Taxonomy of meanings for 譽:　　

Additional information about 譽

說文解字: 【譽】，也。 〔小徐本「」作「稱」。〕 从言、與聲。 【羊茹切】

Criteria
• PRAISE
  

  1. The current general word for praise is yù 譽 (ant. huǐ 毀 "speak ill of"), and the word often refers to straightforward objective praise rather than eulogy..

  2. Chēng 稱 (ant. bang 謗 "speak ill of behind his back") refers to "honourable mentioning" in public contexts and favourable public assessment of someone.

  3. Bāo 褒 (ant. biǎn 貶 "make derogatory remarks about") refers to a person with a certain authority passing a positive judgment on someone.

  4. Jiā 嘉 (ant. sǔn 損 "make belittling remarks about") refers to commending someone for a certain action or for past behaviour.

  5. Zàn 讚／贊 "eulogise" (ant. dǐ 詆 "speak ill of") refers to lyrical, typically exaggerated and overly enthusiastic praise.

  6. Sòng 頌 (ant. zhòu 咒 "make calumniatory remarks about") refers literally to the singing of someone's praises, but as in English, the praising thus described may actually be in ornate prose.

  7. Měi 美 and shàn 善 (all ant. wù 惡 "speak ill of") refer to the bringing out of positive, admirable or morally commendable aspects in something or someone through discourse.

  8. Yáng 揚 (ant. yì 抑 "do down") refers to the spreading of the good name of someone or something.

• BLAME
  

  [ARCHAIC/CURRENT]

  [DRAMATIC/UNDRAMATIC]

  [ELEVATED/FAMILIAR]

  [FACE-TO-FACE/NOT-FACE-TO-FACE]

  [GENERAL/SPECIFIC]

  [HIGH-DEGREE/LOW-DEGREE]

  [PRIVATE/PUBLIC]

  1. The current general word for declaring someone morally rather than criminally responsible for a misdeed is jiù 咎 (ant. yù 譽 "praise").

  [ARCHAIC?], [NOT-FACE-TO-FACE!], [PRIVATE]

  2. Shǔ 數 refers to the recounting and publicly recounting and listing up of the misdeeds or mistakes someone has made.

  [FACE-TO-FACE], [HIGH-DEGREE]

  3. Zé 責 (ant. chēng 稱 "praise someone for something") often refers to the public apportioning of blame without the threat of legal action. [see ACCUSE]

  [FORMAL], [FACE-TO-FACE]

  4. Ràng 讓 (ant. zàn 贊 "commend strongly, in public") refers to strong public blame and abuse.

  [DRAMATIC], [FACE-TO-FACE], [PUBLIC],

  5. Qiào 誚 refers to a strong and often abusive public reprimand.

  [DRAMATIC], [FACE-TO-FACE], [FAMILIAR]; [[RARE]]

  5. Yóu 尤 often refers to official blame and censure, but there are archaic generalised uses of the word where it simply means "to apportion blame for something".

  [ARCHAIC+], [ELEVATED], [NOT-FACE-TO-FACE]

  6. Jí 疾 (ant. měi 美 "praise the splendid qualities of someone") refers to strong personal stricture.

  [DRAMATIC], [FACE-TO-FACE], [INFORMAL]

  7. Guò 過 (ant. yù 譽 ) typically refers to a mild and/or subjective moral disagreement with someone. See MISTAKE

  [LOW-DEGREE], [MARGINAL]

• WELL-KNOWN
  

  1. The dominant general term for any kind of reputation, god or bad, is míng 名.

  2. Shēng 聲 refers specifically to notoriety in so far as it is the subject of public discussion.

  3. The specific general term for a high reputation is yù 譽, often in the combination míng yù 名譽.

  4. Wàng 望 is primarily public respect for a prominent political or intellectual leader.

  5. Wén 聞 refer to being well-known and/or notorious for anything good or bad.

  6. Zhī 知 refers to being well-known and/or notorious for anything good or bad.

• SLANDER
  

  1. The standard current word for speaking ill of a person is huǐ 毀 (ant. yù 譽 "praise"), and the slander involved can be of all kinds.

  2. Chán 讒 (ant. zàn 贊 "praise justly") refers to popular slander, sometimes by persons without significant political influence.

  3. Bàng 謗 "vilify a person" (ant. chēng 稱 "praise") refers to public serious criticism, sometimes coming close to public abuse; increasingly, the word tended to refer to unjustified such accusations, i.e. slander, but the word is also used for justified serious criticism in public.

  4. Fěi 誹 (ant. yáng 揚 "spread good reports about") refers to critical comments on a person, and these may come from persons of influence or from the common people. See CRITICISE

  5. Zèn 譖 (ant. zhāng 彰 "be full of public praise for") refers specifically to a secret malicious whispering campaign.

  6. Jī 譏 refers to subtle satirical slander.

  7. Wū 誣 (ant. zàn 贊 "praise justly") refers specifically to unjustified slander.

  8. Shàn 訕 (ant. sòng 頌 "sing the praises of") adds an element of ridicule to that of speaking ill of a person.

  9. Wù 惡 (ant. měi 美 "speak well of") can be used to focus on maligning someone to his superiors.

Word relations
• Ant: (PRAISE)誹/CRITICISE Fěi 誹 (ant. zàn 贊 "commend") is to criticise someone's views in a condescending humiliating way, and this form of criticism is notably less malicious than that involved in slander while being less formal and moralistic than in blame. See also SLANDER 7 Attributions
• Ant: (PRAISE)毀 / 譭/CRITICISE6 Attributions
• Ant: (PRAISE)非/CRITICISE The current general term for criticism is fēi 非 (ant. shì 是 "approve of"). 3 Attributions
• Assoc: (WELL-KNOWN)名/WELL-KNOWN The dominant general term for any kind of reputation, god or bad, is míng 名. 2 Attributions
• Assoc: (PRAISE)稱/PRAISE Chēng 稱 (ant. bang 謗"speak ill of behind his back") refers to "honourable mentioning" in public contexts and favourable public assessment of someone. 2 Attributions
• Synon: (WELL-KNOWN)名/FAMOUS1 Attribution