and not commendable, morally, aesthetically or otherwise, is è 惡 (ant. měi 美 "commendable"), but this word is also used to refer more specifically to wickedness. See WICKED [GENERAL] 2. Xià 下 (ant. shàng 上 "superior") is a colourless general way of referring to something being inferior to something else (which may or may not be specified) in any sense. [GRADED] 3. Liè 劣 (ant. yōu 優 "of higher quality") refers quite generally to inferior quality, but the word is not very frequent in pre-Buddhist Chinese. [HIGH-DEGREE]; [[RARE]] 4. Nú 駑 and the rarer tái 駘 (all ant. jùn 駿 "superior horse") refer specifically to inferior horses, and in a rather pictoresque metaphorical way these terms are sometimes used to refer to men of inferior quality. [ELEVATED], [SUBJ=HUMAN]; [[RARE]]
Modern Chinese Criteria
壞 劣 差 次 淺 破 糟 鬼 賴 孬 不好 不良 不行 不妙 不善 差勁 稀鬆 稀糟 糟糕 蹩腳 塗鴉 窳劣 二五眼 差點兒 驢鳴狗 不像話 不成話 要不得 一團糟 不足取 一無可取 一塌糊塗 看不上眼 不堪設想 惡劣 低劣 粗劣 卑劣 拙劣 蕪劣 猥劣 下劣 猥陋 猥鄙 卑下 劣 惡 歹 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • UGLY　BAD in APPEARANCE when SEEN. (anc: 5/0, child: 1)
  • WICKED　MORALLY BAD. (anc: 5/0, child: 6)
  • REACTIONARY　POLITICALLY BAD so as to TRY to PREVENT PROGRESS in SOCIETY. (anc: 5/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • APPROPRIATEEXCELLENT in a DEFINED SITUATION OR FOR a DEFINED NEED.
  • EXCELLENTFEATURE BECAUSE of which SOMETHING OR SOMEONE IS OR SHOULD BE PREFERRED to OTHERS
  • GOODEXCELLENT in VIRTUE OR in IMPORTANT SKILL.
Hypernym
  • FEATURE　ABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE. (anc: 3/0, child: 19)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
  • PRIME　 (anc: 1/0, child: 2)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 16.72

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    WORSE

    deterior refers to something that has degenerated from a superior good state.

    peior refers to something that has been bad but

    has become worse.

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    MALITIA/MALUM

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 3.284

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 5.653

    MALUM

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 188

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.229.188

    CHETIF.MAUVAIS

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.274

  • Divisiones quae vulgo dicuntur Aristoteleae ( DIVISIONES 1906) p. B 3/6/57

    • Words (33 items)

    小人  xiǎo rén OC: smewʔ njin MC: siɛu ȵin 173 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 君子/GOOD Jūn zǐ 君子 (ant. xiǎo rén 小人 "petty man") refers to high moral qualities, especially in men.
    • Ant: 大人/HERO
    • Ant: 賢/GOOD Xián 賢 (ant. 不肖"person of inferior worth and talent") adds to the notion of an intellectual of some education that of special talent, and sometimes also of moral worth. See TALENT.
    • Ant: 聖人/HERO

      Syntactic words
    • NPabconceptthe concept of a petty man; being a petty man
    • NPadNmoralpetty, characteristic of a petty person
    • NPdefinitethe petty people (often quantified: all)
    • NPimmoralmalicious or immoral petty personCH
    • NPindefinitepetty people
    • NPindefinitepetty person
    • NPnonreferentialpetty person, person of deficient moral character
    • NP{PRED}be a despicable petty person
    • VPimoralbe petty
    惡  è OC: qaaɡ MC: ʔɑk 48 Attributions

    The most general word for what is inferior and not commendable, morally, aesthetically or otherwise, is è 惡 (ant. měi 美 "commendable"), but this word is also used to refer more specifically to wickedness. See WICKED [GENERAL]

      Word relations
    • Ant: 善/GOOD The general term for positive appraisal of any kind in Chinese is shàn 善 (ant. è 惡 "bad").
    • Ant: 德/GOOD
    • Ant: 賢/EXCELLENT
    • Ant: 懿/GOOD
    • Ant: 美/EXCELLENT Měi 美 (ant. è 惡 "of bad quality") when it does not have its standard meaning "beauty" indicates striking or admirable high quality of anything concrete or abstract.
    • Ant: 良/EXCELLENT The standard current general word for anything or anyone who naturally meets certain generally accepted high standards of excellence is liáng 良 (ant. liè 劣 "inferior").
    • Ant: 美/GOOD
    • Epithet: 疾/ILLNESS Jí 疾 is the oldest general word for illness and sometimes continues to be used in this generalised way, but the word often came to refer more specifically to an acute short-term medical condition, and especially a change in medical condition, that can be very serious but is not normally construed as chronic.
    • Assoc: 凶/WICKED Xiōng 凶 refers to a baneful wickedness that bodes ill for the future.

      Syntactic words
    • nab.post-Nfeaturebad image; bad points, dishonourable points　三惡
    • nab[.post-N]one's own bad points; one's own bad imageCH
    • nabconceptbadnessCH
    • v[adN1.]post-N2bad points of N2CH
    • v[adN]what is badCH
    • v[adN]nonreferentialwhat is bad; what is undesirable
    • vadNbad; dishonourable; offensive (words); of bad quality (clothes); malignant (of disease); foul (of smells)
    • vadV(eat) badly, nastily, (smell) foul; dishonourably
    • vibe bad; be dishonourable; be offensive (words); be of bad quality (clothes);be malignant (of disease); be foul (of smells)LZ
    • vtoNcausativederived: cast a bad light on N, make N look badCH
    不如  bù rú OC: pɯʔ nja MC: pi̯ut ȵi̯ɤ 45 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)be not as good as the contextually determinate N; be lesser than
    • VPt+NPab{S}stativebe inferior to S
    • VPt+V[0]be not as good as V-ing
    • VPtoNstative吾不如老農"I am inferior to an old peasant":be inferior to; be lesser than; be not as good as
    • vt(o.N1adN2)be inferior the contextually determinate N2 of the contextually determinate N1CH
    下  xià OC: ɢraaʔ MC: ɦɣɛ 15 Attributions

    Xià 下 (ant. shàng 上 "superior") is a colourless general way of referring to something being inferior to something else (which may or may not be specified) in any sense. [GRADED]

      Syntactic words
    • v[adN1.]post-N2the worst example
    • v[adN]N=thingwhat is of inferior quality
    • vadNof lower quality, of the lower kind; inferior
    • vadNsocialon an inferior level of culture
    • vibe of inferior quality, be of a lower kind; be inferior; be of inferior moral mettle
    • vtoNstativebe inferior to N
    駑  nú OC: naa MC: nuo̝ 10 Attributions

    Nú 駑 and the rarer tái 駘 (all ant. jùn 駿 "superior horse") refer specifically to inferior horses, and in a rather pictoresque metaphorical way these terms are sometimes used to refer to men of inferior quality.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNof horses (and sometimes men): weak, of bad quality, not very useful
    • viof horses (and sometimes men): be of inferior quality; not very useful
    次  cì OC: snʰis MC: tshi 8 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • nsubjectthat which is the next best
    • vibe inferior; be the next best
    不良  bù liáng OC: pɯʔ ɡ-raŋ MC: pi̯ut li̯ɐŋ 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VP(adN)litotesthe contextually determinate thing that is not good> bad
    • VPadNlitotesbad
    • VPilitotesbe bad
    劣  liè OC: ɡ-rod MC: liɛt 3 Attributions

    Liè 劣 (ant. yōu 優 "of higher quality") refers quite generally to inferior quality, but the word is not very frequent in pre-Buddhist Chinese. [HIGH-DEGREE]; [[RARE]]

      Word relations
    • Ant: 優/EXCELLENT Yōu 優 (ant. liè 劣 "inferior") and cháng 長 (ant. duǎn 短 "of lesser quality") refers to a distinct advantage in excellence compared with some reference group or some point of reference.
    • Ant: 長/EXCELLENT Yōu 優 (ant. liè 劣 "inferior") and cháng 長 (ant. duǎn 短 "of lesser quality") refers to a distinct advantage in excellence compared with some reference group or some point of reference.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNof lesser quality
    • vibe of minor moral quality
    甚  shèn OC: ɡljums MC: dʑim 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • v[adV]be exceedingly (bad)
    • vt+prep+Nbe worse than
    短  duǎn OC: toonʔ MC: tʷɑn 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNtrvial; deficient, less than interestingCH
    • vigradedbe inferior when relevantly compared with other things
    非  fēi OC: pɯl MC: pɨi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNbadLZ
    • VPibe of the wrong kind; be bad 
    不恭  bù gōng OC: pɯʔ koŋ MC: pi̯ut ki̯oŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPab{vt{NEG}+V(.adN)}lack of dignity
    • VPibe undignified; show lack of dignity
    弊惡  bì è OC: beds qaaɡ MC: biɛi ʔɑk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNold and wicked > damned
    • VPibe quite bad
    不當  bù dàng MC: pjut tangH OC: pɯʔ taaŋs 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]bad point, flawLZ
    • VPibe inappropriate DS
    駑散  nú sǎn MC: nu sanX OC: naa sqaanʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe inept, be good-for-nothingLZ
    不韙  bù wěi OC: pɯʔ ɢulʔ MC: pi̯ut ɦɨi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adNab]unjust practices; bad deeds
    邪  xié OC: sɢlja MC: zɣɛ 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Ant: 精 / 菁/EXCELLENT Jīng 精 (of general application) (ant. cū 粗 "of only rough quality") and ruì 銳(typically applied to military prowess) (ant. dùn 鈍 "of lesser quality") refer to above-average performance without suggestion individual excellence.
    • Assoc: /

      Syntactic words
    • vadNof bad quality, of bad effect on people 邪氣
    小人者  xiǎo rén zhě OC: smewʔ njin kljaʔ MC: siɛu ȵin tɕɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPmoralthe petty person
    其下  qí xià MC: gi haeX OC: ɡɯ ɢraaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadSthe worst way is SDS
    不令  bù lìng OC: pɯʔ ɡ-reŋ MC: pi̯ut liɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNformal: of the bad sort
    • VPibe uncontrollable, be beyond control; be indulgently insubordinateCH
    不信  bù xìn MC: pjut sinH OC: pɯʔ sins 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiinchoativebecome unreliable DS
    壞  huài OC: ɡruuls MC: ɦɣɛi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNdeleterious
    滋甚  zī shèn OC: tsɯ ɡljumʔ MC: tsɨ dʑim 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPimake things worse
    擇  zé OC: ɡrlaaɡ MC: ɖɣɛk 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 淫/UNRESTRAINED Yín 淫 can come to refer to extravagance as a symptom of general indulgence.

      Syntactic words
    • vibe inappropriate, offensive, outrageous
    敗  bài OC: braads MC: bɣɛi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNfigurativerotten> depraved, good-for-nothing
    不腆  bù tiǎn OC: pɯʔ thɯɯnʔ MC: pi̯ut then 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNof bad quality
    病  bìng MC: bjaengH OC: bɢraŋs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNregard an evil; regard as bad for oneCH
    脩  xiū OC: sqlɯw MC: sɨu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNuncivilised; French: inculte
    • vttoN1.+N2reflect on N1 with respect to N2
    駘  tái OC: lɯɯ MC: dəi 0 Attributions

    Nú 駑 and the rarer tái 駘 (all ant. jùn 駿 "superior horse") refer specifically to inferior horses, and in a rather pictoresque metaphorical way these terms are sometimes used to refer to men of inferior quality. [ELEVATED], [SUBJ=HUMAN]; [[RARE]]

      Syntactic words
    • ninferior creature, inferior horse; sometimes: inferior person (for use in the bureaucracy)
    亞  yà OC: qraaɡs MC: ʔɣɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNinferior; lower (rank); second in rank; junior
    • vibe inferior (SHU)
    不恕  bù shù OC: pɯʔ hnjas MC: pi̯ut ɕi̯ɤ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPpostadVmindlessnessly of the concerns of others
    欿  kǎn OC: ɡloomʔ MC: ɦəm 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe inferior, wanting (MENG) 欿然
    為下  wéi xià OC: ɢʷal ɢraaʔ MC: ɦiɛ ɦɣɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialsomeone who is inferior