WIFE 妻子婦
MARRIED FEMALE MATE.
SPOUSEPARTNERLIFE PARTNERMATECONSORTWOMANHELPMATEHELPMEETBRIDEINFORMAL OLD LADYWIFEYBETTER HALFOTHER HALFMISSUSBALL AND CHAINSIGNIFICANT OTHER
Hypernym
- MATEADULT with whom one COPULATES.
See also
Hyponym
- DAUGHTER-IN-LAW SON's WIFE.
- WIDOW WIFE BEREAVED of her HUSBAND OR WOMAN LACKING a HUSBAND.
- QUEEN WIFE of a RULER OR FEMALE RULER.
- STEPMOTHER FATHER'S WIFE who is NOT one's SELF:own MOTHER.
- EMPRESS SENIOR WIFE of an EMPEROR.
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The most general term for a commoner's female mate is fù 婦 (ant. fū 夫 "husband").
2. Qī 妻 (ant. fū 夫 "husband") refers to the regular main wife, and specifically to a commoner's main wife.
3. Nèi 內 refers generically to the harem.
4. Hòu 后 (ant. wáng 王 "king") refers to a queen. See QUEEN
5. Shì 室 is a polite circumlocution for a wife.
6. Aυ 媼 (ant. wēng 翁 "old man") is a general term for a married woman, and the word is marginal in this group because it does not focus on the relationship to the mate.
7. Fū rén 夫人 is a current phrase for a wife.
2. Qī 妻 (ant. fū 夫 "husband") refers to the regular main wife, and specifically to a commoner's main wife.
3. Nèi 內 refers generically to the harem.
4. Hòu 后 (ant. wáng 王 "king") refers to a queen. See QUEEN
5. Shì 室 is a polite circumlocution for a wife.
6. Aυ 媼 (ant. wēng 翁 "old man") is a general term for a married woman, and the word is marginal in this group because it does not focus on the relationship to the mate.
7. Fū rén 夫人 is a current phrase for a wife.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 HUMAN AFFAIRS 10. 妻子。
婦，特指妻（妾），通稱。
妻，正妻。
嫡，正妻，要與 “ 妻 ” 或 “ 妾 ” 連用。
室，代指妻，俗稱。
家，從丈夫而稱妻。
后，帝王之妻。
妃，太子、王侯之正妻。
君，諸侯之正妻，後成為對非親族關係的長輩或所尊敬者之妻的尊稱。
嬪，特指亡妻。
婦，特指妻（妾），通稱。
妻，正妻。
嫡，正妻，要與 “ 妻 ” 或 “ 妾 ” 連用。
室，代指妻，俗稱。
家，從丈夫而稱妻。
后，帝王之妻。
妃，太子、王侯之正妻。
君，諸侯之正妻，後成為對非親族關係的長輩或所尊敬者之妻的尊稱。
嬪，特指亡妻。
Modern Chinese Criteria
妻
妻子
愛人
妻室
夫人
女人
女的
老婆
太太
家
堂客
婆娘
婆姨
娘兒們
娘子
家��
屋��
屋�堣 H
老小
媳婦兒
渾家
老婆子
老伴
內
內助
內主
室人
中饋
細君
房下
孩子媽
孩子他媽
女客
家主婆
賤內
內人
內掌櫃的
內子
拙荊
荊室
山妻
山荊
嫂夫人
尊夫人
令閫
令正
令室
德配
Compare incidentally the (quite irrelevant) modern which I just note here for pleasure, and also in order not to forget them:
háir tā mā 孩兒他媽烝 other of my children �;
nèi kǒu z 內口子涃 ating person within, i.e. wife �;
wū l de 屋裡的
wǒ x fù 我媳婦
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
妻子
愛人
妻室
夫人
女人
女的
老婆
太太
家
堂客
婆娘
婆姨
娘兒們
娘子
家��
屋��
屋�堣 H
老小
媳婦兒
渾家
老婆子
老伴
內
內助
內主
室人
中饋
細君
房下
孩子媽
孩子他媽
女客
家主婆
賤內
內人
內掌櫃的
內子
拙荊
荊室
山妻
山荊
嫂夫人
尊夫人
令閫
令正
令室
德配
Compare incidentally the (quite irrelevant) modern which I just note here for pleasure, and also in order not to forget them:
háir tā mā 孩兒他媽烝 other of my children �;
nèi kǒu z 內口子涃 ating person within, i.e. wife �;
wū l de 屋裡的
wǒ x fù 我媳婦
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Old Chinese Contrasts
KOKO TAKEZOE 2008 p. 12: 妃這配匹之名, 非有尊卑之異. 尊卑殊稱, 則曲禮所云 : 天子之妃曰后, 諸侯曰夫人, 大夫曰孺人, 士曰婦人, 庶人曰妻.
- Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien
(
DOEDERLEIN 1840)
p.
WIFE
uxor refers to the wife as the partner chosen by a certain husband.
coniux refers to the wife as a partner in what is construed as a mutual marital relationship, typically involving symmetrical emotional relationships.
marita is a poetic term for uxor.
FEMALE COMPANION
pellex refers to a bed-fellow of a married man, his wife, who can have this relation only to one man at the time.
concubina refers to any bedfellow, without further limitation than that she does not live in a state of lawful wedlock, and such a concubine can only have one mate at a given time.
meretrix refers to a prostitute who exercises a certain choice with respect to the men with whom she conducts her business.
scorta refers derogatively to a prostitute with reference to her moral character as enticing men to sin.
- Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum
(
LANGIUS 1631)
p.
UXOR
- 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci
(
WU SANXING 2008)
p.
154ff - Using Chinese Synonyms
(
GRACE ZHANG 2010)
p.
304 - Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages
(
DE VAAN 2008)
p.
uxor, -oris 'wife' [f. r] (Naev.+)
Derivatives: uxorius 'of a wife' (P1.+), uxorcula 'little wife' (P1.+), uxorculare 'to play the part of a wife' (PI.).
- Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge
(
PILLON 1850)
p.
no.158 - 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典
(
HONG CHENGYU 2009)
p.
52 - A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms
(
T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004)
p.
NO.158 - Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung
(
FRANKE 1989)
p.
69A
Words
夫人 fū rén OC: pa njin MC: pi̯o ȵin 45 AttributionsWD
fū rén 夫人 is said to refer specifically to the wife of a feudal lord LIJI 2.2.16), but is often used more widely.
- Word relations
- Contrast: 孺子/GIRL
A current general word for a girl is rú zǐ 孺子, and in the plural nǚ mèi 女妹.
- Syntactic words
- NP(post-N)wife of the contextually determinate NCH
- NP(post-N.)=Nprthe wife (, by the name of Npr)
- NP(post-Npr)his wife, the contextually determinate man Npr's, wife
- NP[post-N]one's wife
- NP[post-N]reflexiveWife!
- NPnonreferentiala wife
- NPpost-Nwife
- NPpost-N.=Nprthe wife of N by the name of NprTW
- NPpost-NprMrs N, the wife of N
- VPtoNputativeregard/describe as one's wife CQGL 夫人之 "regarded her as his wife"
妻 qī OC: tshiil MC: tshei 40 AttributionsWD
Qī 妻 (ant. fū 夫 "husband") refers to the regular main wife.
- Word relations
- Epithet: 正/CORRECT
The standard word for conformity with an established standard of behavioural or physical allignment zhèng 正(ant. xié 邪). - Contrast: 妾/CONCUBINE
Qiè 妾 (ant. fū 夫 "husband") refers to the concubine. - Assoc: 子/CHILD
The commonest word for a child is zǐ 子"son; child; rarely: baby". - Oppos: 身/SELF
Shēn 身 typically refers to the subject in a contrastive way, and the word is often hard to distinguish from the nominal concept of a person. Adverbially, the word is different from PERSONALLY in that it does not connote distinction in the agent.
- Syntactic words
- n(post-N)main wife of a contextually determinate person; someone's main wife; one's main wife
- n[post-N]one's wife
- npost-Nmain wife of N
婦 fù OC: buʔ MC: bɨu 28 AttributionsWD
The most general term for a female mate is fù 婦 (ant. fū 夫 "husband").
- Word relations
- Conv: 夫/HUSBAND
The general current word for a husband is fū 夫. - Oppos: 夫/HUSBAND
The general current word for a husband is fū 夫.
- Syntactic words
- n(post-N)wife of the contextually determinate NDS
- n=NprLady N 婦姜
- nabconceptwifehood, role of a wife
- npost-Nwife; sometimes: wife to be, bride
- ntnonreferentiala wife in general
- viactbehave as a wife should
- vtoNattitudinaltreat as a wife
婦人 fù rén OC: buʔ njin MC: bɨu ȵin 15 AttributionsWD
fù rén 婦人 is said to refer to the wife of a gentleman rather than a mere commoner. (LIJI 2.2.16)
- Word relations
- Conv: 丈夫/HUSBAND
Zhàng fū 丈夫 is an informal colloquial word for a husband, one suspects, but it is hard to see how one may prove this point.
- Syntactic words
- NPwife
- NP(post-N)his wife; your wife etc.CH
- NP{N1adN2}nonreferentialwives in general; married women in general
內 nèi OC: nuubs MC: nuo̝i 8 AttributionsWD
Nèi 內 refers generically to the harem.
- Syntactic words
- nharem
- n[adN1.]adN2belonging to the inside (female associates)> belonging to the harem
室 shì OC: qhljiɡ MC: ɕit 5 AttributionsWD
Shì 室 is a polite circumlocution for a wife.
- Word relations
- Epithet: 側/ACCOMPANY
- Syntactic words
- nwifeCH
- n(post-N)LIJI: wife
妃 fēi OC: phɯl MC: phɨi 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- n(post-N)general term for a female mate of any kind, of any status (see SSJZS vol. 16, p. 39)
- nabconceptthe concept of a ho4u; the word ho4u (as used here)
- nnonreferentiala wife
- npost-Nwife of N
- vtoNserve as wife (concubine) to
嬪 pín OC: bin MC: bin 4 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Assoc: 御/COPULATE
Yù 御 refers to a male "riding" a female, and the word has no negative overtones.
- Syntactic words
- ncourt lady; concubine
- ndeceaseddeceased wife (LIJI)
元妃 yuán fēi OC: ŋɡon phɯl MC: ŋi̯ɐn phɨi 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPpost-Nprprincipal wife
妻子 qī zǐ OC: tshiil sklɯʔ MC: tshei tsɨ 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPmain wife
宗婦 zōng fù OC: tsuuŋ buʔ MC: tsuo̝ŋ bɨu 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPwife of eldest son in the clan
- NPpluralwives of dignitaries bearing the same surname as the QueenDS
新昏 xīn hūn OC: siŋ hmuun MC: sin huo̝n
新婚 xīn hūn OC: siŋ hmuun MC: sin huo̝n 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NP{vadN}psychnew wife, bride
妻妾 qī qiè OC: tshiil skheb MC: tshei tshiɛp 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPpluralwives and concubines
小童 xiǎo tóng OC: smewʔ dooŋ MC: siɛu duŋ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPhumbleword used by the wife of a ruler to refer to herself
庶母 shù mǔ OC: qhljaɡs mɯʔ MC: ɕi̯ɤ mu 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPwife, concubine (the one among the wives/concubines which has given birth to a child of her husband)
姻 yīn OC: qin MC: ʔin 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- nwife
人婦 rén fù OC: njin buʔ MC: ȵin bɨu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPnonreferentiala wife
內子 nèi zǐ OC: nuubs sklɯʔ MC: nuo̝i tsɨ 1 AttributionWD
- 古辭辨 Gu ci bian
(
WANG FENGYANG 1993)
p.
440.2
- Syntactic words
- NPprimary wife (of a dignitary)
后妃 Click here to add pinyin OC: MC: 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPqueen consort
- NPnonreferentialnoble female mates including the queen and senior concubines
后妻 hòu qī OC: ɡooʔ tshiil MC: ɦu tshei 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPmain wife; position of main wife
孺人 rú rén OC: njos njin MC: ȵi̯o ȵin 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPwife
寡妻 guǎ qī OC: kʷraaʔ tshiil MC: kɣɛ tshei 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPmain wife
小君 xiǎo jūn OC: smewʔ klun MC: siɛu ki̯un 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPduchess
新婦 xīn fù OC: siŋ buʔ MC: sin bɨu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPnew wife, bride
新婦子 xīn fù zǐ OC: siŋ buʔ sklɯʔ MC: sin bɨu tsɨ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPnew wife, bride
家 jiā OC: kraa MC: kɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- npost-nproaccording to Du Yu's commentary on Zuozhuan specifically: wife
正妃 zhèng fēi MC: tsyengH phj+j OC: tjeŋs phɯlCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPpost-Nmain consort of NCH
後妻 hòu qī MC: huwX tshej OC: ɡooʔ tshiilTW 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPsecond wife (of a widower)TW
前妻 qián qī MC: dzen tshej OC: dzeen tshiilTW 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPformer wife, late wifeTW
后 hòu OC: ɡooʔ MC: ɦu 0 AttributionsWD
Hòu 后 (ant. wáng 王 "king") refers to a queen. See QUEEN.
- Syntactic words
姑 gū OC: kaa MC: kuo̝ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- npost-Han: general word for a female
婚 hūn OC: hmuun MC: huo̝n 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nwife
媼 ǎo OC: quuʔ MC: ʔɑu 0 AttributionsWD
Ǎo 媼 (ant. wēng 翁 "old man") is a general term for a married woman, and the word is marginal in this group because it does not focus on the relationship to the mate.
- Syntactic words
- nSJ: general term for a married woman
房 fáng OC: baŋ MC: bi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- npost-Han: member of the harem
正 zhèng OC: tjeŋs MC: tɕiɛŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nmain wife
妾身 qiè shēn OC: skheb qhjin MC: tshiɛp ɕin 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NP{N1adN2}concubine
賢婦 xián fù OC: ɡiin buʔ MC: ɦen bɨu 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPdefinitewife
Click here to add pinyin MC: OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPpost-Nmain consort of NCH
愛人 ài rén MC: 'ojH nyin OC: qɯɯds njinCH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NP[post-N]singularone's wifeCH
Existing SW for
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