ENCOUNTER  碰到

CONTINGENTLY come to EXPERIENCE.
MEETMEET BY CHANCERUN INTOCOME ACROSS/UPONSTUMBLE ACROSS/ON/UPONCHANCE ON/UPONHAPPEN ON/UPONINFORMAL BUMP INTO
Hypernym
  • EXPERIENCEPERCEPTION of certain SITUATIONS, OR of one's SELF>OWN ACTING CONFORMING to a METHOD in certain SITUATIONS.
    • PERCEIVEBECOME AWARE of BECAUSE one INTERACTS WITH.
      • AWAREABLE to VOLUNTARILY:deliberately REACT to. 
        • ABLEHAVE FEATURES one NEEDS in SELF:oneself FOR ACHIEVING something....
Hyponym
  • MEET ENCOUNTER HUMANS, OFTEN VOLUNTARILY.
    • FEAST MEETING of a GROUP of HUMANS:people FOR:in-order-to ENJOY OFTEN:typically FOOD, DIALOGUE AND ENTERTAINMENT....
    • MEETING ARRANGED MEETING OF MANY PERSONS FOR DIALOGUE.
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for having once encountered, actively tried or experienced something is cháng 嘗 and this word often feels more like an adverbial particle than a verb of experience.

2. Yù 遇 refers to having been exposed to something (often something positive) by coincidence.

3. Féng 逢 seems to be a dialect word synonymous with yù 遇, a word which it came to replace at later stages of the language as the standard word.

4. Zāo 遭 refers to running into something (often something negative).

5. Fàn 犯 refers to a deliberate encounter and to the facing up to what is encountered with energy and vigour.

6. Lín 臨 refers to facing something with calm dignity and self-control.

Modern Chinese Criteria
碰到

遭受

蒙受

受到

遭遇

遭逢





















rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH /

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 149

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1438

    逢,遇,遭,遘

    1. WL maintains that fe2ng 逢 refers to face to face contact: 迎面碰見.

Words

  yù OC: ŋos MC: ŋi̯o 34 AttributionsWD

Yù 遇 refers to having been exposed to something (often something positive) by coincidence.

    Word relations
  • Object: 害/DISASTER Hài 害 refers generally to harm, but in OBI the word standardly refers to harm done by supernatural powers or ancestors.
  • Assoc: 逢/ENCOUNTER Féng 逢 seems to be a dialect word synonymous with yù 遇, a word which it came to replace at later stages of the language as the standard word.
  • Assoc: 遭/ENCOUNTER Zāo 遭 refers to running into something (often something negative).
  • Synon: 觸/ENCOUNTER Chù 觸 is occasionally used to refer to someone bumping into someone else.
  • Synon: 逢/ENCOUNTER Féng 逢 seems to be a dialect word synonymous with yù 遇, a word which it came to replace at later stages of the language as the standard word.
  • Synon: 遭/ENCOUNTER Zāo 遭 refers to running into something (often something negative).

    Syntactic words
  • nabactbeing in the right place at the right time; meeting the right circumstances
  • vt(oN)to meet (a contextually defined person or event)
  • vtoNneutralrun intoCH
  • vtoNobject=positiverun into; meet by chance (desirable objects); come upon; come across
  • vtoNobject=undesirableencounter (a tiger, robber, time of chaos etc)
  jí OC: ɡrɯb MC: gip 27 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • vt+prep+Nmeet (difficulties)
  • vt[oN]middle voiceencounter adversities ZUO
  • vtoNcausativecause (onself) to encounter disaster
  • vtoNeventencounter (difficulties, adversities etc); incur (punishment)
  féng OC: boŋ MC: bi̯oŋ 24 AttributionsWD

Féng 逢 seems to be a dialect word synonymous with yù 遇, a word which it came to replace at later stages of the language as the standard word.

    Word relations
  • Contrast: 得/ENCOUNTER
  • Contrast: 觸/ENCOUNTER Chù 觸 is occasionally used to refer to someone bumping into someone else.
  • Assoc: 遇/ENCOUNTER Yù 遇 refers to having been exposed to something (often something positive) by coincidence.
  • Assoc: 遭/ENCOUNTER Zāo 遭 refers to running into something (often something negative).
  • Synon: 遇/ENCOUNTER Yù 遇 refers to having been exposed to something (often something positive) by coincidence.
  • Synon: 遭/ENCOUNTER Zāo 遭 refers to running into something (often something negative).

    Syntactic words
  • vtoNobject=negativeencounter (a storm etc)
  • vtoNobject=positivemeet (the right object); be exposed to (the right person, times, etc)
  • vtoNPab{S}encounter the situation S
  zāo OC: tsuu MC: tsɑu 22 AttributionsWD

Zāo 遭 refers to running into something (often something negative).

    Word relations
  • Result: 受/RECEIVE The current general word is shòu 受 (ant. jù 拒 "refuse to accept"; ant.* yǔ 與 "give"), which can refer to any concrete or abstract form of receiving or being exposed to.
  • Contrast: 被/SUFFER Beì 被 tends to refer to exposure to undesirable effects from the outside.
  • Assoc: 逢/ENCOUNTER Féng 逢 seems to be a dialect word synonymous with yù 遇, a word which it came to replace at later stages of the language as the standard word.
  • Assoc: 遇/ENCOUNTER Yù 遇 refers to having been exposed to something (often something positive) by coincidence.
  • Synon: 觸/ENCOUNTER Chù 觸 is occasionally used to refer to someone bumping into someone else.
  • Synon: 逢/ENCOUNTER Féng 逢 seems to be a dialect word synonymous with yù 遇, a word which it came to replace at later stages of the language as the standard word.
  • Synon: 遇/ENCOUNTER Yù 遇 refers to having been exposed to something (often something positive) by coincidence.
  • Oppos: 行/ACT The current general word for any deliberate action one may be held morally and/or administratively responsible for is xíng 行 (ant. zhǐ 止 "decide not to take action"). The nominal entries have the old reading xìng. [COMMENDATORY!], [GENERAL], [HABITUAL], [RESPONSIBLE]

    Syntactic words
  • vtoNobject=negativerun into (negative objects); be faced with; get exposed to
  • vtoNobject=positiveencounter (something positive)
  • vtoNPab{S}encounter the situation that S
  • vtoSencounter (the situation that) SCH
  zhí OC: dɯɡs MC: ɖɨ 12 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • vt(oN)figurativerun into the contextually determinate N
  • vt+prep+Nencounter
  • vtoNpost-Han: meet, come across
  • vtoSencounter the situation in S
  lín OC: b-rɯm MC: lim 6 AttributionsWD

Lín 臨 refers to facing something with calm dignity and self-control.

    Syntactic words
  • vtoNmeet, be exposed to
  jiàn OC: keens MC: ken 5 AttributionsWD

The most current general marker of the passive is jiàn 見 which means literally "be exposed to, face".

    Syntactic words
  • vt+prep+Nbe exposed to NCH
  • vtoNbe faced with; encounter; incurCH
  chù OC: thjoɡ MC: tɕhi̯ok 5 AttributionsWD

Chù 觸 is occasionally used to refer to someone bumping into someone else.

    Word relations
  • Ant: 避 / 辟/AVOID Bì 避 (ant. mào 冒"expose oneself to"), unlike miǎn 免, is always deliberate and describes a strategy of action which successfully avoids an undesirable impending danger. [DELIBERATE]
  • Ant: 避 / 辟/AVOID Bì 避 (ant. mào 冒"expose oneself to"), unlike miǎn 免, is always deliberate and describes a strategy of action which successfully avoids an undesirable impending danger. [DELIBERATE]
  • Contrast: 被/SUFFER Beì 被 tends to refer to exposure to undesirable effects from the outside.
  • Contrast: 被/SUFFER Beì 被 tends to refer to exposure to undesirable effects from the outside.
  • Contrast: 逢/ENCOUNTER Féng 逢 seems to be a dialect word synonymous with yù 遇, a word which it came to replace at later stages of the language as the standard word.
  • Synon: 遇/ENCOUNTER Yù 遇 refers to having been exposed to something (often something positive) by coincidence.
  • Synon: 遭/ENCOUNTER Zāo 遭 refers to running into something (often something negative).

    Syntactic words
  • vtoNhappen to run into
  • vtoNfigurativeencounter (> be perceived by); meet
遭逢  zāo féng OC: tsuu boŋ MC: tsɑu bi̯oŋ 5 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPabhappenstance; coincidence
  • VPtoNencounter in some way or other
遭遇  zāo yù OC: tsuu ŋos MC: tsɑu ŋi̯o 4 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPt(oN)encounter the contextually determinate N
  • VPtoNencounter in any way
  zhuó OC: k-laɡ MC: ʈi̯ɐk 3 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNencounter, run into
逢著  féng zhuó OC: boŋ k-laɡ MC: bi̯oŋ ʈi̯ɐk 3 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPt(oN)meet, encounter (with deleted object)
  • VPtoNmeet, encounter
  dé OC: tɯɯɡ MC: tək 2 AttributionsWD

    Word relations
  • Contrast: 受/SUFFER The most general word referring to a person's being exposed to something is probably shòu 受 (ant. shī 施 "have an effect on, act upon"), which can take both desirable and non-desirable objects.
  • Contrast: 見/ENCOUNTER The most current general marker of the passive is jiàn 見 which means literally "be exposed to, face".
  • Contrast: 逢/ENCOUNTER Féng 逢 seems to be a dialect word synonymous with yù 遇, a word which it came to replace at later stages of the language as the standard word.

    Syntactic words
  • vtoNbe exposed to (a treatment or an experience)
逢遭  féng zāo OC: boŋ tsuu MC: bi̯oŋ tsɑu 2 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPirun into things in various ways
  • VPtoNeventrun into in various ways (disasters etc)
  lí OC: b-rel MC: liɛ 2 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNrun into, meet with( See also: SUFFER)
  lì 2 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNencounter (in passing)CH
  jiù MC: dzjuwH OC: dzuɡsCH 2 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNbump into, run into; be faced withCH
  cháng OC: djaŋ MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ
嘗甞  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 1 AttributionWD

The current general word for having once encountered, actively tried or experienced something is cháng 嘗 and this word often feels more like an adverbial particle than a verb of experience.

    Syntactic words
  • vtoNTASTE> to experience, to go through
  zhī OC: te MC: ʈiɛ 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNKNOW THE TASTE OF> eat, indulge in the eating of
  shì OC: qljeɡ MC: ɕiɛk 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNencounter, run into
值遇  zhí yù OC: dɯɡs ŋos MC: ɖɨ ŋi̯o 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPtoNcome upon, encounter (in any way??)
逢遇  féng yù OC: boŋ ŋos MC: bi̯oŋ ŋi̯o 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • NP[adN]N=objwhat one encounters
遇見  yù jiàn OC: ŋos keens MC: ŋi̯o ken 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPtoNhappen to meet, encounter by chance
遭值  zāo zhí OC: tsuu dɯɡs MC: tsɑu ɖɨ 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPtoNencounter
遭觸  zāo chù OC: tsuu thjoɡ MC: tsɑu tɕhi̯ok 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPihave an encounter
  huò MC: hweak OC: ɢʷreeɡCH 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNbe exposed toCH
  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNmeet (ZHUANG) Œ� ???
  gòu OC: koos MC: ku 0 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNmeet (YI)
  fàn OC: bomʔ MC: bi̯ɐm 0 AttributionsWD

Fàn 犯 refers to a deliberate encounter and to the facing up to what is encountered with energy and vigour.

    Syntactic words
  jīng OC: keeŋ MC: keŋ 0 AttributionsWD

NB: Jīng 經 "go through and experience" is post-Han.

    Syntactic words
  gòu OC: koos MC: ku 0 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • vt(oN)meet with, get to meet the contextually determined object
  • vtoNmeet with, get to meet; run into
  Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNbe exposed toCH

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