REGION  地區州

LARGE TERRITORY of TERRITORIES.
DISTRICTPROVINCETERRITORYDIVISIONAREASECTIONSECTORZONEBELTPARTQUARTERINFORMAL PARTS
Hypernym
  • TERRITORYPLACE INSIDE DEFINED BOUNDARIES.
    • PLACEPART of SPACE that THINGS BE-IN:are-in.
      • PARTOBJECT which COMBINES with OTHER OBJECTS to BECOME ONE LARGER WHOLE OBJECT.
        • OBJECT[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to....
Hyponym
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general old word for a region is zhōu 州 as in jiǔ zhōu 九州 "the Nine Regions of the World". Especially from Three Kingdom times onwards this word came to regularly replace the term jùn 郡 as the designation of a province. In Han times, under emperor Wǔdì, the leader of a zhōu 州 is called cì shǐ 刺史.

2. Xiàn 縣 referred to a military region under states already in Spring and Autumn times, and these regions were in the border regions. Later, especially in the state of Qin, annexed states were converted into 36 jùn 郡 "commanderies" (governed by a tài shǒu 太守 "governor") which in turn were subdivided into xiàn 縣 "districts" (governed by a lìng 令 "commander" or zhǎng 長 "official-in-charge").

黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006

GOVERNMENT/LAW 31.

縣，起於春秋，至秦為一級行政區劃單位；秦以後降為二級、三級。

郡，本隸屬於 “ 縣 ” ；秦代後，成一級行政單位，後代時斷時續，至明代廢置。

州，三國至唐代為一級行政單位。

道，漢代稱少數民族聚居地，與 “ 縣 ” 同等。

唐代成為州以上的地方最高一級行政區劃單位。

路，宋、金時地方一級行政單位，元代降為地方二級行政區劃，明代廢置。

府，唐、宋時將大州升為府，成為一級行政區劃單位，直至清末。

“ 軍 ” 和 “ 監 ” ，宋代與府、州同級的行政區劃單位，轄於路。

省，元代始設的地方最高一級行政區劃單位，沿用於今。

Modern Chinese Criteria
地方

地域

地區

地面

地段

地帶

處

rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 939

  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 19.14

Attributions by syntactic funtion

  • n : 28
  • nab : 10
  • NP : 9
  • n : 6
  • npost-N : 4
  • NPpr : 4
  • npost=Npr : 2
  • n(post-N) : 2
  • npostNpr.adN : 1
  • n[adN] : 1
  • vtoN : 1
  • nadS : 1
  • vadN : 1
  • NPab.c : 1
  • vadV : 1

Attributions by text

  • 韓非子 : 9
  • 論衡 : 7
  • 臨濟錄 : 7
  • 搜神記 : 5
  • 荀子 : 5
  • 阮籍集四卷 : 5
  • 淮南子 : 4
  • 戰國策 : 4
  • 春秋左傳 : 3
  • 管子 : 3
  • 史記 : 3
  • 說苑 : 2
  • 劉義慶世說新語 : 2
  • 莊子 : 2
  • 賢愚經 : 2
  • 祖堂集 : 2
  • 陸機集十一卷 : 1
  • 孟子 : 1
  • 禮記 : 1
  • 孫子 : 1
  • 鹽鐵論 : 1
  • 百喻經 : 1
  • 合陰陽釋文 : 1

Words

界  jiè OC: kreeds MC: kɣɛi 15 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • nbounded area, territory, region (as viewed from the outside)
  • nabfigurative[BUDDH] realm 欲界、色界、無色界
  • npost-Nwithin the boundaries of N; on the boundary of NDS
縣  xiàn OC: ɢʷeens MC: ɦen 12 AttributionsWD

Xiàn 縣 referred to a military region under states already in Spring and Autumn times, and these regions were in the border regions. Later, especially in the state of Qin, annexed states were converted into 36 jùn 郡 "commanderies" (governed by a tài shǒu 太守 "governor") which in turn were subdivided into xiàn 縣 "districts" (governed by a lìng 令 "commander" or zhǎng 長 "official-in-charge").

    Syntactic words
  • nadministrative district
  • nadSin the districtCH
  • npost=Nprthe district NprDS
  • vtoNcausativemake into a district
郡  jùn OC: ɡluns MC: gi̯un 8 AttributionsWD

    Word relations
  • Assoc: 縣/REGION Xiàn 縣 referred to a military region under states already in Spring and Autumn times, and these regions were in the border regions. Later, especially in the state of Qin, annexed states were converted into 36 jùn 郡 "commanderies" (governed by a tài shǒu 太守 "governor") which in turn were subdivided into xiàn 縣 "districts" (governed by a lìng 令 "commander" or zhǎng 長 "official-in-charge").

    Syntactic words
  • nprovince as instituted by the Qín
  • n(post-N)the contextually determinate commanderyDS
鄉  xiāng OC: qhaŋ MC: hi̯ɐŋ 6 AttributionsWD

    Word relations
  • Contrast: 地/TERRITORY Dì 地 refers to a well-defined bounded piece of territory.
  • Oppos: 家/FAMILY The current dominant word is jiā 家 which refers to a whole household, including men, domestic animals and utensils as well as the whole clan system that defines its lineage affiliation.
  • Oppos: 邦/STATE Bāng 邦 is an area-orientated old word referring to an extended state without emphasising the leading role of a capital in that state, and the word was increasingly replaced by guó 國 even before taboo rules related to the name of Liú Bāng had their impact.

    Syntactic words
  • ndistrict of 12 500 families
  • nab.post-Nmetaphysicalrealm
  • nfigurativeregion (of the body)
方  fāng MC: pjang OC: paŋCH 6 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • nrealm, regionCH
  • npost-NregionCH
州  zhōu OC: kju MC: tɕɨu 5 AttributionsWD

The general old word for a region is zhōu 州 as in jiǔ zhōu 九州 "the Nine Regions of the World". Especially from Three Kingdom times onwards this word came to regularly replace the term jùn 郡 as the designation of a province. In Han times, under emperor Wǔdì, the leader of a zhōu 州 is called cì shǐ 刺史.

    Syntactic words
  • nregion
  • n[adN]the people of the regionCH
郡縣  jùn xiàn OC: ɡluns ɢʷeens MC: gi̯un ɦen 5 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPnonreferentialofficial administrative regions
曲  qū OC: khoɡ MC: khi̯ok 3 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • nparochial small place, local regionCH
  • vadNparochial, local
  • vadVlocally, parochially
中原  zhōng yuán OC: krluŋ ŋɡon MC: ʈuŋ ŋi̯ɐn 3 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPthe central highlands, the central plains
域  yù MC: hwik OC: ɢʷrɯɡCH 2 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • nrealm of the universe; part of the worldCH
東海  dōng hǎi MC: tuwng xojX OC: tooŋ hmlɯɯʔLZ 2 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • npostNpr.adNfrom the Dōnghǎi regionDS
  • NPprFar East, territories east of the central states or at least on their eastern peripheryLZ
人天  rén tiān OC: njin lʰiin MC: ȵin then 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPab.cfigurativerealms of human and celestial existence
北海  běi hǎi MC: pok xojX OC: pɯɯɡ hmlɯɯʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPprFar North, territories north of the central statesLZ
南海  nán hǎi MC: nom xojX OC: noom hmlɯɯʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPprFar South, territories south of the central statesLZ
西海  xī hǎi MC: sej xojX OC: sqɯɯl hmlɯɯʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPprFar West, territories west of the central statesLZ
州里  zhōu lǐ MC: tsyuw liX OC: kju ɡ-rɯʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPadministrative units of various sizesLZ
省  shěng OC: sraaŋʔ MC: ʂɣaŋ 0 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • nprovince (Yuan dynasty usage)
道  dào OC: ɡ-luuʔ MC: dɑu 0 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • nHan bureaucratic usage: region inhabited by minority peoples

Existing SW for

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