LACK 沒有無
SITUATION OF NOT HAVING, OR NOT to BEING-IN the UNIVERSE.
ABSENTDEFICIENTWITHOUTABSENCEBE WITHOUTBE IN NEED OFNEEDBE LACKINGREQUIREWANTBE SHORT OFBE DEFICIENT INBE BEREFT OFBE LOW ONBE PRESSED FORHAVE INSUFFICIENTINFORMAL BE STRAPPED FOR
Hypernym
- SITUATIONRELATION in which MANY HUMANS, FEATURES OR THINGS EXIST TOGETHER OR INTERACT.
See also
- DEFECTBAD FEATURE in something GOOD OR LACK of a DESIRED GOOD FEATURE.
- HARMONYCOOPERATION among INTERACTING ELEMENTS.
- DISAPPEARBECOME LACKING:absent.
Hyponym
- BARREN LACKING GROWTH of LIVING PLANTS.
- BLIND LACK the ABILITY to SEE.
- DEAF LACK the ABILITY to HEAR.
- DRY LACK WATER INSIDE OR ON the SURFACE.
- EMPTY LACK ALL POSSIBLE THINGS INSIDE.
- LOSE to BEGIN to LACK something, NOT VOLUNTARILY.
- FORGET LOSE AWARENESS of something.
- NAKED LACK GARMENTS on one's BODY.
- NEED LACK AND be DISTRESSED BECAUSE of that.
- POOR LACK SUFFICIENT PROPERTY FOR a GOOD LIFE.
- TRAMP POOR so as to LACK an ENDURING HOME AND OFTEN so as to NEED to OFFEND the LAW IN-ORDER-TO LIVE.
- ROTTEN LACKING FRESHNESS.
- SILENCE LACK SOUND OR SPEECH.
- SLOW LACK QUICKNESS.
- GRADUALLY SLOW IN CHANGING.
- SMALL LACK BIGNESS IN-RELATION-TO a STANDARD, OR IN-RELATION-TO the SIZE of a HUMAN.
- NARROW SMALL in the MORE SMALL DIMENSION.
- SHALLOW SMALL in DOWNWARD DIMENSION, of WATER.
- SHORT SMALL in THE MOST LONG HORIZONTAL DIMENSION.
- THIN SMALL in the MOST SMALL DIMENSION.
- LOW SMALL VERTICALLY.
- LITTLE SMALL in QUANTITY of a SUBSTANCE.
- BRIEF SMALL RELATED TO TIME USED TO EXPRESS SOMETHING.
- PETTY SMALL IN ABSTRACT WAYS, "NARROW".
- SOFT LACK HARDNESS.
- STUPID LACK APPROPRIATE INTELLIGENCE.
- INCOMPETENT STUPID so as NOT to be ABLE to ACT:do DEFINED THINGS one SHOULD DO.
- NAIVE STUPID BECAUSE LACKING IMPORTANT EXPERIENCE.
- TASTELESS LACK FLAVOUR.
- UNIMPORTANT LACK IMPORTANCE.
- UNJUST LACK JUSTICE.
- UNRESTRAINED LACK MODERATION AND ACT CONFORMING to one's DESIRES.
- USELESS LACK USEFULNESS.
- WEAK LACK STRENGTH.
- WEAKNESS OF THE WILL WEAKNESS OF THE WILL.
- DROUGHT LACK of EXPECTED RAIN.
- SIMPLE LACK MUTUALLY DIFFERENT PARTS OR FEATURES.
- UNTRUE LACKING TRUTH OR CONTRARY to REALITY.
- ABSURD UNTRUE so that MANY are NOT ABLE to IMAGINE IT to be TRUE.
- UNABLE LACK ABILITY to ACT:do something.
- FULL LACK EMPTY PLACE INSIDE oneself.
- VAGUE LACKING CLEAR DEFINITION.
- UNDERDETERMINACY VAGUE SO AS TO LACK COMPLETE DEFINITION.
- CLEAN LACK DIRT OR NOT CONTAIN DIRT, TYPICALLY on the SURFACE.
- CLEANSE CAUSE TO BECOME CLEAN.
- BALD LACKING HAIR ON one's HEAD.
- ABSTRACT LACKING REFER-TO:reference to CONCRETE THINGS.
- ABSOLUTE What is ABSTRACT and does not DEPEND on OTHER ABSTRACT OR CONCRETE THINGS.
- SUPERFICIAL LACK PROFOUNDNESS.
- IGNORANT LACK KNOWLEDGE.
- DILETTANTISM IGNORANCE OF A SUBJECT ONE PRETENDS TO UNDERSTAND.
- UNCOOKED LACK COOKING.
- UNEVEN LACKING FLATNESS.
- UNEMPLOYMENT LACK of PAID WORK for an ADULT.
- UNINHABITED LACK HUMANS who DWELL in a PLACE.
- INVOLUNTARY NATURALLY AND LACKING an INTENTION to ACT as one ACTS.
- UNCONSCIOUS LACK AWARENESS.
- HANDICAPPED LACKING THE USE OF A LIMB OR AN ORGAN.
- IMPOTENCE LACK of ABILITY for COPULATION.
- ILLITERATE LACK ABILITY TO READ AND WRITE.
- ARBITRARY LACK REASON IN CHOOSING OR DECIDING.
- QUIET LACK SOUND.
- IRRATIONAL LACK RATIONALITY
- NOTHING WHAT IS LACKING IN THE WORLD.
- ABSENT LACK IN A CERTAIN PLACE
- DESPERATE LACK HOPE
- STERILE LACKING ABILITY TO GIVE-BIRTH-TO CHILDREN.
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general term for the absence, lack or the failure to have something is wú 無 (ant. yǒu 有 "have").
2. Quē 缺 refers to the absence of what ought to be there.
3. Quē 闕 can refer specifically to the deliberate or inadvertent omission of what one might expect was there, but sometimes the word is used interchangeably with quē 缺.
4. Fá 乏 (ant. zú 足 "have enough of") refers to the insufficiency of something needed or the absence of supplies.
2. Quē 缺 refers to the absence of what ought to be there.
3. Quē 闕 can refer specifically to the deliberate or inadvertent omission of what one might expect was there, but sometimes the word is used interchangeably with quē 缺.
4. Fá 乏 (ant. zú 足 "have enough of") refers to the insufficiency of something needed or the absence of supplies.
- A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
9.93 - De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione
(
COMENIUS 1665)
p.
450 ABSQUE
...
est enim absentiae nota. V. Sine.
- Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien
(
DOEDERLEIN 1840)
p.
abesse "be absent" corresponds to 無 which also denotes pure absence.
deesse "be missing" refers to the absence of something that should be there, rather like 闕.
The difference between inchoative deficere "come to be short of" and deesse "be short of" has no corresponding pair in CC.
LACK
carere refers to the lack of a desirable possession.
egere refers to the objective lack of an indispensable possession.
indigere refers to the subjective lack of an indispensable possession.
- Lateinische Synonymik
(
MENGE)
p.
41 AND 79B - Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise
(
REY 2005)
p.
1.29 - Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie
(
RITTER 1971-2007)
p.
1.70 ABWESENHEIT
- 王力古漢語字典
(
WANG LI 2000)
p.
794 缺，闕
1. WL claims that in the meaning "defect", "fault" the graph used in ancient times was que1 闕. In fact, the graph que1 缺 is also quite current in pre-Buddhist texts.
- 王力古漢語字典
(
WANG LI 2000)
p.
954 罔，網，网
- The Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(
BORCHERT 2005)
p.
NONEXISTENT OBJECT, NON-BEING
- Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages
(
DE VAAN 2008)
p.
careo 'to lack, be without' [v. II; pf. caruT] (PL+)
Derivatives: castus 'free from, pure, chaste' (P1.+),
- Ästhetische Grundbegriffe
(
BARCK 2010)
p.
1.1 - Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien
(
DOEDERLEIN 1840)
p.
1 ABESSE; DEESSE; DEFICERE. 1. Abess.e denotea
absence as a local relation, to be away from a place;
but d e e s s e denotes an absence by which a thing is rendered incomplete, and means to fail, to be wanting,
in opp. to esse and superesse. Cic. Brut. 80. Calidio
hoc unum, si nihil utilitatis habebat, abfuit, si opus
erat, Defait. 2. Deesse denotes a completed (i.e.
already existing), deficere, a commencing state.
Cic. Verr. i. 11. Vererer no oratio deesset, ne vox
viresque deficerent. (v. 339.)
- Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung
(
FRANKE 1989)
p.
179A ABWESENHEIT
Words
無 wú OC: ma MC: mi̯o
毋 wú OC: ma MC: mi̯o
亡 wáng OC: maŋ MC: mi̯ɐŋ
无 wú OC: ma MC: mi̯o 279 AttributionsWD
The general term for the lack or the failure to have something is wú 無 (ant. yǒu 有 "have").
- Word relations
- Ant: 成/COMPLETE
The standard word for bringing anything to a successful conclusion is chéng 成. - Ant: 有/HAVE
The standard current word for having in general is yǒu 有. - Ant: 有/EXIST
The standard word for existence is yǒu 有. - Ant: 物/THING
The current standard word for any physical or non-physical object or creature is wù 物. GUODIAN 158 凡見者謂之物 - Epithet: 益/PROFIT
The current general word for any kind of material or other profit or advantage is yì 益 (ant. sǔn 損 "loss").
- Syntactic words
- nab.tfeaturelack > non-existence of N
- nababstractnothingness, absence of anything whatsoever
- nabhavenot-having things
- nabplaceabsence; the place where something is absent or lacking
- nabstativeabsence of untoward things; clear path
- nprono one
- vadNthe missing N, the non-existing N, the non-extant N
- vadVt(oN)there is not the contextually determinate object N of the Vt, there is no contextually determinate object N of the VtCH
- vinot exist; be lacking; be missing
- vt(oN)be without the contextually determinate thing
- vt(oN)ombe without the contextually determinate object N
- vt+V[0]V=object of Vlack an object of V > have nothing to V, have nothing that one Vs
- vt0(oN)there does not exist any contextually determinate NDS
- vt0oNthere are no NsCH
- vt0oN1{SUBJ}.postN2{PLACE}there is no N1 at N2DS
- vt0oNN=logical subjectthere is a lack of
- vt0oN{SUBJ}.postN{TOP}there is no N among/between TOPDS
- vt[0]oN.adV(0){NEG}=無所 e.g. 無與慮國 "have not one to plan for the state with": lack the object of Vt in V-ingCH
- vt[oN]lack things; be without anythingDS
- vtoNlack, be without; make do without
- vtoNlack the N one needsCH
- vtoNinjunctive: should be withoutLZ
- vtoN.adVgrammaticalisedwithout
- vtoN1.postadN2without
- vtoNabfigurativethere is/was no Nab-ing, Nab did not happenLZ
- vtoNderivedlack the experience of> never encounterCH
- vtoNN=support of Nlack; have lost the support of N
- vttoN1.+prep+N2reflexive.己lack N1 within (oneself)
無有 wú yǒu OC: ma ɢʷɯʔ MC: mi̯o ɦɨu 46 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPihave nothing in it
- VPi(0)there is not the obligatorily omitted but contextually determinate thingCH
- VPt(oN)figurativelack (figuratively) the contextually determinate NLZ
- VPt0oN{SUBJ}there is no such thing as N
- VPtoNstativelack
非 fēi OC: pɯl MC: pɨi 19 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt+V1.adV2非智不能"one cannot do it without being intelligent": without V1-ing to V2CH
- vtoN.adSwithoutCH
- vtoN.adV非禮不成"cannot be achieved without ritual propriety": without
無以 wú yǐ OC: ma k-lɯʔ MC: mi̯o jɨ 13 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt+V[0]lack the means to; lack the means whereby; not to have what it takes to
- VPt+V[0]have no object to VCH
乏 fá OC: bob MC: bi̯ɐp 9 AttributionsWD
Fá 乏 (ant. zú 足 "have enough of") refers to the insufficiency of something needed or the absence of supplies.
- Syntactic words
- nablack, vacancy
- vifail to arrive when expected, be lacking
- vt(oN)lack the contextually determinate object
- vt+prep+Nhave a short supply of
- vtoNfail to contain, lack, fail to have what one should have
- vtoNcausativecause there to be a shortage of
罔 wǎng OC: maŋʔ MC: mi̯ɐŋ 9 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt+V[0]lack to V > be unable to V (elaveted form of negation)
- vt0oNthere is no
- vtoNlack; be without
- vtoN.adVlacking, being without
闕 què, quē OC: khod MC: khi̯ɐt 8 AttributionsWD
Quē 闕 can refer specifically to the deliberate or inadvertent omission of what one might expect was there, but sometimes the word is used interchangeably with quē 缺.
- Syntactic words
- nabstativelack, shortage; insufficiency; deficiency; lack of defense; state of indigence or defenselessness
- vadNmissing
- vimiddle voicebe missing, be lacking
- vtoNfall short of, lack; fail to provide
- vtoNcausativecause there to be a lack
絕 jué OC: dzod MC: dziɛt 7 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vibe lacking; fall shortCH
- vtoNchangefall short of, come to lack; be cut off from so as to lose control over
缺 quē OC: khʷeed MC: khet 6 AttributionsWD
Quē 缺 refers to the absence of what ought to be there.
- Word relations
- Ant: 全/COMPLETE
- Synon: 闕/LACK
Quē 闕 can refer specifically to the deliberate or inadvertent omission of what one might expect was there, but sometimes the word is used interchangeably with quē 缺.
- Syntactic words
- nsubjectwhat is lacking, what is missing
- vadNlacking
- vibe lacking; (of a post:) be vacant
- vi-Pactbe lacking, be absent
- vichangecome to be lacking
- vtoNlack
失 shī MC: syit OC: lʰiɡCH 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNbe devoid of N, lack in NCH
末 mò OC: maad MC: mʷɑt 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadVnegative無所
- vtoN無所以
乏短 fá duǎn OC: bob toonʔ MC: bi̯ɐp tʷɑn 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNstativebe short of
乏絕 fá jué OC: bob dzod MC: bi̯ɐp dziɛt 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiresultativebe in short supply to the point of being used up
無復 wú fù OC: ma buɡs MC: mi̯o bɨu 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNlack any further objects (which there were before?)
亡有 wáng yǒu MC: mjang hjuwX OC: maŋ ɢʷɯʔCH 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiread wú yǒu: not existCH
靡 mǐ MC: mjeX OC: mralʔCH 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNlack, remain withoutCH
莫 mò OC: maaɡ MC: mɑk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- padNrare, archaising PARTICLE: without
不有 bù yǒu OC: pɯʔ ɢʷɯʔ MC: pi̯ut ɦɨu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vt0oNthere is a lack of
無備 wú bèi OC: ma brɯɡs MC: mi̯o bi 1 AttributionWD
aspect in which one lacks enough preparation
- Syntactic words
- NPabfeatureaspect in which one lacks enough preparation
罔有 wǎng yǒu OC: maŋʔ ɢʷɯʔ MC: mi̯ɐŋ ɦɨu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt0[oN]there is a lack of
虧欠 kuī qiàn OC: khʷral khoms MC: khiɛ khi̯ɐm 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNbe deficient concerning; lack something in relationship to
闕少 què, quē shǎo OC: khod hmljewʔ MC: khi̯ɐt ɕiɛu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabfeaturewhat is lacking > shortcoming; fault
不 bù OC: pɯʔ MC: pi̯ut 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNfail to act according to N; show a lack of N
微 wēi OC: mɯl MC: mɨi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoN.adSif N had not been there, then SCH
- vtoN.adVwithout
不滿 bù mǎn MC: pjut manX OC: pɯʔ mboonʔCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoN.postadVnot fully to the extent of the amount NCH
不足 bù zú MC: pjut tsjowk OC: pɯʔ tsoɡCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt prep Nhave less than NCH
否 fǒu MC: pjuwX OC: pɯʔCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoN(archaic) be without; lackCH
朒 nǜ OC: nuɡ MC: ɳuk 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: shortfall (as opposed to excess of a number, in relation to the exact number)JZ 7.4, Liu Hui's comm: 不盈不朒之正數 "the exact quantity, without excess and without shortfall"JZ 1.32, Li Chunfeng: 圓田正法 "the correct method for the circular figure".
虧 kuī OC: khʷral MC: khiɛ 0 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Ant: 盈/FULL
The ancient standard word for fullness of any kind is yíng 盈. - Ant: 豐 / 酆/ABUNDANT
Fēng 豐 (ant.*qiàn 歉 "poor natural harvest") refers primarily to the natural abundance of some feature or resource, but in elevated archaic discourse the word may also refer to abundance of sacrifice and the like. The rare fēng 丰 was not homophonous in ancient times, and the meaning emphasises beauty as well as abundance. [NATURAL!] - Ant: 豐 / 酆/ABUNDANT
Fēng 豐 (ant.*qiàn 歉 "poor natural harvest") refers primarily to the natural abundance of some feature or resource, but in elevated archaic discourse the word may also refer to abundance of sacrifice and the like. The rare fēng 丰 was not homophonous in ancient times, and the meaning emphasises beauty as well as abundance. [NATURAL!]
- Syntactic words
- vibe in short supply
非實 fēi shí OC: pɯl ɢljiɡ MC: pɨi ʑit 0 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Ant: 實/REALITY
The current word referring to reality is shí 實 (ant. xū 虛 "pretended reality"), but the word acquired this meaning rather late (meaning "object" in earlier texts).
- Syntactic words
- NPabfeatureBUDDH: lack of substance > unreality
- NPsubjectBUDDH: that which lacks reality > non-existent entity
靡有 mǐ yǒu OC: mralʔ ɢʷɯʔ MC: miɛ ɦɨu 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt[0]oNarchaic: there are no N
Click here to add pinyin MC: OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoN.postadVnot fully to the extent of the amount NCH
Click here to add pinyin MC: OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNlack, remain withoutCH
Existing SW for
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