SOLDIER 士兵卒
ADULT who is a MEMBER of an ARMY.
FIGHTERTROOPERSERVICEMANSERVICEWOMANWARRIORGIPEACEKEEPER
Old Chinese Criteria
1. There is no current general word for a soldier of any rank, and the collective term for soldiers is jūn 軍 "army". See ARMY
2. Zú 卒 and the archaic tú 徒 refer to an ordinary infantry soldier, and these footsoldiers never ride chariots.
3. Jiǎ 甲 refers to armoured soldiers riding in carriages.
4. Jì 騎 refers to cavalry (Han dynasty).
5. Nǔ 弩 refers to crossbowmen.
6. Yì 役 refers to a conscript soldier.
7. Xiǎo rén 小人 (jūn zǐ 君子 "soldier of a higher grade") refers generically to the lower grades in the army.
8. Shì 士 refers to officers riding chariots in battle.
NB: Bīng 兵 "soldier" may turn out to be post-Han. I have not yet found a clear example where the word refers to a soldier.
2. Zú 卒 and the archaic tú 徒 refer to an ordinary infantry soldier, and these footsoldiers never ride chariots.
3. Jiǎ 甲 refers to armoured soldiers riding in carriages.
4. Jì 騎 refers to cavalry (Han dynasty).
5. Nǔ 弩 refers to crossbowmen.
6. Yì 役 refers to a conscript soldier.
7. Xiǎo rén 小人 (jūn zǐ 君子 "soldier of a higher grade") refers generically to the lower grades in the army.
8. Shì 士 refers to officers riding chariots in battle.
NB: Bīng 兵 "soldier" may turn out to be post-Han. I have not yet found a clear example where the word refers to a soldier.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006
WARFARE 6.
兵，士兵的通稱。
士，泛指一般的士兵，有表敬意味。
勇，地方招募的士兵。
丁，泛指士兵，與 “ 兵 ” 等連用。
WARFARE 6.
兵，士兵的通稱。
士，泛指一般的士兵，有表敬意味。
勇，地方招募的士兵。
丁，泛指士兵，與 “ 兵 ” 等連用。
Modern Chinese Criteria
士兵
兵士
戰士
士卒
兵卒
兵丁
兵勇
兵員
小兵
戰鬥員
大兵
老總
丘八
兵
卒
士
軍士
步兵
陸軍
徒兵
騎兵
輕騎
梟騎
鐵騎
驍騎
水兵
水師
水虎
水軍
舟師 refers generally to the navy.
海軍
親兵 (lit) refers to a traditional bodygard.
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
兵士
戰士
士卒
兵卒
兵丁
兵勇
兵員
小兵
戰鬥員
大兵
老總
丘八
兵
卒
士
軍士
步兵
陸軍
徒兵
騎兵
輕騎
梟騎
鐵騎
驍騎
水兵
水師
水虎
水軍
舟師 refers generally to the navy.
海軍
親兵 (lit) refers to a traditional bodygard.
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
- A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
20.17 - Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen
(
FINSTERBUSCH 1966)
p.
200 Armbrustschuetze:
- Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen
(
FINSTERBUSCH 1966)
p.
233 Reiter
- Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen
(
FINSTERBUSCH 2000)
p.
792 Reiter:
- Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen
(
FINSTERBUSCH 2000)
p.
826 Waffe(n):
- Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum
(
LANGIUS 1631)
p.
MILES/MILITIA
- 論衡同義詞研究
(
LUNHENG TONGYI 2004)
p.
74 - Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise
(
REY 2005)
p.
4.848 - 王力古漢語字典
(
WANG LI 2000)
p.
90 1. There is at least one sound example of bi1ng 兵 referring to soldiers: ZUO 徒兵千 "one thousand footsoldiers", contrary what WL claims.
- 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典
(
HONG CHENGYU 2009)
p.
36
Words
卒 zú OC: skuud MC: tsuot 17 AttributionsWD
Zú 卒 and the archaic tú 徒 refer to an ordinary infantry soldier, and these footsoldiers never ride chariots.
- Word relations
- Object: 起/MOBILISE
The current general term for raising an army was qǐ 起. The army may be of any size, and the person raising the army may or may not be raising the army in an official capacity. - Epithet: 步/WALK
Bù 步 (ant. zǒu 走 "run fast") refers to dignified slow pacing along. - Assoc: 士/SOLDIER
Shì 士 refers to officers riding chariots in battle.
- Syntactic words
- n[post-N]one's soldierDS
- nccagenttroops; foot-soldier, ordinary infantry soldier 一卒
- nfigurativesoldiers in the army of hell, short for 獄卒
士 shì OC: dzrɯʔ MC: ɖʐɨ 16 AttributionsWD
Shì 士 refers to officers riding chariots in battle.
- Word relations
- Assoc: 卒/SOLDIER
Zú 卒 and the archaic tú 徒 refer to an ordinary infantry soldier, and these footsoldiers never ride chariots.
- Syntactic words
- nccofficer on a war chariot who is protected by shield and helmet
- npost-None's officersCH
甲 jiǎ OC: kraab MC: kɣap 16 AttributionsWD
Jiǎ 甲 refers to armoured soldiers riding in carriages.
- Syntactic words
- n[adN]N=humZUO Xuan 2: armoured soldier; heavily armed soldier
士卒 shì zú OC: dzrɯʔ skuud MC: ɖʐɨ tsuot 10 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPpluralofficers and men
左右 zuǒ yòu OC: skaalʔ ɢʷɯʔ MC: tsɑ ɦɨu 6 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPpluralattendant officers on the left and right
兵 bīng OC: praŋ MC: pɣaŋ 5 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Epithet: 銳/EXCELLENT
Jīng 精 (of general application) (ant. cū 粗 "of only rough quality") and ruì 銳(typically applied to military prowess) (ant. dùn 鈍 "of lesser quality") refer to above-average performance without suggestion individual excellence.
- Syntactic words
- nsoldier, a body of soldiers
軍 jūn OC: kun MC: ki̯un 5 AttributionsWD
There is no current general word for a soldier of any rank, and the collective term for soldiers is jūn 軍 "army". See ARMY
- Syntactic words
- npluralsoldiers; detachment of soldiers forming a "wing" or formal part of an army 右軍3
役 yì OC: ɢʷleɡ MC: jiɛk 4 AttributionsWD
Yì 役 refers to a conscript soldier.
- Syntactic words
- nconscript soldier
- viactserve as conscript labour force; serve as conscript soldiers
徒 tú OC: daa MC: duo̝ 4 AttributionsWD
Zú 卒 and the archaic tú 徒 refer to an ordinary infantry soldier, and these footsoldiers never ride chariots.
- Syntactic words
- nagentSHI: infantry soldier; soldier
- vtoNform footmen to
衛 wèi OC: ɢods MC: ɦiɛi 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nccsubjectguard
戰士 zhàn shì OC: tjans dzrɯʔ MC: tɕiɛn ɖʐɨ 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPsoldier
戍 shù OC: qhjos MC: ɕi̯o 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nborder guards; a border garrson; garrison soldiers
- viactserve as a garrison soldier
遽 jù OC: ɡlas MC: gi̯ɤ 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nfast rider on a post horse
武夫 wǔ fū OC: mbaʔ pa MC: mi̯o pi̯o 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPpluralwarriors, gallant soldiers
獄卒 yù zú OC: ŋoɡ skud MC: ŋi̯ok tsʷit 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPguard of hell
乘 shèng OC: ɢjɯŋs MC: ʑɨŋ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- npluralchariot-borne soldiers/officers
勇 yǒng OC: k-loŋʔ MC: ji̯oŋ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- v[adN]pluraleuphemistic word for soldiers
和 hé OC: ɡool MC: ɦʷɑ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- narmed guard
兵眾 bīng zhòng OC: praŋ tjuŋs MC: pɣaŋ tɕuŋ 2 AttributionsWD
army, large group (mass) of soldiers
- Syntactic words
- NPmcolloquialmass of soldiers, troops
劍客 jiàn kè OC: kloms khraaɡ MC: ki̯ɐm khɣɛk 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPswordsman
私卒 sī zú OC: sil skuud MC: si tsuot 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPmfamily armed forces
虎賁 hǔ bēn OC: qhlaaʔ pɯɯn MC: huo̝ puo̝n
虎奔 hǔ bēn OC: qhlaaʔ pɯɯn MC: huo̝ puo̝n 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPWatson: "tiger-fleet warriors", elite forces
爪牙 zhǎo yá MC: tsraewX ngae OC: -- ŋɡraaLZ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPelite soldierLZ
弩 nǔ OC: naaʔ MC: nuo̝ 1 AttributionWD
Nǔ 弩 refers to crossbowmen.
- Syntactic words
- nagentcrossbowman
步 bù OC: baas MC: buo̝ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- nnonreferentialfootsoldiers
諜 dié OC: leeb MC: dep 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- nlightly armed soldier
領 lǐng OC: ɡ-reŋʔ MC: liɛŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- ncpost-V{NUM}.post-Nclassifierclassifier for soliders
令君 lìng jūn OC: ɡ-reŋs klun MC: liɛŋ ki̯un 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPofficer in charge
保介 bǎo jiè OC: puuʔ kreeds MC: pɑu kɣɛi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NP{vtoN1(.adN2)}armed guard
兵士 bīng shì OC: praŋ dzrɯʔ MC: pɣaŋ ɖʐɨ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPpluralarmed men> soldiers
執秩 zhí zhì OC: tjib rliɡ MC: tɕip ɖit 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NP{vtoN1(.adN2)}supervising officer
師徒 shī tú OC: sril daa MC: ʂi duo̝ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPmcolloquialmilitary forces of the army
帶甲 dài jiǎ OC: taads kraab MC: tɑi kɣap 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NP{vtoN1[.adN2]}armored soldier
役徒 yì tú OC: ɢʷleɡ daa MC: jiɛk duo̝ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPpluralsoldiers
徒卒 tú zú OC: daa skuud MC: duo̝ tsuot 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPpluralfootsoldiers
徒衛 tú wèi OC: daa ɢods MC: duo̝ ɦiɛi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPguards
戎右 róng yòu OC: njuŋ ɢʷɯʔ MC: ȵuŋ ɦɨu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPright hand military leader
甲楯 jiǎ shǔn OC: kraab ɢljunʔ MC: kɣap ʑʷin 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NParmoured soldiers carrying shields
軍人 jūn rén OC: kun njin MC: ki̯un ȵin 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPsoldier
被甲之士 pī jiǎ zhī shì MC: -- kaep tsyi dzriX OC: -- kraab kljɯ dzrɯʔDS 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NP(post-N)(his) soldier wearing armour DS
伏甲 fú jiǎ MC: bjuwk kaep OC: bɯɡ kraabDS 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPhidden heavy armoured soldiersDS
卒徒 zú tú MC: tswit du OC: skuud daaCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NParmed guardCH
適戍 shì shù MC: syek syuH OC: qljeɡ qhjosCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPborder guardsCH
軍士 jūn shì MC: kjun dzriX OC: kun dzrɯʔDS 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPpluralsoldiersDS
褚 Click here to add pinyin OC: MC: 0 AttributionsWD
zhě
- Syntactic words
- nfangyan, extremely rare: southern dialect word for a soldier with unknown connotations
騎 jì OC: ɡrals MC: giɛ 0 AttributionsWD
Jì 騎 refers to cavalry (Han dynasty).
- Syntactic words
- ncavalry
小人 xiǎo rén OC: smewʔ njin MC: siɛu ȵin 0 AttributionsWD
Xiǎo rén 小人 (jūn zǐ 君子"soldier of a higher grade") refers generically to the lower grades in the army.
- Syntactic words
- ncclesser charges in the army
征人 zhēng rén OC: tjeŋ njin MC: tɕiɛŋ ȵin 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPpluralsoldiers on the march
徒兵 tú bīng OC: daa praŋ MC: duo̝ pɣaŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPminfantry
戍客 shù kè OC: qhjos khraaɡ MC: ɕi̯o khɣɛk 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPpluralsoldiers (on campaign?)
熊羆 xióng pí OC: ɢum pral MC: ɦuŋ piɛ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPnonreferentialcrack soldiers, fierce soldiers
行子 xíng zǐ OC: ɢraaŋ sklɯʔ MC: ɦɣaŋ tsɨ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPpluralthe soldiers
Existing SW for
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