THING  東西

CONCRETE OBJECT.
Hypernym
See also
  • CONCRETEOBJECT OR FEATURE which HUMANS CAN PERCEIVE USING THEIR ORGANS of PERCEIVE:perception. 
    Hyponym
    • CAUSE　SITUATION OR THING which CAUSES something TO HAPPEN OR to be TRUE.
      • BECAUSE　SENTENCE-CONNECTIVE to the effect that S1 is the CAUSE:reason for S2 being TRUE. [GRAMMAR]
      • PRETEXT　PRETENDED AND NOT REAL CAUSE for ACTING.
      • KARMA　CAUSE which HAS EFFECTS IN FUTURE GENERATIONS.
    • EARTH　INTENSELY LARGE THING on the SURFACE of which HUMANS AND ANIMALS LIVE.
      • EXAMPLE　THING which HAS the COMMON FEATURES of a certain CATEGORY.
        • MODEL　EXAMPLE IMITATED OR EMULATED.
      • PROPERTY　THINGS one POSSESSES.
        • ASSET　IMPORTANT ENDURING PROPERTY. 
        • BOOTY　PROPERTY TAKEN FROM an ENEMY in WAR, OR STOLEN.
        • WEALTH　BIG PROPERTY.
        • CAPITAL　BIG MONEY PROPERTY.
      • STAR　VISIBLE THING IN the NIGHT SKY LACKING CLOUDS.
        • MOON　STAR INTENSELY NEAR TO, AND MOVING ROUND, the EARTH.
        • SUN　MOST BIG HOT STAR IN the SKY, CAUSING LIGHT on EARTH.
        • COMET　INTENSELY SHORT LIVED STAR.
        • PLANET　
        • STARS　STAR NAMES.
      • SUBSTANCE　THING NOT SEPARATED into SEPARATE PARTS.
        • ASH　SUBSTANCE that REMAINS AFTER a THING is BURNT. 
        • FOOD　SUBSTANCE USED by CREATURES....
        • LACQUER　SUBSTANCE USED to CAUSE SURFACES TO BECOME INTENSELY SMOOTH AND TO RESEMBLE GLASS. []
        • METAL　HARD INTENSELY HEAVY SUBSTANCE OFTEN USED FOR PRODUCING ARTEFACTS, TOOLS, AND WEAPONS. []...
        • POISON　SUBSTANCE which CAN INTENSELY HARM HUMANS OR ANIMALS.
        • SOIL　SUBSTANCE ON the EARTH in which PLANTS GROW....
        • STONE　COMMON INTENSELY HARD SUBSTANCE in LANDSCAPE....
        • ENERGY　ABSTRACT SUBSTANCE which CONTAINS a FORCE.
        • TIMBER　SUBSTANCE OF the MAIN PART of TREES....
        • GREASE　SUBSTANCE which is not MUSCLE AND CAUSES one to be FAT OR RESEMBLING SUBSTANCE PRODUCED USING ANIMALS OR PLANTS.
        • DRUG　SUBSTANCE USED FOR CURING OR PREVENTING DISEASES.
        • COAL　BLACK SUBSTANCE PRODUCED USING TIMBER, AND USED FOR BURNING.
        • IVORY　SUBSTANCE of LARGE ELEPHANT TEETH USED FOR PRODUCING ORNAMENTS.
        • CINNABAR　HEAVY REDDISH MINERAL SUBSTANCE the most important ore of mercury.
        • RUBBISH　DISCARDED SUBSTANCE OR THING.
        • COTTON　WHITE SOFT SUBSTANCE RESEMBLING WOOL.
        • GLASS　COMMON HARD SUBSTANCE one CAN LOOK THROUGH which is OFTEN USED FOR WINDOWS.
        • EXCREMENT　SUBSTANCE consisting of what is excreted by humans of animals in defecation.
        • OIL　A LIQUID which does NOT FREEZE, BURNS, AND does NOT MIX WITH WATER. []
        • SMOKE　AIRY SUBSTANCE CAUSED-TO RISE by FIRE.
        • SOAP　A SUBSTANCE USED FOR REMOVING DIRT WHEN WASHING.
        • SUGAR　INTENSELY COMMON SWEET SUBSTANCE OFTEN USED IN COOKING. [CHEMISTRY]
        • TOBACCO　The PLANT SUBSTANCE one BURNS AND SUCKS the SMOKE of FOR ENJOYMENT.
        • LIQUID　SUBSTANCE which CAN FLOW....
        • GLUE　A SUBSTANCE USED FOR CAUSING THINGS to be INTENSELY LINKED.
        • PERFUME　SUBSTANCE USED FOR PRODUCING BEAUTIFUL ODOURS.
        • GAS　SUBSTANCE IN which THINGS CAN FLOAT AND FLY BUT NOT SWIM.
        • BODY TISSUE　IMPORTANT NOT LIQUID SUBSTANCES IN THE BODY....
      • ARTEFACT　THING PRODUCED by MAN.
        • BUILDING　BIG ARTEFACT PRODUCED FOR HUMANS OR ANIMALS to DWELL in OR BE-IN, or MOVE ON....
        • DOCUMENT　ARTEFACT PRODUCED FOR CONTAINING WRITING....
        • FENCE　TIMBER ARTEFACT which SHOWS the BOUNDARY of a TYPICALLY SMALL TERRITORY and HINDERS OTHERS from ENTERING that TERRITORY.
        • GARMENT　CLOTH ARTEFACT WORN by HUMANS IN ORDER TO CAUSE THEMSELVES TO FEEL COMFORTABLE. ...
        • MIRROR　FLAT ARTEFACT PRODUCED FOR CAUSING one to be ABLE SEE ONESELF in it.
        • MONEY　STANDARD SYSTEM of ARTEFACTS, PRODUCED CONFORMING to a LAW, AND USED EVERYWHERE IN A SOCIETY, CONFORMING to DEFINED RULES, to EXCHANGE ALL OTHER THINGS for....
        • MUSICAL INSTRUMENT　TOOLS USED FOR PRODUCING MUSIC....
        • NET　ARTEFACT of TIED THREADS, CONTAINING MANY BIG HOLES BETWEEN the THREADS.
        • PICTURE　ARTEFACT on a FLAT SURFACE OFTEN:typically INTENDED to DEPICT or to COMMUNICATE something....
        • SYMBOL　ARTEFACT USED FOR REFERRING to something INTENSELY DIFFERENT from that ARTEFACT....
        • TARGET　SMALL ARTEFACT one TRIES to SHOOT INTO in ARCHERY ETC..
        • THREAD　INTENSELY LONG THIN ARTEFACT PRODUCED USING COTTON, WOOL, SILK ETC, TYPICALLY USED FOR SEWING OR TYING UP THINGS ETC.....
        • TOY　ARTEFACT USED FOR PLAYING with....
        • STOVE　ARTEFACT USED TO COOK OR CAUSE ROOMS to BECOME WARM.
        • CLOTH　ARTEFACT TYPICALLY PRODUCED by WEAVING OR KNITTING, SOMETIMES USED FOR PRODUCING GARMENTS....
        • FURNITURE　ARTEFACTS OFTEN PRODUCED USING TIMBER OR BAMBOO FOR CAUSING ROOMS to BECOME APPROPRIATE DWELLINGS....
        • TOOL　ARTEFACT PRODUCED FOR USE USING a DEFINED METHOD....
        • ORNAMENT　ARTEFFACT USED so as to PUT it on something FOR EMBELLISHING this thing....
        • PAPER　FLAT LIGHTWEIGHT THIN ARTEFACT PRODUCED USING GROUND TIMBER, USED FOR WRITING ON it.
        • PILLOW　OFTEN (BUT NOT ALWAYS!) SOFT ARTEFACT USED TO SUPPORT the HEAD of SLEEPING HUMANS.
        • MASK　ARTEFACT RESEMBLING a FACE AND WORN ON the FACE.
        • BRICK　BURNT CLAY STONE USED FOR BUILDING BUILDINGS.
        • SADDLE　ARTIFACT one PUTS ON a HORSE FOR SITTING AND RIDING ON the HORSE.
        • MONUMENT　PUBLIC SYMBOLIC ARTEFACT which CELEBRATES a PERSON OR EVENT.
        • CONTAINER　ARTEFACT PRODUCED TO CONTAIN THINGS....
        • FRAME　ARTEFACT USED TO SURROUND AND HOLD UP A THING.
      • GIFT　GOOD THING which one GIVES to someone.
        • BRIBE　NOT LEGITIMATE GIFT so as to INFLUENCE the DECISIONS of an OFFICIAL OR POWERFUL HUMAN.
        • CHARITY　PRIVATE GENEROUS GIFTS INTENDED to PROFIT the PEOPLE.
        • ALMS　GENEROUS SPONTANEOUS GIFT TO THE POOR.
      • CREATURE　LIVING THING.
        • DEITY　SUPERNATURAL CREATURE....
        • ANIMAL　CREATURE ABLE to FEEL AND MOVE....
        • PLANT　CREATURE that CAN NOT VOLUTARILY MOVE....
      • ATOM　THING that is conceived of as no longer divisible into smaller things.
        Old Chinese Criteria
        1. The current standard word for any physical or non-physical object or creature is wù 物.

        2. Shì 事 refers to a things as a subject matter, or as an event.

        3. Shí 實 is a philosophical concept referring to any object or reality of any kind.

        Modern Chinese Criteria
        事物

        物

        東西

        rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

        • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 9.90

        • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 1076

          RES

        • Table de definitions, pp. 437- ( LEIBNIZ 1704) p. 437

          Ens, Res quod distincte concipi potest.

          Existens quod distincte percipi potest.

        • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. 547

        • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. I.295

        • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 2.249

          DING

        • Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy ( ZHANG DAINIAN 2002) p. 65

        • Quiddities. An Intermittently Philosophical Dictionary ( QUINE 1987) p. 204

        Words

        物  wù OC: mɯd MC: mi̯ut 67 Attributions

        The current standard word for any physical or non-physical object or creature is wù 物.　GUODIAN 158 凡見者謂之物

          Word relations
        • Ant: 無 / 毋 / 亡 / 无/LACK The general term for the lack or the failure to have something is wú 無 (ant. yǒu 有 "have").
        • Contrast: 貨/PROPERTY Huò 貨 refers to property, particularly precious metals or jade etc, insofar as these may be traded or is considered as being a possible object for trading.
        • Assoc: 萬/ALL
        • Oppos: 身/PERSON Shēn 身 regularly refers to the embodied person, as something to be cultivated, and as something to be morally careful about, but the word is originally widely used to refer to the physical body as such being at times hard to distinguish from the figurative use discussed in this group. The word is very often reflexive.

          Syntactic words
        • nkind of thing; kind of object
        • nab(abstract) matter or event or state of affairs
        • nab.post-V{NUM}(countable) abstract items
        • nababstract matters mentionedabstract matter mentioned earlier in the textCH
        • nabfeature(non-specific reference 泛指) any thing, object, matter or event or state of affairs 天下重物也
        • nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
        • nccspecimens of these three types
        • nderivedmaterial resourcesLZ
        • ngeneralisedthingsCH
        • nplural; derogatorymere (outside) thingsCH
        • npost-Vthing characterised by the feature VDS
        • npronpro=objsomethingDS
        • n{PRED}be a thingCH
        • vihave the properties of a thing
        • vtoNattitudinaltreat as a thing
        • vtoNattitudinal, passivebe treated as thing
        事  shì OC: dzrɯs MC: ɖʐɨ 36 Attributions

        hì 事 refers to a things as a subject matter, or as an event.

          Syntactic words
        • nmatter of any kindCH
        • nabbuddhistBUDDH: phenomenon (pertaining to the relative truth as opposed to lǐ 理 which points to underlying true nature of things)
        • nabmetaphysicalaffairs; matter, thing; subject matter (of a painting) 不然之事
        • nab{PRED}.post-Vbe an V matterCH
        色  sè OC: sqrɯɡ MC: ʂɨk 9 Attributions

          Word relations
        • Oppos: 空/EMPTY Kōng 空 (ant. mǎn 滿 "filled up") generally refers to literal emptiness of a container, but used adjectivally the word also has abstract uses as in kōng yán 空言 "empty words, abstract insubstantial discourse".

          Syntactic words
        • nZhuangzi, but later mostly BUDDH: form, matter, physical objects (the object which is perceived); SANSKRIT rūpa
        • nadNbuddhistBUDDH: made of form, with the charactersitics of form
        無情  wú qíng OC: ma dzeŋ MC: mi̯o dziɛŋ 9 Attributions

        • The Semantics of Qíng 情 in Chan Buddhist Chinese Love and Emotions in Traditional Chinese Literature ( ANDERL 2004A) p.

          Syntactic words
        • NP[adN]BUDDH: those which do not have emotions/mental activity > non-sentient objects (this usually also includes plants)
        • VPiBUDDH: have the existence of an non-animated thing; be an object; exist as object
        故  gù OC: kaas MC: kuo̝ 8 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • nab.post-Nsubject matter constituted by N; affairs regarding N; business regarding N
        • nabpluralmatters, eventsCH
        • nabproblemthings to do; affairs 周室多故 "the house of Zhou has many problematic affairs". (GUOYU)
        用  yòng OC: k-loŋs MC: ji̯oŋ 5 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • nnecessary goods, needed materials, needs, resources; necessary expenses
        實  shí OC: ɢljiɡ MC: ʑit 4 Attributions

        Shí 實 is a philosophical concept referring to any object or reality of any kind.

          Syntactic words
        • nreal object; real result, concrete result
        物事  wù shì OC: mɯd dzrɯs MC: mi̯ut ɖʐɨ 4 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • NPnonreferentialmatter of any kind
        聲色  shēng sè OC: qjeŋ sqrɯɡ MC: ɕiɛŋ ʂɨk 4 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • NPab{N1&N2}nonreferentialthe world of (beautiful) sounds/music and colourful things
        • NPsongs and womensongs and women
        大小  dà xiǎo OC: daads smewʔ MC: dɑi siɛu 3 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • NP{N1&N2}subject=plurallarge and small things
        者  zhě MC: tsyaeX OC: kljaʔCH 3 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • npro{PRED}.post-Vbe the thing that V-sCH
        • npro.post-Vthe thing(s) that VCH
        • npro.post-V{NUM}item, thing CH
        生  shēng OC: sraaŋ MC: ʂɣaŋ 2 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • nliving creatures; livestock
        處  chù OC: qhljas MC: tɕhi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • nabmetaphysicalBUDDH: ("place in the universe">) item in the universe; sphere of items
        物類  wù lèi OC: mɯd ruds MC: mi̯ut li 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • NPpluralthings; creatures
        本分事  běn fèn shì OC: pɯɯnʔ bɯns dzrɯs MC: puo̝n bi̯un ɖʐɨ 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • NPabbuddhistthe matter of one's originally alloted fate / one's alloted occupation (> one's destination in life) Green 1998: "fact of my nature" (?)Muller (DDB) on 本分 : "Original participation in Buddhahood. The aspect of the human being as being originally endowed with the Buddha-nature. " See: http://www.buddhism-dict.net/cgi-bin/xpr-ddb.pl?67.xml+id('b672c-5206')
        有情无情  yǒu qíng wú qíng OC: ɢʷɯʔ dzeŋ ma dzeŋ MC: ɦɨu dziɛŋ mi̯o dziɛŋ 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • NPpluralanimate and inanimate things
        外物  wài wù MC: ngwajH mjut OC: ŋoods mɯdCH 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • NPexternal thingsCH
        器  qì 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • nnonreferentialgeneral: concrete things/matters 形而上謂之器CH
        彫琢  diāo zhuó MC: tew traewk OC: tɯɯw rtooɡLZ 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • NPthings decorated by carvingsLZ
        物用  wù yòng MC: mjut yowngH OC: mɯd k-loŋsLZ 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • NPnecessary and/or useful thingsLZ
        百用  bǎi yòng MC: paek yowngH OC: praaɡ k-loŋsLZ 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • NPall kinds of necessary thingsLZ
        器物  qì wù MC: khijH mjut OC: khrɯds mɯdDS 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • NPpluralobjects; things; artefacts DS
        具  jù OC: ɡos MC: gi̯o 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • nentity, object
        品  pǐn OC: phrɯmʔ MC: phim 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • ncountedOBI: sacrificial item
        • nmkinds of products
        何物  hé wù OC: ɡlaal mɯd MC: ɦɑ mi̯ut 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • NPChristian Ungrammatical Outlandish Chinese: something
        百物  bǎi wù OC: praaɡ mɯd MC: pɣɛk mi̯ut 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • NPdefiniteall kinds of things
        萬物  wàn wù OC: mblans mɯd MC: mi̯ɐn mi̯ut 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        有形之類  yǒu xíng zhī lèi OC: ɢʷɯʔ ɡeeŋ kljɯ ruds MC: ɦɨu ɦeŋ tɕɨ li 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • NPphysical thing; creature with a physical body
          Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • NPexternal thingsCH
          Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • NPexternal thingsCH
          Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • npro.post-V{NUM}item, thing CH

        Existing SW for

        Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database: