ACCUMULATE 積累積
GATHER THINGS INTEND:so as to CAUSE them THEREUPON TO REMAIN TOGETHER.
AMASSSTOCKPILEPILE UPHEAP UPSTORESTORE UPHOARDCUMULATEMULTIPLYACCRUE
Old Chinese Criteria
[ABSTRACT/CONCRETE]
[GENERAL/SPECIFIC]
[LARGE-SCALE/SMALL-SCALE]
[LASTING/TRANSITORY]
1. The current general word for accumulating anything concrete or abstract is jī 積 (ant. sǎn 散 "be dispersed"), and the word focusses on the process of accumulation rather than on the result only.
[LARGE-SCALE], [LASTING]
2. Xù 畜 / 蓄 refers specifically to accumulation and continuous storage of things for the purpose of sustenance of life or the rearing of domestic animals.
[CONCRETE], [SMALL-SCALE] [TRANSITORY]
3. Chǔ 儲 refers to the accumulation and continuous storage of new articles of general use for the maintainance of life.
[CONCRETE!], [TRANSITORY]
4. Lěi 累 typically refers quite literally to the piling up of things into a heap or a heap-like structure, but the word does occasionally have generalised usages referring to accumulation of any kind, abstract or concrete.
[CONCRETE!], [LASTING]
5. Wěi 委 (ant.* qì 棄 "throw away") refers to small-scale accumulation of concrete objects.
[CONCRETE], [SMALL-SCALE]
[GENERAL/SPECIFIC]
[LARGE-SCALE/SMALL-SCALE]
[LASTING/TRANSITORY]
1. The current general word for accumulating anything concrete or abstract is jī 積 (ant. sǎn 散 "be dispersed"), and the word focusses on the process of accumulation rather than on the result only.
[LARGE-SCALE], [LASTING]
2. Xù 畜 / 蓄 refers specifically to accumulation and continuous storage of things for the purpose of sustenance of life or the rearing of domestic animals.
[CONCRETE], [SMALL-SCALE] [TRANSITORY]
3. Chǔ 儲 refers to the accumulation and continuous storage of new articles of general use for the maintainance of life.
[CONCRETE!], [TRANSITORY]
4. Lěi 累 typically refers quite literally to the piling up of things into a heap or a heap-like structure, but the word does occasionally have generalised usages referring to accumulation of any kind, abstract or concrete.
[CONCRETE!], [LASTING]
5. Wěi 委 (ant.* qì 棄 "throw away") refers to small-scale accumulation of concrete objects.
[CONCRETE], [SMALL-SCALE]
Modern Chinese Criteria
積累 is the currect modern word for accumulating.
累積 is a current word with the same general meaning.
積存 refers to accumulating things for the keeping.
積聚 focussing on the collecting without special focus on one place.
聚積 focussing on the collecting in one place.
積攢 jīzǎn refers to accumulating as a mode of accumulating and saving, and the word is marginal in the group.
累
積
攢
first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH/
累積 is a current word with the same general meaning.
積存 refers to accumulating things for the keeping.
積聚 focussing on the collecting without special focus on one place.
聚積 focussing on the collecting in one place.
積攢 jīzǎn refers to accumulating as a mode of accumulating and saving, and the word is marginal in the group.
累
積
攢
first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH/
Old Chinese Contrasts
1. Some words can take abstract objects (xù 畜, jī 積, occasionally chǔ 儲 ), others are basically limited to concrete objects (jí 集, jí 輯, wěi 委, zhì 庤 ).
2. The collocation of things may be typically on a large scale (jī 積, chù 畜 ), or on a small scale (wěi 委, zhì 庤 ), or indifferently on any scale (jí 集, jí 輯 ).
3. The purpose of the collocation of things may be constant and current use (chù 畜 ), or it may typically be the creation of a large permanent collection of amassed stuff (jī 積 ), or it may be unspecified (jí 集, jí 輯 ).
2. The collocation of things may be typically on a large scale (jī 積, chù 畜 ), or on a small scale (wěi 委, zhì 庤 ), or indifferently on any scale (jí 集, jí 輯 ).
3. The purpose of the collocation of things may be constant and current use (chù 畜 ), or it may typically be the creation of a large permanent collection of amassed stuff (jī 積 ), or it may be unspecified (jí 集, jí 輯 ).
- Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien
(
DOEDERLEIN 1840)
p.
HEAP
acervus is an orderly homogeneous heap, often in layers.
congeries is a disorderly homogeneous heap, unstructured.
strues is a structured pile built up for a certain purpose.
cumulus can refer specifically to the top of a heap which gives it its desired height.
LW
aggero, aggerere, aggessi, aggestus V 3 1 TRANS [XXXBO]
heap/cover up over, pile/build up, erect; accumulate; intensify, exaggerate;
adgero, adgerere, adgessi, adgestus V 3 1 TRANS [XXXBO]
heap/cover up over, pile/build up, erect; accumulate; intensify, exaggerate;
conglobo, conglobare, conglobavi, conglobatus V 1 1 [XXXBO]
form/make into a ball; roll up; accumulate; crowd/press/mass together; clot;
adcumulo, adcumulare, adcumulavi, adcumulatus V 1 1 TRANS [XXXCO]
accumulate, heap/pile up/soil; add by exaggeration; add, increase, enhance;
accumulo, accumulare, accumulavi, accumulatus V 1 1 TRANS [XXXCO]
accumulate, heap/pile up/soil; add by exaggeration; add, increase, enhance;
*
- 韓非子同義詞研究
(
HANFEI TONGYI 2004)
p.
155 積，儲，畜／蓄
- 論衡同義詞研究
(
LUNHENG TONGYI 2004)
p.
39 - Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie
(
RITTER 1971-2007)
p.
1.127 AKKUMULATIONSTHEORIE
- 王力古漢語字典
(
WANG LI 2000)
p.
941 積，績
- 王力古漢語字典
(
WANG LI 2000)
p.
946 累，纍，絫
- Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary
(
TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996)
p.
208 - SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse
(
GIRARD 1769)
p.
1.21.17 ACCUMULER.AMASSER
Words
積 jī OC: skleɡ MC: tsiɛk 83 AttributionsWD
The current general word for accumulating anything concrete or abstract is jī 積 (ant. sǎn 散 "be dispersed"). [LARGE-SCALE], [LASTING]
- Word relations
- Ant: 散/SCATTER
The current standard word for scattering anything in any way is sàn 散. - Object: 道術/PHILOSOPHY
- Assoc: 畜 / 蓄/ACCUMULATE
Xù 畜/蓄 refers specifically to accumulation and continuous storage of things for the purpose of sustenance of life or the rearing of domestic animals. [CONCRETE], [SMALL-SCALE] [TRANSITORY] - Assoc: 儲/ACCUMULATE
Chǔ 儲 refers to the accumulation and continuous storage of new articles of general use for the maintainance of life. [CONCRETE!], [TRANSITORY] - Assoc: 委/ACCUMULATE
Wěi 委 (ant.* qì 棄 "throw away") refers to small-scale accumulation of concrete objects. [CONCRETE], [SMALL-SCALE] - Assoc: 累/ACCUMULATE
Lěi 累 typically refers quite literally to the piling up of things into a heap or a heap-like structure, but the word does occasionally have generalised usages referring to accumulation of any kind, abstract or concrete. [CONCRETE!], [LASTING] - Assoc: 聚 / 聚/GATHER
The most current general term for the temporary assembling of things is jù 聚 (ant. sàn 散 "spread") which can refer to the gathering together of what does not necessarily belong together and of what is not necessarily of the same kind and what will disperse or be dispersed. - Synon: 儲/ACCUMULATE
Chǔ 儲 refers to the accumulation and continuous storage of new articles of general use for the maintainance of life. [CONCRETE!], [TRANSITORY] - Synon: 累/ACCUMULATE
Lěi 累 typically refers quite literally to the piling up of things into a heap or a heap-like structure, but the word does occasionally have generalised usages referring to accumulation of any kind, abstract or concrete. [CONCRETE!], [LASTING]
- Syntactic words
- nabaccumulation of experience or other benign influenceLZ
- nab.post-Nactaccumulation of the NsCH
- v[adN]passive[WHAT IS ACCUMULATED>] collected supplies, stockpiles
- v[adN]passivethe whole consisting of "piled-up" partial aspects (XUN)LZ
- vadNN=placefilled out; full
- vadNpassiveaccumulated
- vt+prep+Nmiddleget accumulated at N, congregate at NLZ
- vt0oNpassivethere are accumulated, there are heaps of 積珍寶
- vt1oN1.-vt2oN2accumulate N1 as to create N2DS
- vt[oN]engage in the accumulation of things
- vtoNcollect and amass, typically on a large scale
- vtoNabfigurativeaccumulate (particularly especially)
- vtoNfigurativeaccumulate experience with/in NLZ
- vtoNfigurativeachieve/produce/become N through accumulationLZ
- vtoNmiddle voiceget accumulated; be accumulated
- vtoNpassive, figurativeget (abstractly) accumulated (through repetitive practice)
- vttoN1.+prep+N2N2=placegather N1 in N2DS
儲 chǔ OC: ɡ-la MC: ɖi̯ɤ 11 AttributionsWD
Chǔ 儲 refers to the accumulation and continuous storage of new articles of general use for the maintainance of life. [CONCRETE!], [TRANSITORY]
- Word relations
- Assoc: 積/ACCUMULATE
The current general word for accumulating anything concrete or abstract is jī 積 (ant. sǎn 散 "be dispersed"). [LARGE-SCALE], [LASTING] - Synon: 積/ACCUMULATE
The current general word for accumulating anything concrete or abstract is jī 積 (ant. sǎn 散 "be dispersed"). [LARGE-SCALE], [LASTING]
- Syntactic words
- nobject[WHAT IS ACCUMULATED>] reserve; stock-pile
- vadNpassivecollected, assembled
- viactto accumulate things; to store things
- vtoNassemble, gather together for lasting storage; YTL: collect and store up (provisions, arms, horses etc)
委 wěi OC: qrolʔ MC: ʔiɛ 10 AttributionsWD
Wěi 委 (ant.* qì 棄 "throw away") refers to small-scale accumulation of concrete objects. [CONCRETE], [SMALL-SCALE]
- Word relations
- Assoc: 聚 / 聚/GATHER
The most current general term for the temporary assembling of things is jù 聚 (ant. sàn 散 "spread") which can refer to the gathering together of what does not necessarily belong together and of what is not necessarily of the same kind and what will disperse or be dispersed. - Assoc: 積/ACCUMULATE
The current general word for accumulating anything concrete or abstract is jī 積 (ant. sǎn 散 "be dispersed"). [LARGE-SCALE], [LASTING]
- Syntactic words
- naccumulation (of grain); supply (of grain); public store of grain; grain in storage; reserve; surplussyn.group ?????
- vadNaccumulated
- viactpile up on a small scale; garner
- vimiddle voiceget accumulated
- vtoNpile up on a small scale
累 lěi OC: rolʔ MC: liɛ 9 AttributionsWD
Lěi 累 typically refers quite literally to the piling up of things into a heap or a heap-like structure, but the word does occasionally have generalised usages referring to accumulation of any kind, abstract or concrete. [CONCRETE!], [LASTING]
- Word relations
- Assoc: 積/ACCUMULATE
The current general word for accumulating anything concrete or abstract is jī 積 (ant. sǎn 散 "be dispersed"). [LARGE-SCALE], [LASTING] - Synon: 積/ACCUMULATE
The current general word for accumulating anything concrete or abstract is jī 積 (ant. sǎn 散 "be dispersed"). [LARGE-SCALE], [LASTING]
- Syntactic words
- vadN(piled-up>) many; a pile of
- vtoNpile up; assemble; accumulate; increase manyfold
- vtoNallowallow N to accumulate thingsDS
蓄積 xù jī OC: qhluɡ skleɡ MC: huk tsiɛk 8 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPmvarious stockpiles; accumulated resources of all kinds; the various accumulated resources
- VPt[oN]accumulate things
畜 xù OC: qhluɡ MC: huk
蓄 xù OC: qhluɡ MC: huk 6 AttributionsWD
Xù 畜/蓄 refers specifically to accumulation and continuous storage of things for the purpose of sustenance of life or the rearing of domestic animals. [CONCRETE], [SMALL-SCALE] [TRANSITORY]
- Word relations
- Assoc: 積/ACCUMULATE
The current general word for accumulating anything concrete or abstract is jī 積 (ant. sǎn 散 "be dispersed"). [LARGE-SCALE], [LASTING] - Synon: 食/EAT
The general word is shí 食 which refers to any form of taking in food, but the word is probably primarily a noun meaning "food". Cf. 飯疏食 "dine on coarse food".
- Syntactic words
- nmWHAT IS STORED UP> reserves, provisions
- vtoN(foster up>) amass (supplies); harbour and accumulate (resentment)
積聚 jī jù OC: skleɡ sɡoʔ MC: tsiɛk dzi̯o 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt(oN)accumulate the contextually determinate N
- VPtoNaccumulate
蘊 yùn OC: quns MC: ʔi̯un 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNaccumulate; gather 蘊利生孽"accumulating gain creates misfortune"
聚集 jù jí OC: sɡoʔ sɡub MC: dzi̯o dzip 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPmobjectaccumulated objects; things one has collected or accumulated
- VPt(oN)assemble; constitute by bringing together
畜積 xù zì MC: xjuwk tsjeH OC: qhluɡ skleɡsLZ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt(oN)= xu4ji1 蓄積: accumulate the contextually determinate NLZ
- VPtoN= xu4ji1 蓄積: accumulate, amassLZ
- VPtoNmiddle voice= xu4ji1 蓄積: get accumulated, amassedLZ
封 fēng OC: poŋ MC: pi̯oŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- viactaccumulate earth> make a heap
湊 còu OC: skhoos MC: tshu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNpassivebe accumulated
貯 zhǔ OC: taʔ MC: ti̯ɤ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNaccumulate; heap; store
鳩 jiū OC: ku MC: kɨu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNassemble; keep together GY: 可以鑑而鳩趙宗乎
湊集 còu jí OC: skhoos sɡub MC: tshu dzip 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNpassivebe accumulated
累積 lěi jī OC: rolʔ skleɡ MC: liɛ tsiɛk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiaccumulate things
聚蓄 jù xù OC: sɡoʔ qhluɡ MC: dzi̯o huk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNresultativegather together so as to store up for later use
益積 yì jī MC: 'jiek tsjeH OC: qleɡ skleɡ CH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNincreasingly accumulateCH
溫 wēn MC: 'won OC: quunLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- nabresult(= yun4 蘊) accumulated experience and wisdomLZ
積重 jī zhòng MC: tsjeH drjowng OC: skleɡ doŋʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNaccumulateLZ
疊 dié OC: dɯɯb MC: dep 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadNaccumulated > piled up
- vtoNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
磊 lěi OC: ruulʔ MC: luo̝i 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vi.redREDUP: be piling up, be in a heap, on top of each other (typically of rocks)
積累 jī lěi OC: skleɡ rolʔ MC: tsiɛk liɛ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNfigurativeaccumulate
居 jū OC: ka MC: ki̯ɤ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNgather, accumulate; set aside (necessities of life etc)
Existing SW for
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