DOCUMENT  文獻書

ARTEFACT PRODUCED FOR CONTAINING WRITING.
WRITINGWORKSCOMPOSITIONSBOOKSPUBLICATIONSOEUVREPAPERSARTICLESESSAYS
Hypernym
  • PAGEPART of a DOCUMENT OR DOCUMENT WRITTEN ON ONLY ONE SURFACE of an INTENSELY THIN FLAT THING, TYPICALLY PAPER.
    • PARAGRAPHPART of a DOCUMENT, consisting of MANY SENTENCES, SMALL IN-RELATION-TO a CHAPTER.
      See also
      Hyponym
      • CALENDAR　LIST of the DAYS of the YEAR.
        • CLASSIC　DOCUMENT of INTENSELY BIG AUTHORITY, TYPICALLY USED in EDUCATION.
          • LETTER　PRIVATE DOCUMENT FOR SENDING TO, and ADDRESSING, someone.
            • MEMORIAL　PUBLIC LETTER ADDRESSED to a RULER.
          • STATIONARY　EMPTY DOCUMENT.
            • BOOK VOLUME　DOCUMENT of MANY PAGES TIED TOGETHER.
              • LIST　DOCUMENT JUXTAPOSES NAMES of THINGS.
              • DICTIONARY　DOCUMENT which SYSTEMATICALLY EXPLAINS the WORDS of a LANGUAGE.
                • LITERATURE　DOCUMENT CREATED as ART OR BELIEVED to BE ART.
                  • FICTION　LITERATURE DESCRIBING IMAGINED EVENTS that are NOT REAL....
                  • POETRY　LITERATURE which is RHYMED OR which is LIKE RHYMED LITERATURE.
                • COMMENTARY　DOCUMENT which SYSTEMATICALLY EXPLAINS the MEANING of ANOTHER DOCUMENT.
                  • BOOK　BIG DOCUMENT CONTAINING MANY CHAPTERS.
                    • ENCYCLOPAEDIA　BOOK which TRIES to COLLECT SYSTEMATICALLY ALL BASIC KNOWLEDGE.
                  • NEWSPAPER　PUBLIC PRINTED DOCUMENT PUBLISHED ALL:every DAY, WEEK, OR MONTH.
                    • POEM　DOCUMENT WRITTEN IN SHORT LINES, TYPICALLY of REGULAR RHYTHM AND HAVING RHYME.
                      • EPIC　INTENSELY BIG REPORTING>NARRATIVE POEM.
                      • SONG　POEM SUNG CONFORMING to a MELODY.
                    • BIOGRAPHY　DOCUMENT DESCRIBING THE LIFE OF A HUMAN.
                    • PREFACE　DOCUMENT AT THE BEGINNING OR END OF A BOOK, EXPLAINING ITS WRITING.
                      • GENRE　DOCUMENT BELONGING TO A CULTURALLY DEFINED TYPE AND STYLE.
                        Old Chinese Criteria
                        1. The dominant general word for everything written is shū 書. (However, note that the word also refers specifically to a letter.)

                        2. Zhì 志 typically refers to a systematic coherent record.

                        3. Jì 記 refers to an ordered record designed to serve as an aide-memoire.

                        4. Jí 籍 refers to a formal and official record, typically a population register or a written official statute.

                        5. Zhuàn 傳 refers to an explanatory record, typically a record based on or commenting upon other written sources.

                        6. Lǎn 覽 refers to a comprehensive survey on a subject.

                        7. Xí 檄 refers to a written military command.

                        8. Sān chǐ 三尺 refers to the text of a law formally inscribed on large three-foot tablets.

                        9. Cè 冊／策 refers to a document, typically in the form of a bundle of bamboo strips.

                        NB: Xìn 信 "letter" is post-Han.

                        黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
                        HUANG JINGUI 2006

                        COMMUNICATIONS 4.

                        書，一切書面記錄。

                        籍，文獻檔案的通稱。

                        簿，賬目和文書記事本； “ 帳 ” 出現後， “ 簿 ” 專表文書記事本。

                        帳，錢財進出的記錄本。

                        Modern Chinese Criteria
                        文獻

                        公文

                        文件

                        証書

                        証券

                        縹帙

                        緗帙

                        縹緗

                        卷帙

                        卷帙浩繁

                        rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

                        • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 18.61

                        • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 1966) p. 236

                          Schreibaefelchen:

                        • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 729

                          Buch:

                          F collects many Han reliefs depicting books.

                        • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 800

                          Schriftstueck:

                        • 古代文化詞異集類辨考 Gudai wenhua ci yi ji lei bian kao ( HUANG JINGUI 1995) p.

                        • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

                          SCRIPTIO

                        • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 89

                        • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 232

                        • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 3.341

                        • "Sachwoerterbuch zum Alten China" ( UNGER SACH) p.

                          NEKROLOG

                        • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 125

                        Words

                        書  shū OC: qhlja MC: ɕi̯ɤ 100 AttributionsWD

                        The dominant general word for everything written is shū 書. (However, note that the word also refers specifically to a letter.)

                          Word relations
                        • Contrast: 詩/SONG Shī 詩 refers to a regularly rhymed song with a generally regular number of syllables per line.
                        • Assoc: 籍/DOCUMENT Jǐ2 籍 refers to a formal and official record, typically a population register or a written official statute.
                        • Oppos: 言/SPEAK Yán 言 is to speak up, propose, typically in public, and on one's own initiative, to maintain something, and the word can indroduce direct speech as well as occasionally very limited indirect speech.

                          Syntactic words
                        • nliterary document; writings; written document of any kind; often specifically: official document; book; stationary
                        • nprthe Book of Documents
                        文字  wén zì OC: mɯn sɡlɯs MC: mi̯un dzɨ 20 AttributionsWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPmliterature; written material; texts
                        策  cè OC: skhreeɡ MC: ʈʂhɣɛk
                        冊  cè OC: skhreeɡ MC: ʈʂhɣɛk
                        筴  cè OC: skhreeɡ MC: ʈʂhɣɛk 13 AttributionsWD

                        Cè 冊／策 refers to a document, typically in the form of a bundle of bamboo strips.

                          Syntactic words
                        • nbundle of bamboo strips for writing on; document; recordsbamboo or wooden strips woven together as a mat (the character 冊 depicts this). Ordinarily hemp was used for string, but silk could be used for especially valuable writings; perhaps leather ( 韋 ) was used in a similar way. On each strip were cut triangular indentations to keep the string in place. It was common to have two or three strings ( 編, 道 ). The last strip served as a center around which the 冊 was wrapped. On the back of the first strip the title of the 冊 could be written. Each strip could have a serial number. 冊 and 策 appear to be used interchangably, except that wheras 策 is a general word for strips of any length women in the above way, 策 (cf. its original meaning of "whip") is preferably made of rather long strips. 冊 is not used for counting written material. [JP]STATIONARY
                        • nadVfigurativeusing a formal document, certified by a document > legally > formally, officially
                        • nexaminationexamination document
                        春秋  chūn qiū OC: thjun tshiw MC: tɕhʷin tshɨu 13 AttributionsWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPprAnnals; often specifically: the Annals attributed to Confucius
                        傳  zhuàn OC: dons MC: ɖiɛn 10 AttributionsWD

                        Zhuàn 傳 refers to an explanatory record, typically a record based on or commenting upon other written sources.

                          Syntactic words
                        • ntraditional account based on pre-existing sources, tradition
                        • nspecificpassport
                        記  jì OC: kɯs MC: kɨ 10 AttributionsWD

                        Jì 記 refers to an ordered record designed to serve as an aide-memoire.

                          Syntactic words
                        • n(that which is recorded>) a record; ordered record to aid memory; a written notice
                        笏  hù OC: hmɯɯd MC: huot 6 AttributionsWD
                        • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 762

                          hu:

                          Very common on Han reliefs.

                          Syntactic words
                        • nwooden tablet inscribed with duties at court; ritual 笏 were made of jade
                        志  zhì OC: kljɯs MC: tɕɨ 4 AttributionsWD

                        Zhì 志 typically refers to a systematic coherent record.2

                          Syntactic words
                        • npublic and official record; document
                        籍  jí OC: sɡaɡ MC: dziɛk 4 AttributionsWD

                        Jǐ2 籍 refers to a formal and official record, typically a population register or a written official statute.

                          Word relations
                        • Object: 据據 / 據/RELY ON
                        • Epithet: 法/LAW The current general word for a law, a legal system or any legal provision of any kind is fǎ 法.
                        • Contrast: 典/CLASSIC Diǎn 典 is highly archaic and begins to be obsolete by Warring States times though the word did survive as a deliberate archaism.See also DECREE and LAW
                        • Contrast: 簿/DOCUMENT
                        • Assoc: 簿/DOCUMENT
                        • Assoc: 書/DOCUMENT The dominant general word for everything written is shū 書. (However, note that the word also refers specifically to a letter.)
                        • Assoc: 篇/BOOK VOLUME Piān 篇 refers to any series of writing tablets strung together in the right order that represent some complete piece of writing.
                        • Assoc: 法/LAW The current general word for a law, a legal system or any legal provision of any kind is fǎ 法.

                          Syntactic words
                        • ndocuments of statedocuments of state, statutes of stateCH
                        • nstate-officialdocuments of state; written non-legal records of state
                        • vtoNpassiveN have been registered; a list of Ns have been madeDS
                        簡書  jiǎn shū OC: kreenʔ qhlja MC: kɣɛn ɕi̯ɤ 4 AttributionsWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPwriting on bamboo> bamboo document
                        經典  jīng diǎn OC: keeŋ tɯɯnʔ MC: keŋ ten 4 AttributionsWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPsutra
                        • NPc(concrete) classic, scripture
                        • NPpluralHANSHU: the received scriptures; sutra
                        論  lùn OC: ɡ-ruuns MC: luo̝n 3 AttributionsWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • ntreatise
                        • nbuddhistsutra
                        三藏  sān zàng OC: saam sɡaaŋs MC: sɑm dzɑŋ 3 AttributionsWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPBUDDH: three baskets (of texts) > Tripiṭaka
                        書策  shū cè OC: qhlja skhreeɡ MC: ɕi̯ɤ ʈʂhɣɛk 3 AttributionsWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPpluraldocuments, books
                        法藏  fǎ zàng OC: pab sɡaaŋs MC: pi̯ɐp dzɑŋ 3 AttributionsWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: skr. dharma-piṭaka (collection of Buddhist texts; see san1zàng 三藏)
                        大雅  dà dài yǎ MC: dajH ngaeX OC: daads ŋɡraaʔLZ 2 AttributionsWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • npr"Great Elegantiae", one of the major parts of the Book of SongsLZ
                        圖籍  tú jí MC: du dzjek OC: daa sɡaɡLZ 2 AttributionsWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPmaps and tax registers; the key documents of a stateLZ
                        主  zhǔ OC: tjoʔ MC: tɕi̯o 1 AttributionWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • ninscribed ancestral tablet placed in temple GULIANG 作喜公主"made an ancestral tablet for Lord Xi"
                        信  xìn OC: sins MC: sin 1 AttributionWD

                        NB: Xìn 信 "letter" is post-Han.

                          Syntactic words
                        • nwritten document, letter
                        藏  zàng OC: sɡaaŋs MC: dzɑŋ 1 AttributionWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • nabbuddhistBUDDH: basket/repository > set of canonical Buddhist texts, see 三臧
                        覽  lǎn OC: ɡ-raamʔ MC: lɑm 1 AttributionWD

                        Lǎn 覽 refers to a comprehensive survey on a subject.

                          Syntactic words
                        • nsurvey
                        章  zhāng OC: kjaŋ MC: tɕi̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • nofficially sanctioned (and stamped?) document
                        • nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
                        周易  zhōu yì OC: tjɯw leeɡs MC: tɕɨu jiɛ 1 AttributionWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPBook of Changes
                        文筆  wén bǐ OC: mɯn prud MC: mi̯un pit 1 AttributionWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPliterary compilations; notes, writings
                        書圖  shū tú OC: qhlja daa MC: ɕi̯ɤ duo̝ 1 AttributionWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPpluraldocuments and illustrations> documents
                        毗尼藏  pí ní zàng OC: bi nil sɡaaŋs MC: bi ɳi dzɑŋ 1 AttributionWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: skr. vinaya-piṭaka (collection of monastic rules and related texts)
                        修多羅藏  xiū duō luó zàng OC: sqlɯw k-laal b-raal sɡaaŋs MC: sɨu tɑ lɑ dzɑŋ 1 AttributionWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: skr. Sūtra-piṭaka (collection of the sermons of Buddha)
                        阿毗曇藏  ā pí tán zàng OC: qlaal bi doom sɡaaŋs MC: ʔɑ bi dəm dzɑŋ 1 AttributionWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: skr. Abidharma-piṭaka (collection of texts consisting of commentaries on the sūtras)
                        命  mìng OC: mɢreŋs MC: mɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • nformal document stating results of an agreement or a public order etc.
                        甫刑  fǔ xíng MC: pjuX heng OC: paʔ ɡeeŋLZ 1 AttributionWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • npra chapter of the Book of Documents, whose standard name is Lü3xing2 呂刑LZ
                        識志  zhì zhì MC: tsyiH tsyiH OC: kljɯɡs kljɯsLZ 1 AttributionWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPrecords, documentsLZ
                        書疏  shū shù MC: syo -- OC: qhlja --CH 1 AttributionWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPnonreferentialdocuments; missives of any kindCH
                        載籍  zài zuò MC: tsojH -- OC: sklɯɯs --CH 1 AttributionWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPdocument, recordsCH
                        篇章  piān zhāng MC: phjien tsyang OC: phen kjaŋCH 1 AttributionWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPchapters and sections, components of a bookCH
                        獄詞  yù cí MC: ngjowk zi OC: ŋoɡ sɢlɯDS 1 AttributionWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPtextalso written as 獄辭: written confessionDS
                        檄  xí OC: ɡleeɡ MC: ɦek 0 AttributionsWD

                        Xí 檄 refers to a written military command.

                          Syntactic words
                        • na long (2 chǐ 尺) jiǎn 簡, typically used for writing military commands on
                        簿  bù OC: baaʔ MC: buo̝ 0 AttributionsWD

                          Word relations
                        • Contrast: 籍/DOCUMENT Jǐ2 籍 refers to a formal and official record, typically a population register or a written official statute.
                        • Assoc: 籍/DOCUMENT Jǐ2 籍 refers to a formal and official record, typically a population register or a written official statute.

                          Syntactic words
                        • nrecord; ledger
                        簏  lù OC: roog MC: luk 0 AttributionsWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • ndivine/heavenly appointment document
                        載  zǎi OC: skɯɯʔ MC: tsəi 0 AttributionsWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • npost-Han: formal record
                        三尺  sān chǐ OC: saam thjaɡ MC: sɑm tɕhiɛk 0 AttributionsWD

                        Sān chǐ 三尺 refers to the text of a law formally inscribed on large three-foot tablets.

                          Syntactic words
                        • nlong wooden tablet used for writing down laws
                        典籍  diǎn jí OC: tɯɯnʔ sɡaɡ MC: ten dziɛk 0 AttributionsWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPpluraldocuments
                        文藻  wén zǎo OC: mɯn tsaawʔ MC: mi̯un tsɑu 0 AttributionsWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPabtextliterary work
                        書契  shū qì OC: qhlja khees MC: ɕi̯ɤ khei 0 AttributionsWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPabactthe invention of written documents
                        • NPnonreferentialdocuments
                        書繩  shū shéng OC: qhlja sbljɯŋ MC: ɕi̯ɤ ʑɨŋ 0 AttributionsWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPdocument???
                        讖緯  chèn wěi OC: tshrims ɢuls MC: ʈʂhim ɦɨi 0 AttributionsWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • NPmystical prophetical books of the Eastern Han
                        草  cǎo OC: tshuuʔ MC: tshɑu 0 AttributionsWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • nadNdrafted only
                          Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: LZ 0 AttributionsWD
                          Syntactic words
                        • npr"Great Elegantiae", one of the major parts of the Book of SongsLZ

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