Additional information about 績
說文解字:
- Criteria
- DEFEAT
1. The current general word for defeating someoneor some state in any form of battle is bài 敗.
2. Pò 破 (ant. quán 全 "leave intact") refers to a complete routing of an opponent.
3. Jìn 盡 refers to the complete annihilation of an opponent.
4. Fù 覆 refers to the inflicting of a major defeat with lasting effects on an army.
5. Qīng 傾 refers to the toppling of a system of government.
6. Wáng 亡 (ant. cún 存 "allow to survive") refers specifically to causing the discontinuation of a state.
7. Cuò 挫 refers specifically to inflicting a military defeat on an army.
8. Bài jī 敗績 refers to a major military defeat.
9. Fù 負 occasionally refers to a defeat suffered, but usually in the combination shèng fù 勝負, and as a verb it does not take objects or complements. See FAIL
- MERIT
1. The current general word for achievements of any kind is gōng 功.
2. Láo 勞 refers to meritorious effort as typically resulting in meritorious results.
3. Xūn 勛／勳 refers to outstanding contributions to the state and this word cannot refer to personal achievements.
4. Fá 伐 refers to a manifest achievement which is there for everyone to admire.
5. Jī 績 refers to results obtained, which in principle can be both positive and negative (we have gōng jī 功績 "positive results" as well as bài jī 敗績 "negative results").