FAMILY  家族

GROUP of PERSONS with the SAME ANCESTORS, OR WITH the SAME GRANDFATHER OR GREAT GRANDFATHER.
CLANRELATIVESRELATIONSKINNEXT OF KINKINSFOLKKINDREDONE'S (OWN) FLESH AND BLOODNEAREST AND DEARESTPEOPLECONNECTIONSEXTENDED FAMILYIN-LAWSCLAN
Hypernym
  • GROUPCATEGORY of PEOPLE OR THINGS which COOPERATE, MUTUALLY RESEMBLE OR are TOGETHER IN ONE PLACE.
    • CATEGORYABSTRACT CONCEPT REFERRING TYPICALLY to MANY THINGS with RESEMBLING FEATURES.
      • CONCEPTABSTRACT DEFINED IDEA of OBJECTS of THOUGHT.
        • IDEAWHAT one THINKS....
  • ANCESTORRELATIVE of PAST GENERATION whose DESCENDANT one is. 
    • BROTHERMALE SIBLING.
      • DESCENDANTHUMAN HAVING a DEFINED OTHER HUMAN as FATHER, MOTHER, OR ANCESTOR.
        See also
        • NAMESPEAK so as to REFER to something OR WORD USED for REFERRING to something.
          • HOMEPLACE where one DWELLS ENDURINGLY OR ORIGINALLY.
            • ARISTOCRACYHUMAN of a FAMILY of INHERITED HIGH RANK.
              Hyponym
              • DYNASTY　FAMILY LEGITIMATELY GOVERNS a STATE over MANY GENERATIONS, OR the PERIOD of such GOVERNMENT.
                Old Chinese Criteria
                1. The current dominant word is jiā 家 which refers to a whole household, including men, domestic animals and utensils as well as the whole clan system that defines its lineage affiliation.

                2. Zōng 宗 refers unambiguously as a technical term to the lineage group.

                3. Zú 族 refers to the extended lineage group including all manner of in-laws, with the outer boundaries of reference ill-defined.

                4. Shì 室 refers to a (typically substantial or powerful) household with all its appurtenances.

                5. Mén 門 refers to the any complete respectable household including servants and dogs.

                6. Hù 戶 refers to any complete household whatever, often in administrative contexts, with no regard to its status of respectability or political influence.

                7. Nú 孥 is an archaic rare word referring to the members of a family.

                NB: For 氏 and 姓 see NAME.

                黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
                HUANG JINGUI 2006 HUMAN AFFAIRS 同姓親族。

                家，以血緣聚居團體為基礎的財產單位，即家族，上古文獻中一般指卿大夫的家族。

                族，奉祀同一宗廟的家族， “ 族 ” 適用範圍較 “ 家 ” 廣。

                宗，本是支族之祖的廟，借代引申為同一祖先的家族，所指範圍大於 “ 族 ” 。

                種，本指種子，喻指源於同一祖先的家族，側重於家族延續或得以延續的根源。

                Modern Chinese Criteria
                家

                家眷

                眷屬

                家屬

                家庭

                家族 is a current modern word for a clan.

                親族 focusses on the kinship relationship between members of a clan.

                家門 takes the common abode as the conceptual point of departure.

                宗族 is the traditionalist kinship term.

                宗門 focusses on the institution constututed by a clan.

                族

                宗

                房

                first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on Cilin. 18.11.2003. CH

                • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 2.82

                • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 19.23

                • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

                  CLAN

                  domus denotes a family as a social unit.

                  familia denotes a family as a political unit, as part of a civitas or populus.

                  FAMILY

                  gens refers to the trunk or body of a tree and by extension to main line of descent.

                  familia refers to the individual branches of an over-arching gens.

                  prosapia is an antiquated solemn word only used of ancient noble families.

                • China Handbuch ( FRANKE 1974) p. 339

                • 古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典 ( HUANG JINGUI 2006) p.

                • 中華古代文化辭典 Zhonghua gudai wenhua cidian ( QIAN YULIN 1996) p. 568-575

                  Traditional Chinese keywords related to the family system simply explained.

                • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 2.895

                • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 2.895

                • Das grosse China-Lexikon ( STAIGER 2003) p. 209

                • "Sachwoerterbuch zum Alten China" ( UNGER SACH) p.

                  CLANS

                  GENEALOGIEN

                  KIANG 姜

                • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 216

                • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

                • Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology ( BARNARD AND SPENCER 2002) p.

                • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. NO.146

                • New Dictiornary of the History of Ideas, 6 vols. ( HOROWITZ 2005) p.

                • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 68A

                Words

                家  jiā OC: kraa MC: kɣɛ 55 AttributionsWD

                The current dominant word is jiā 家 which refers to a whole household, including men, domestic animals and utensils as well as the whole clan system that defines its lineage affiliation.

                  Word relations
                • Contrast: 朝/DYNASTY
                • Contrast: 門/FAMILY Mén 門 refers to the any complete respectable household including servants and dogs.
                • Assoc: 國/STATE The dominant word is guó 國, and the word naturally focusses on the capital which defines the identity of the state, but from Warring States times the word does refer to the whole of the territory, as the term guó xiāo 國削 "the state was truncated" shows.
                • Oppos: 公/PUBLIC There is only one dominant word for what pertains to the community or nation at large, gōng 公 (ant. sī 私 "private").
                • Oppos: 國/STATE The dominant word is guó 國, and the word naturally focusses on the capital which defines the identity of the state, but from Warring States times the word does refer to the whole of the territory, as the term guó xiāo 國削 "the state was truncated" shows.
                • Oppos: 鄉/REGION
                • Oppos: 身/PERSON Shēn 身 regularly refers to the embodied person, as something to be cultivated, and as something to be morally careful about, but the word is originally widely used to refer to the physical body as such being at times hard to distinguish from the figurative use discussed in this group. The word is very often reflexive.
                • Oppos: 身/SELF Shēn 身 typically refers to the subject in a contrastive way, and the word is often hard to distinguish from the nominal concept of a person. Adverbially, the word is different from PERSONALLY in that it does not connote distinction in the agent.

                  Syntactic words
                • n(post-N)definitethe home/family/household of the contextually determinate N
                • n.red:adVin every family/household
                • n[post-N]one's family/householdCH
                • nab(post-N)clan, householdTWH
                • nab(post-N.)postVtN=selfone's own clan/family/householdCH
                • nabsocialclan, household/householdCH
                • nadVto each family/household, family by familyLZ
                • nccone's family/household in the broadest sense of the term; extended family including retinue and employees, who live together; LY 三家
                • nmembersthe members of the family; members of the household including servants
                • npost-Nfamily/household of N
                • npost-N1.adN2belonging to the given family/household; of the given family/householdDS
                • npost-Vfamily characterised by the feature VDS
                • npost-Vn=subjectfamily characterised by VingDS
                私門  sī mén OC: sil mɯɯn MC: si muo̝n 27 AttributionsWD

                  Syntactic words
                • NPadVas private familiesCH
                • NPpluralprivate families (uninvolved in formal government); burghers
                室  shì OC: qhljiɡ MC: ɕit 24 AttributionsWD

                Shì 室 refers to a (typically substantial or powerful) household with all its appurtenances.

                  Word relations
                • Assoc: 宗/FAMILY Zōng 宗 refers unambiguously as a technical term to the lineage group.

                  Syntactic words
                • n(post-N)the family (of the contextually determinate subject N)
                • nm(post-N1.)[adN2]family property; family affairs
                • npost-N"house of" 周室 "house of Zhōu"; household; members of the household 公室
                宗  zōng OC: tsuuŋ MC: tsuo̝ŋ 17 AttributionsWD

                Zōng 宗 refers unambiguously as a technical term to the lineage group.

                  Word relations
                • Assoc: 室/FAMILY Shì 室 refers to a (typically substantial or powerful) household with all its appurtenances.
                • Assoc: 族/FAMILY Zú 族 refers to the extended lineage group including all manner of in-laws, with the outer boundaries of reference ill-defined.

                  Syntactic words
                • nccclan, the overall clan; the leading clan; clan as united by ancestral worship and respect for the living representative of the ancestors
                族  zú OC: sɡooɡ MC: dzuk 13 AttributionsWD

                Zú 族 refers to the extended lineage group including all manner of in-laws, with the outer boundaries of reference ill-defined.

                  Word relations
                • Assoc: 宗/FAMILY Zōng 宗 refers unambiguously as a technical term to the lineage group.
                • Synon: 姓/PERSONAL NAME Xìng 姓 refers to the general name of the clan defined by one's male lineage.

                  Syntactic words
                • nmembers of one's family; clan; tribe; kinsmen
                門  mén OC: mɯɯn MC: muo̝n 7 AttributionsWD

                Mén 門 refers to the any complete respectable household including servants and dogs.

                  Word relations
                • Epithet: 私/PRIVATE The dominant current word for privacy is sī 私 (ant. gōng 公 "public"), and the word designates everything that falls outside the responsibility of public administration. Contrast SELFISH.
                • Contrast: 家/FAMILY The current dominant word is jiā 家 which refers to a whole household, including men, domestic animals and utensils as well as the whole clan system that defines its lineage affiliation.

                  Syntactic words
                • nclan, household 私門; often close to "school (of Confucius etc)"
                妻子  qī zǐ OC: tshiil sklɯʔ MC: tshei tsɨ 5 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPfamily life; family: wife and children
                戶  hù OC: ɡlaaʔ MC: ɦuo̝ 4 AttributionsWD

                Hù 戶refers to any complete household whatever, often in administrative contexts, with no regard to its status of respectability or political influence.

                  Syntactic words
                • nfamily as social unit living in one compound HF 萬戶之邑
                • nadN{PRED}per family (such-and-such things)
                姓  xìng OC: seŋs MC: siɛŋ 3 AttributionsWD

                  Word relations
                • Assoc: 百/ALL Bǎi 百 is occasionally used to refer to the whole of a well-defined group of things. >>ADNOMINAL

                  Syntactic words
                • ncfamily, clan
                • npost-NfigurativeDELETE the members of the family with the surname NLZ
                • npost=Nprepexegeticfigurative: [the members of the family with] the surname NprLZ
                氏  shì OC: ɡjeʔ MC: dʑiɛ 3 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • nclan, family
                • npost-NprMrCH
                同姓  tóng xìng OC: looŋ seŋs MC: duŋ siɛŋ 3 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NP[adN]any person of the same surnameCH
                • NPpluralclansmen
                宗族  zōng zú OC: tsuuŋ sɡooɡ MC: tsuo̝ŋ dzuk 3 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NP[post-N]reflexivea member of one's own clan
                • NP{N1=N2}pluralthe whole clan, all the members of one's clan in the broadest sense of the term (NB: It remains an open question whether this term refers to the group as a whole, as one thing, or to the menmbers of the group, as a plural term. I.e. the question is whether the Chinese hypostatised or reified a family or clan "as such".)
                種姓  zhǒng xìng OC: tjoŋʔ seŋs MC: tɕi̯oŋ siɛŋ 3 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPclan
                內姓  nèi xìng OC: nuubs seŋs MC: nuo̝i siɛŋ 2 AttributionsWD
                • () p. 426b

                  Syntactic words
                • NPhaving the same surname > member of the same clan/family
                宗室  zōng shì OC: tsuuŋ qhljiɡ MC: tsuo̝ŋ ɕit 2 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPruling clan, members of the ruling clan; ancestral clan
                私家  sī jiā OC: sil kraa MC: si kɣɛ 2 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPprivate families, private clans (other than the ruler's); family of wife's parents
                種族  zhǒng zú OC: tjoŋʔ sɡooɡ MC: tɕi̯oŋ dzuk 2 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPclan, family
                妻息  qī xī OC: tshiil sqlɯɡ MC: tshei sɨk 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPKind und Kegel; the members of one's family including in-laws
                支屬  zhī shǔ OC: kje djoɡ MC: tɕiɛ dʑi̯ok 1 AttributionWD

                  Word relations
                • Oppos: 身/SELF Shēn 身 typically refers to the subject in a contrastive way, and the word is often hard to distinguish from the nominal concept of a person. Adverbially, the word is different from PERSONALLY in that it does not connote distinction in the agent.

                  Syntactic words
                • NPclan
                族姓  zú xìng OC: sɡooɡ seŋs MC: dzuk siɛŋ 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPdistinguished family
                豪姓  háo xìng OC: ɡoow seŋs MC: ɦɑu siɛŋ 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPdistinguished clan
                豪族  háo zú OC: ɡoow sɡooɡ MC: ɦɑu dzuk 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPimportant family, distinguished clan
                • VPibe of distinguished extraction
                舉家  jǔ jiā MC: kjoX kae OC: klaʔ kraaCH 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPthe whole family; the whole clanCH
                家口  jiā kǒu MC: kae khuwX OC: kraa khooʔDS 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPfamily membersDS
                高門  gāo mén MC: -- mwon OC: koow mɯɯnCH 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPdistinguished rich familyCH
                縣薄  xuán báo MC: hwen bak OC: ɢʷeen baaɡCH 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPsimple family (using simple curtains as main gates)CH
                人家  rén jiā MC: nyin kae OC: njin kraaDS 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPplurfamiliesDS
                孥  nú OC: naa MC: nuo̝ 0 AttributionsWD

                Nú 孥 is an archaic rare word referring to the members of a family.

                  Syntactic words
                • nwife and children (Shu)
                種  zhǒng OC: tjoŋʔ MC: tɕi̯oŋ 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • nfamily, group of people with shared ancestry
                連  lián OC: b-ren MC: liɛn 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • ngroup of 5 households (GUAN)
                閥  fá OC: bod MC: bi̯ɐt 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • npost-Han, TANG: clan 名閥 "powerful clans"
                類  lèi OC: ruds MC: li 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                中外  zhōng wài OC: krluŋ ŋoods MC: ʈuŋ ŋɑi 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NP[adN]people within and outside the family/clan
                公室  gōng shì OC: klooŋ qhljiɡ MC: kuŋ ɕit 0 AttributionsWD

                  Syntactic words
                • NP[post-N]ducal family

                Existing SW for

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