GRIND    磨磨／研

DESTROY so as to CAUSE to BECOME INTENSELY SMALL PIECES by SQUEEZING INTENSELY BETWEEN FLAT STONES.
CRUSHPOUNDPULVERIZEMILLGRANULATECRUMBLESMASHPRESSTECHNICAL TRITURATECOMMINUTE
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general term for grinding is mó 磨, which can also refer specifically to polishing a surface of something with stone, sand, etc. 2. Yán 研 means to reduce to powder by crushing with a hard instrument. 3. Qiē 切 can refer to the grinding action of one's teeth. NB: For the entirely separate meaning "grind and sharpen", see under POLISH: Dǐ 砥 refers to sharpening of an artefact with the small and fine whetstone. Lì 礪 refers to sharpening of an artefact with the crude type of whetstone.
Modern Chinese Criteria
磨 is the general modern word for grinding. 研 (lit) is a traditional word for grinding. 擂 refers to pounding something with a pestle. 打磨 is an informal word for grinding. 研磨 is the stadard formal word for grinding. rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
See also
  • ENGRAVECUT into METAL, WOOD, OR JADE so as to PRODUCE WRITING OR a BEAUTIFUL PATTERN.
  • POLISHRUB AND SMEAR USING LIQUID so as to CAUSE TO BECOME SMOOTH AND SHINING.
Hypernym
  • DESTROY　DAMAGE something so as to CAUSE it to CEASE to EXIST. (anc: 11/0, child: 3)
  • DAMAGE　CHANGE so as to CAUSE TO BECOME MORE BAD. (anc: 10/0, child: 8)
  • CHANGE　EVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2. (anc: 9/0, child: 18)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 5.56

    • Words (7 items)

    磨  mó OC: maal MC: mʷɑ 11 Attributions

    The general term for grinding is 磨, which can also refer specifically to polishing a surface of something with stone, sand, etc.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNdesigned for grinding
    • vt(oN)grind the contextually determinate object
    • vt[oN]grind grain
    • vt[oN]actpolish (one's skills/understanging)
    • vtoNgrind
    • vtoNfigurativegrind away > (try to) destroy
    擣  dǎo OC: tuuʔ MC: tɑu 2 Attributions

    Dǎo 擣 refers to smashing something by the strikes of a pestle.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNgrind; pound
    砥礪  dǐ zhǐ lì MC: tsyijX ljejH OC: tjilʔ b-rads 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNfigurativepolish upCH
    切  qiē, qiè OC: snʰiid MC: tshet 1 Attribution

    Qiē 切 can refer to the grinding action of one's teeth.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 磋/POLISH Cuō 磋 is to transform a rude product by polishing it.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNgnashing (teeth)
    • vtoNgnash (teeth)
    磨卻  mó què OC: maal khaɡ MC: mʷɑ khi̯ɐk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativegrind away
    研  yán OC: ŋɡeen MC: ŋen 1 Attribution

    Yán 研 means to reduce to powder by crushing with a hard instrument.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNgrind
    礱  lóng OC: b-rooŋ MC: luŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)grind the contextually determinate N