LACK    沒有無

SITUATION OF NOT HAVING, OR NOT to BEING-IN the UNIVERSE.
ABSENTDEFICIENTWITHOUTABSENCEBE WITHOUTBE IN NEED OFNEEDBE LACKINGREQUIREWANTBE SHORT OFBE DEFICIENT INBE BEREFT OFBE LOW ONBE PRESSED FORHAVE INSUFFICIENTINFORMAL BE STRAPPED FOR
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general term for the absence, lack or the failure to have something is wú 無 (ant. yǒu 有 "have"). 2. Quē 缺 refers to the absence of what ought to be there. 3. Quē 闕 can refer specifically to the deliberate or inadvertent omission of what one might expect was there, but sometimes the word is used interchangeably with quē 缺. 4. Fá 乏 (ant. zú 足 "have enough of") refers to the insufficiency of something needed or the absence of supplies.
Hyponym
  • BARREN　LACKING GROWTH of LIVING PLANTS. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • BLIND　LACK the ABILITY to SEE. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • DEAF　LACK the ABILITY to HEAR. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • DRY　LACK WATER INSIDE OR ON the SURFACE. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • EMPTY　LACK ALL POSSIBLE THINGS INSIDE. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • LOSE　to BEGIN to LACK something, NOT VOLUNTARILY. (anc: 7/0, child: 1)
  • NAKED　LACK GARMENTS on one's BODY. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • NEED　LACK AND be DISTRESSED BECAUSE of that. (anc: 7/0, child: 3)
  • POOR　LACK SUFFICIENT PROPERTY FOR a GOOD LIFE. (anc: 7/0, child: 1)
  • ROTTEN　LACKING FRESHNESS. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • SILENCE　LACK SOUND OR SPEECH. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • SLOW　LACK QUICKNESS. (anc: 7/0, child: 1)
  • SMALL　LACK BIGNESS IN-RELATION-TO a STANDARD, OR IN-RELATION-TO the SIZE of a HUMAN. (anc: 7/0, child: 8)
  • SOFT　LACK HARDNESS. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • STUPID　LACK APPROPRIATE INTELLIGENCE. (anc: 7/0, child: 2)
  • TASTELESS　LACK FLAVOUR. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • UNIMPORTANT　LACK IMPORTANCE. (anc: 7/0, child: 2)
  • UNJUST　LACK JUSTICE. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • UNRESTRAINED　LACK MODERATION AND ACT CONFORMING to one's DESIRES. (anc: 7/0, child: 2)
  • USELESS　LACK USEFULNESS. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • WEAK　LACK STRENGTH. (anc: 7/0, child: 1)
  • DROUGHT　LACK of EXPECTED RAIN. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • SIMPLE　LACK MUTUALLY DIFFERENT PARTS OR FEATURES. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • UNTRUE　LACKING TRUTH OR CONTRARY to REALITY. (anc: 7/0, child: 1)
  • UNABLE　LACK ABILITY to ACT:do something. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • FULL　LACK EMPTY PLACE INSIDE oneself. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • VAGUE　LACKING CLEAR DEFINITION. (anc: 7/0, child: 1)
  • CLEAN　LACK DIRT OR NOT CONTAIN DIRT, TYPICALLY on the SURFACE. (anc: 7/0, child: 1)
  • BALD　LACKING HAIR ON one's HEAD. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • ABSTRACT　LACKING REFER-TO:reference to CONCRETE THINGS. (anc: 7/0, child: 1)
  • SUPERFICIAL　LACK PROFOUNDNESS. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • IGNORANT　LACK KNOWLEDGE. (anc: 7/0, child: 1)
  • UNCOOKED　LACK COOKING. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • UNEVEN　LACKING FLATNESS. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • UNEMPLOYMENT　LACK of PAID WORK for an ADULT. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • UNINHABITED　LACK HUMANS who DWELL in a PLACE. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • INVOLUNTARY　NATURALLY AND LACKING an INTENTION to ACT as one ACTS. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • UNCONSCIOUS　LACK AWARENESS. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • HANDICAPPED　LACKING THE USE OF A LIMB OR AN ORGAN. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • IMPOTENCE　LACK of ABILITY for COPULATION. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • ILLITERATE　LACK ABILITY TO READ AND WRITE. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • ARBITRARY　LACK REASON IN CHOOSING OR DECIDING.  (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • QUIET　LACK SOUND. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • IRRATIONAL　LACK RATIONALITY (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • NOTHING　WHAT IS LACKING IN THE WORLD. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • ABSENT　LACK IN A CERTAIN PLACE (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • DESPERATE　LACK HOPE (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • STERILE　LACKING ABILITY TO GIVE-BIRTH-TO CHILDREN. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
See also
  • DEFECTBAD FEATURE in something GOOD OR LACK of a DESIRED GOOD FEATURE.
  • HARMONYCOOPERATION among INTERACTING ELEMENTS.
  • DISAPPEARBECOME LACKING:absent.
Hypernym
  • SITUATION　RELATION in which MANY HUMANS, FEATURES OR THINGS EXIST TOGETHER OR INTERACT. (anc: 5/0, child: 11)
  • RELATION　FEATURE of TWO OR MORE THINGS TOGETHER. (anc: 4/0, child: 15)
  • FEATURE　ABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE. (anc: 3/0, child: 19)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 9.93

  • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 450

    ABSQUE

    ...

    est enim absentiae nota. V. Sine.

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    abesse "be absent" corresponds to 無 which also denotes pure absence.

    deesse "be missing" refers to the absence of something that should be there, rather like 闕.

    The difference between inchoative deficere "come to be short of" and deesse "be short of" has no corresponding pair in CC.

    LACK

    carere refers to the lack of a desirable possession.

    egere refers to the objective lack of an indispensable possession.

    indigere refers to the subjective lack of an indispensable possession.

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 41 AND 79B

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.29

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 1.70

    ABWESENHEIT

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 794

    缺，闕

    1. WL claims that in the meaning "defect", "fault" the graph used in ancient times was que1 闕. In fact, the graph que1 缺 is also quite current in pre-Buddhist texts.

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 954

    罔，網，网

  • The Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( BORCHERT 2005) p.

    NONEXISTENT OBJECT, NON-BEING

  • Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages ( DE VAAN 2008) p.

    careo 'to lack, be without' [v. II; pf. caruT] (PL+)

    Derivatives: castus 'free from, pure, chaste' (P1.+),

  • Ästhetische Grundbegriffe ( BARCK 2010) p. 1.1

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p. 1

    ABESSE; DEESSE; DEFICERE. 1. Abess.e denotea

    absence as a local relation, to be away from a place;

    but d e e s s e denotes an absence by which a thing is rendered incomplete, and means to fail, to be wanting,

    in opp. to esse and superesse. Cic. Brut. 80. Calidio

    hoc unum, si nihil utilitatis habebat, abfuit, si opus

    erat, Defait. 2. Deesse denotes a completed (i.e.

    already existing), deficere, a commencing state.

    Cic. Verr. i. 11. Vererer no oratio deesset, ne vox

    viresque deficerent. (v. 339.)

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 179A

    ABWESENHEIT

    • Words (33 items)

    無  wú OC: ma MC: mi̯o
    毋  wú OC: ma MC: mi̯o
    亡  wáng OC: maŋ MC: mi̯ɐŋ
    无  wú OC: ma MC: mi̯o 291 Attributions

    The general term for the lack or the failure to have something is wú 無 (ant. yǒu 有 "have").

      Word relations
    • Ant: 成/COMPLETE The standard word for bringing anything to a successful conclusion is chéng 成.
    • Ant: 有/HAVE The standard current word for having in general is yǒu 有.
    • Ant: 有/EXIST The standard word for existence is yǒu 有.
    • Ant: 物/THING The current standard word for any physical or non-physical object or creature is wù 物.　GUODIAN 158 凡見者謂之物
    • Epithet: 益/PROFIT The current general word for any kind of material or other profit or advantage is yì 益 (ant. sǔn 損 "loss").

      Syntactic words
    • nab.tfeaturelack > non-existence of N
    • nababstractnothingness, absence of anything whatsoever
    • nabhavenot-having things
    • nabplaceabsence; the place where something is absent or lacking
    • nabstativeabsence of untoward things; clear path
    • nprono one
    • vadNthe missing N, the non-existing N, the non-extant N
    • vadVt(oN)there is not the contextually determinate object N of the Vt, there is no contextually determinate object N of the VtCH
    • vinot exist; be lacking; be missing
    • vt(oN)be without the contextually determinate thing
    • vt(oN)ombe without the contextually determinate object N
    • vt+V[0]V=object of Vlack an object of V > have nothing to V, have nothing that one Vs
    • vt0(oN)there does not exist any contextually determinate NDS
    • vt0oNthere are no NsCH
    • vt0oN1{SUBJ}.postN2{PLACE}there is no N1 at N2DS
    • vt0oNN=logical subjectthere is a lack of
    • vt0oN{SUBJ}.postN{TOP}there is no N among/between TOPDS
    • vt[0]oN.adV(0){NEG}=無所 e.g. 無與慮國 "have not one to plan for the state with": lack the object of Vt in V-ingCH
    • vt[oN]lack things; be without anythingDS
    • vtoNlack, be without; make do without
    • vtoNlack the N one needsCH
    • vtoNinjunctive: should be withoutLZ
    • vtoN.adVgrammaticalisedwithout
    • vtoN1.postadN2without
    • vtoNabfigurativethere is/was no Nab-ing, Nab did not happenLZ
    • vtoNderivedlack the experience of> never encounterCH
    • vtoNN=support of Nlack; have lost the support of N
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2reflexive.己lack N1 within (oneself)
    無有  wú yǒu OC: ma ɢʷɯʔ MC: mi̯o ɦɨu 47 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPihave nothing in it
    • VPi(0)there is not the obligatorily omitted but contextually determinate thingCH
    • VPt(oN)figurativelack (figuratively) the contextually determinate NLZ
    • VPt0oN{SUBJ}there is no such thing as N
    • VPtoNstativelack
    非  fēi OC: pɯl MC: pɨi 19 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+V1.adV2非智不能"one cannot do it without being intelligent": without V1-ing to V2CH
    • vtoN.adSwithoutCH
    • vtoN.adV非禮不成"cannot be achieved without ritual propriety": without
    無以  wú yǐ OC: ma k-lɯʔ MC: mi̯o jɨ 14 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+V[0]lack the means to; lack the means whereby; not to have what it takes to
    • VPt+V[0]have no object to VCH
    乏  fá OC: bob MC: bi̯ɐp 9 Attributions

    Fá 乏 (ant. zú 足 "have enough of") refers to the insufficiency of something needed or the absence of supplies.

      Syntactic words
    • nablack, vacancy
    • vifail to arrive when expected, be lacking
    • vt(oN)lack the contextually determinate object
    • vt+prep+Nhave a short supply of
    • vtoNfail to contain, lack, fail to have what one should have
    • vtoNcausativecause there to be a shortage of
    罔  wǎng OC: maŋʔ MC: mi̯ɐŋ 9 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]lack to V > be unable to V (elaveted form of negation)
    • vt0oNthere is no
    • vtoNlack; be without
    • vtoN.adVlacking, being without
    闕  què, quē OC: khod MC: khi̯ɐt 8 Attributions

    Quē 闕 can refer specifically to the deliberate or inadvertent omission of what one might expect was there, but sometimes the word is used interchangeably with quē 缺.

      Word relations
    • Synon: 缺/LACK Quē 缺 refers to the absence of what ought to be there.

      Syntactic words
    • nabstativelack, shortage; insufficiency; deficiency; lack of defense; state of indigence or defenselessness
    • vadNmissing
    • vimiddle voicebe missing, be lacking
    • vtoNfall short of, lack; fail to provide
    • vtoNcausativecause there to be a lack
    絕  jué OC: dzod MC: dziɛt 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe lacking; fall shortCH
    • vtoNchangefall short of, come to lack; be cut off from so as to lose control over
    缺  quē OC: khʷeed MC: khet 6 Attributions

    Quē 缺 refers to the absence of what ought to be there.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 全/COMPLETE
    • Synon: 闕/LACK Quē 闕 can refer specifically to the deliberate or inadvertent omission of what one might expect was there, but sometimes the word is used interchangeably with quē 缺.

      Syntactic words
    • nsubjectwhat is lacking, what is missing
    • vadNlacking
    • vibe lacking; (of a post:) be vacant
    • vi-Pactbe lacking, be absent
    • vichangecome to be lacking
    • vtoNlack
    失  shī MC: syit OC: lʰiɡ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbe devoid of N, lack in NCH
    末  mò OC: maad MC: mʷɑt 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVnegative無所
    • vtoN無所以
    無復  wú fù OC: ma buɡs MC: mi̯o bɨu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNlack any further objects (which there were before?)
    靡  mǐ MC: mjeX OC: mralʔ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNlack, remain withoutCH
    亡有  wáng yǒu MC: mjang hjuwX OC: maŋ ɢʷɯʔ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiread wú yǒu: not existCH
    乏短  fá duǎn OC: bob toonʔ MC: bi̯ɐp tʷɑn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNstativebe short of
    乏絕  fá jué OC: bob dzod MC: bi̯ɐp dziɛt 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiresultativebe in short supply to the point of being used up
    闕少  què, quē shǎo OC: khod hmljewʔ MC: khi̯ɐt ɕiɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeaturewhat is lacking > shortcoming; fault
    不足  bù zú MC: pjut tsjowk OC: pɯʔ tsoɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt prep Nhave less than NCH
    無備  wú bèi OC: ma brɯɡs MC: mi̯o bi 1 Attribution

    aspect in which one lacks enough preparation

      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeatureaspect in which one lacks enough preparation
    莫  mò OC: maaɡ MC: mɑk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • padNrare, archaising PARTICLE: without
    虧欠  kuī qiàn OC: khʷral khoms MC: khiɛ khi̯ɐm 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNbe deficient concerning; lack something in relationship to
    不  bù OC: pɯʔ MC: pi̯ut 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNfail to act according to N; show a lack of N
    罔有  wǎng yǒu OC: maŋʔ ɢʷɯʔ MC: mi̯ɐŋ ɦɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt0[oN]there is a lack of
    否  fǒu MC: pjuwX OC: pɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN(archaic) be without; lackCH
    不有  bù yǒu OC: pɯʔ ɢʷɯʔ MC: pi̯ut ɦɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt0oNthere is a lack of
    微  wēi OC: mɯl MC: mɨi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN.adSif N had not been there, then SCH
    • vtoN.adVwithout
    不滿  bù mǎn MC: pjut manX OC: pɯʔ mboonʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN.postadVnot fully to the extent of the amount NCH
    虧  kuī OC: khʷral MC: khiɛ 0 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 盈/FULL The ancient standard word for fullness of any kind is yíng 盈.
    • Ant: 豐 / 酆/ABUNDANT Fēng 豐 (ant.*qiàn 歉 "poor natural harvest") refers primarily to the natural abundance of some feature or resource, but in elevated archaic discourse the word may also refer to abundance of sacrifice and the like. The rare fēng 丰 was not homophonous in ancient times, and the meaning emphasises beauty as well as abundance. [NATURAL!]
    • Ant: 豐 / 酆/ABUNDANT Fēng 豐 (ant.*qiàn 歉 "poor natural harvest") refers primarily to the natural abundance of some feature or resource, but in elevated archaic discourse the word may also refer to abundance of sacrifice and the like. The rare fēng 丰 was not homophonous in ancient times, and the meaning emphasises beauty as well as abundance. [NATURAL!]

      Syntactic words
    • vibe in short supply
    非實  fēi shí OC: pɯl ɢljiɡ MC: pɨi ʑit 0 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 實/REALITY The current word referring to reality is shí 實 (ant. xū 虛 "pretended reality"), but the word acquired this meaning rather late (meaning "object" in earlier texts).

      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeatureBUDDH: lack of substance > unreality
    • NPsubjectBUDDH: that which lacks reality > non-existent entity
    靡有  mǐ yǒu OC: mralʔ ɢʷɯʔ MC: miɛ ɦɨu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt[0]oNarchaic: there are no N
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN.postadVnot fully to the extent of the amount NCH
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNlack, remain withoutCH
    朒  nǜ OC: nuɡ MC: ɳuk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: shortfall (as opposed to excess of a number, in relation to the exact number)JZ 7.4, Liu Hui's comm: 不盈不朒之正數 "the exact quantity, without excess and without shortfall"JZ 1.32, Li Chunfeng: 圓田正法 "the correct method for the circular figure".