Additional information about 研
說文解字:
- Criteria
- CITIES
See 曲英結，先秦都城復原研究，黑龍江人民, 1991
- STUDY
1. The dominant word is xué 學 (ant. jiào 教 "train teach")which refers to the acquisition of existing knowledge or virtues, typically under another person. Often, the word retains a tinge of immitation.
2. Shī 師 and cóng 從 refer to deciding to study under someone and treating him as one's teacher.
3. Kǎo 考 refers to an investigation of a subject in a "scientific" spirit with the aim of finding the truth about something.
4. Jiū 究 and yán 研 refers to an in-depth study of a subject, typically involving a fair amount of reflection.
5. Zhì 治 and gōng 攻 refer to the systematic and specialised study, typically of a certain text.
6. Xí 習 refers to rehearsing and application in practice of what one has learnt, through repetition of text and/or through enactment in practice.
- GRIND
1. The general term for grinding is mó 磨, which can also refer specifically to polishing a surface of something with stone, sand, etc.
2. Yán 研 means to reduce to powder by crushing with a hard instrument.
3. Qiē 切 can refer to the grinding action of one's teeth.
NB: For the entirely separate meaning "grind and sharpen", see under POLISH:
Dǐ 砥 refers to sharpening of an artefact with the small and fine whetstone.
Lì 礪 refers to sharpening of an artefact with the crude type of whetstone.