Taxonomy of meanings for 貢:　　

  • 貢 gòng (OC: kooŋs MC: kuŋ) 古送切 去 廣韻：【獻也薦也又姓漢有琅邪貢禹古送切十 】
    • GIFT
      • npolite gift
    • HAND UP
      • nab.t:+prep+Nact???the being handed up to N [or is this vt - pass nominalised in context? How do we need to enter these kinds of constructions?]
      • vt+prep+Noffer up tribute to
      • vtoNgive by way of tribute
      • vtoNfigurativeoffer up to superiors (not necessarily emperors but rulers)
      • vttoN1.+N2hand up (an offering N1) to (a person of high status N2)
      • vttoN1.+prep+N2hand up (a tribute N1) to (a recipient N2) 貢絲於周室
    • TAX
      • nfield tax
      • viactemploy the gòng taxation method for fields
    • TRIBUTE
      • ntribute, offering
    • COLLAPSE
      • PUBLICISE
        • RIVERS
          • SURNAMES

            Additional information about 貢

            說文解字: 【貢】，獻功也。 〔小徐本無「功」。〕 从貝、工聲。 〔小徐本下有「獻納總稱尊嚴。」〕 【古送切】

              Criteria
            • HAND UP

              1. The current general word for handing something up to superiors is xiàn 獻 (ant. cì 賜 "present to inferior").

              2. Jìn 進 is a very common bureaucratic word for submitting something to a superior.

              3. Fèng 奉 is a rather dramatic word depicting a person handing something up with both hands (possibly with the intention of making a formal gift of it, xiàn 獻.

              4. Nà 納 is a cold strictly bureaucratic term referring to the handing some upwards in the hierarchy.

              5. Gòng 貢 refers to the formal and ritual handing up or pledging of something to high authorities (typically tribute) in the course of one's ritual or political duties (the two being not held apart in ancient Chinese society). This tribute may even consist of lands or populations.

              6. Bǐng 稟 refers to handing up something to high authority (typically reports) with a show of extreme but customary deferential politeness.

              7. Xiào 效 typically refers to the offering up of abstract things such as effort on behalf of high authority.

              8. Zòu 奏 refers to the formal submission of a text to the highest authorities, and typically to the emperor.

              9. Shàng 上 is a neutral word referring to the submission of anything to someone higher up in the official hierarchy.

              10. Gōng 供／共 refers to the provision of what is necessary to the higher authorities.

              11. Nà 納 is to hand in formally to the authorities.

            • TRIBUTE

              1. The current general word for tribute, typically paid by a senior subordinate, to a ruler is gòng 貢.

              2. Zhí 職 refers to tributary offerings from anyone of any status.

              3. The general term for all sorts of such tribute are gòng zhí 貢職 and zhí gòng 職貢.

              Word relations
            • Contrast: (HAND UP)獻/HAND UP The current general word for handing something up to superiors is xiàn 獻 (ant. cì 賜 "present to inferior").
            • Assoc: (HAND UP)獻/HAND UP The current general word for handing something up to superiors is xiàn 獻 (ant. cì 賜 "present to inferior").
            • Assoc: (HAND UP)獻/HAND UP The current general word for handing something up to superiors is xiàn 獻 (ant. cì 賜 "present to inferior").
            • Assoc: (TAX)稅/TAX
            • Assoc: (TRIBUTE)職/TRIBUTE Zhí 職 refers to tributary offerings from anyone of any status.
            • Assoc: (TRIBUTE)賦/TAX