ACCUMULATE    積累積

GATHER THINGS INTEND:so as to CAUSE them THEREUPON TO REMAIN TOGETHER. 
AMASSSTOCKPILEPILE UPHEAP UPSTORESTORE UPHOARDCUMULATEMULTIPLYACCRUE
Old Chinese Criteria
[ABSTRACT/CONCRETE] [GENERAL/SPECIFIC] [LARGE-SCALE/SMALL-SCALE] [LASTING/TRANSITORY] 1. The current general word for accumulating anything concrete or abstract is jī 積 (ant. sǎn 散 "be dispersed"), and the word focusses on the process of accumulation rather than on the result only. [LARGE-SCALE], [LASTING] 2. Xù 畜 / 蓄 refers specifically to accumulation and continuous storage of things for the purpose of sustenance of life or the rearing of domestic animals. [CONCRETE], [SMALL-SCALE] [TRANSITORY] 3. Chǔ 儲 refers to the accumulation and continuous storage of new articles of general use for the maintainance of life. [CONCRETE!], [TRANSITORY] 4. Lěi 累 typically refers quite literally to the piling up of things into a heap or a heap-like structure, but the word does occasionally have generalised usages referring to accumulation of any kind, abstract or concrete. [CONCRETE!], [LASTING] 5. Wěi 委 (ant.* qì 棄 "throw away") refers to small-scale accumulation of concrete objects. [CONCRETE], [SMALL-SCALE]
Modern Chinese Criteria
積累 is the currect modern word for accumulating. 累積 is a current word with the same general meaning. 積存 refers to accumulating things for the keeping. 積聚 focussing on the collecting without special focus on one place. 聚積 focussing on the collecting in one place. 積攢 jīzǎn refers to accumulating as a mode of accumulating and saving, and the word is marginal in the group. 累 積 攢 first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH/
Antonym
  • SCATTERDISPLACE so as to CAUSE TO PARTS TO BE IN MANY DIFFERENT PLACES.
    Hypernym
    • GATHER　DISPLACE THINGS TOGETHER INTO ONE PLACE. (anc: 12/0, child: 3)
    • DISPLACE　CAUSE to MOVE. (anc: 11/0, child: 28)
    • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    HEAP

    acervus is an orderly homogeneous heap, often in layers.

    congeries is a disorderly homogeneous heap, unstructured.

    strues is a structured pile built up for a certain purpose.

    cumulus can refer specifically to the top of a heap which gives it its desired height.

    LW

    aggero, aggerere, aggessi, aggestus V 3 1 TRANS [XXXBO]

    heap/cover up over, pile/build up, erect; accumulate; intensify, exaggerate;

    adgero, adgerere, adgessi, adgestus V 3 1 TRANS [XXXBO]

    heap/cover up over, pile/build up, erect; accumulate; intensify, exaggerate;

    conglobo, conglobare, conglobavi, conglobatus V 1 1 [XXXBO]

    form/make into a ball; roll up; accumulate; crowd/press/mass together; clot;

    adcumulo, adcumulare, adcumulavi, adcumulatus V 1 1 TRANS [XXXCO]

    accumulate, heap/pile up/soil; add by exaggeration; add, increase, enhance;

    accumulo, accumulare, accumulavi, accumulatus V 1 1 TRANS [XXXCO]

    accumulate, heap/pile up/soil; add by exaggeration; add, increase, enhance;

    *

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 155

    積，儲，畜／蓄

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 39

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 1.127

    AKKUMULATIONSTHEORIE

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 941

    積，績

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 946

    累，纍，絫

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 208

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.21.17

    ACCUMULER.AMASSER

    • Words (24 items)

    積  jī OC: skleɡ MC: tsiɛk 87 Attributions

    The current general word for accumulating anything concrete or abstract is jī 積 (ant. sǎn 散 "be dispersed"). [LARGE-SCALE], [LASTING]

      Word relations
    • Ant: 散/SCATTER The current standard word for scattering anything in any way is sàn 散.
    • Object: 道術/PHILOSOPHY
    • Assoc: 畜 / 蓄/ACCUMULATE Xù 畜/蓄 refers specifically to accumulation and continuous storage of things for the purpose of sustenance of life or the rearing of domestic animals. [CONCRETE], [SMALL-SCALE] [TRANSITORY]
    • Assoc: 儲/ACCUMULATE Chǔ 儲 refers to the accumulation and continuous storage of new articles of general use for the maintainance of life. [CONCRETE!], [TRANSITORY]
    • Assoc: 委/ACCUMULATE Wěi 委 (ant.* qì 棄 "throw away") refers to small-scale accumulation of concrete objects. [CONCRETE], [SMALL-SCALE]
    • Assoc: 累/ACCUMULATE Lěi 累 typically refers quite literally to the piling up of things into a heap or a heap-like structure, but the word does occasionally have generalised usages referring to accumulation of any kind, abstract or concrete. [CONCRETE!], [LASTING]
    • Assoc: 聚 / 聚/GATHER The most current general term for the temporary assembling of things is jù 聚 (ant. sàn 散 "spread") which can refer to the gathering together of what does not necessarily belong together and of what is not necessarily of the same kind and what will disperse or be dispersed.
    • Synon: 儲/ACCUMULATE Chǔ 儲 refers to the accumulation and continuous storage of new articles of general use for the maintainance of life. [CONCRETE!], [TRANSITORY]
    • Synon: 累/ACCUMULATE Lěi 累 typically refers quite literally to the piling up of things into a heap or a heap-like structure, but the word does occasionally have generalised usages referring to accumulation of any kind, abstract or concrete. [CONCRETE!], [LASTING]

      Syntactic words
    • nabaccumulation of experience or other benign influenceLZ
    • nab.post-Nactaccumulation of the NsCH
    • v[adN]passive[WHAT IS ACCUMULATED>] collected supplies, stockpiles
    • v[adN]passivethe whole consisting of "piled-up" partial aspects (XUN)LZ
    • vadNN=placefilled out; full
    • vadNpassiveaccumulated
    • vt+prep+Nmiddleget accumulated at N, congregate at NLZ
    • vt0oNpassivethere are accumulated, there are heaps of 積珍寶
    • vt1oN1.-vt2oN2accumulate N1 as to create N2DS
    • vt[oN]engage in the accumulation of things
    • vtoNcollect and amass, typically on a large scale
    • vtoNabfigurativeaccumulate (particularly especially) 
    • vtoNfigurativeaccumulate experience with/in NLZ
    • vtoNfigurativeachieve/produce/become N through accumulationLZ
    • vtoNmiddle voiceget accumulated; be accumulated
    • vtoNpassive, figurativeget (abstractly) accumulated (through repetitive practice)
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2N2=placegather N1 in N2DS
    儲  chǔ OC: ɡ-la MC: ɖi̯ɤ 11 Attributions

    Chǔ 儲 refers to the accumulation and continuous storage of new articles of general use for the maintainance of life. [CONCRETE!], [TRANSITORY]

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 積/ACCUMULATE The current general word for accumulating anything concrete or abstract is jī 積 (ant. sǎn 散 "be dispersed"). [LARGE-SCALE], [LASTING]
    • Synon: 積/ACCUMULATE The current general word for accumulating anything concrete or abstract is jī 積 (ant. sǎn 散 "be dispersed"). [LARGE-SCALE], [LASTING]

      Syntactic words
    • nobject[WHAT IS ACCUMULATED>] reserve; stock-pile
    • vadNpassivecollected, assembled
    • viactto accumulate things; to store things
    • vtoNassemble, gather together for lasting storage; YTL: collect and store up (provisions, arms, horses etc)
    委  wěi OC: qrolʔ MC: ʔiɛ 10 Attributions

    Wěi 委 (ant.* qì 棄 "throw away") refers to small-scale accumulation of concrete objects. [CONCRETE], [SMALL-SCALE]

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 聚 / 聚/GATHER The most current general term for the temporary assembling of things is jù 聚 (ant. sàn 散 "spread") which can refer to the gathering together of what does not necessarily belong together and of what is not necessarily of the same kind and what will disperse or be dispersed.
    • Assoc: 積/ACCUMULATE The current general word for accumulating anything concrete or abstract is jī 積 (ant. sǎn 散 "be dispersed"). [LARGE-SCALE], [LASTING]

      Syntactic words
    • naccumulation (of grain); supply (of grain); public store of grain; grain in storage; reserve; surplussyn.group ?????
    • vadNaccumulated
    • viactpile up on a small scale; garner
    • vimiddle voiceget accumulated
    • vtoNpile up on a small scale
    累  lěi OC: rolʔ MC: liɛ 9 Attributions

    Lěi 累 typically refers quite literally to the piling up of things into a heap or a heap-like structure, but the word does occasionally have generalised usages referring to accumulation of any kind, abstract or concrete. [CONCRETE!], [LASTING]

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 積/ACCUMULATE The current general word for accumulating anything concrete or abstract is jī 積 (ant. sǎn 散 "be dispersed"). [LARGE-SCALE], [LASTING]
    • Synon: 積/ACCUMULATE The current general word for accumulating anything concrete or abstract is jī 積 (ant. sǎn 散 "be dispersed"). [LARGE-SCALE], [LASTING]

      Syntactic words
    • vadN(piled-up>) many; a pile of
    • vtoNpile up; assemble; accumulate; increase manyfold
    • vtoNallowallow N to accumulate thingsDS
    蓄積  xù jī OC: qhluɡ skleɡ MC: huk tsiɛk 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPmvarious stockpiles; accumulated resources of all kinds; the various accumulated resources
    • VPt[oN]accumulate things
    畜  xù OC: qhluɡ MC: huk
    蓄  xù OC: qhluɡ MC: huk 6 Attributions

    Xù 畜/蓄 refers specifically to accumulation and continuous storage of things for the purpose of sustenance of life or the rearing of domestic animals. [CONCRETE], [SMALL-SCALE] [TRANSITORY]

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 積/ACCUMULATE The current general word for accumulating anything concrete or abstract is jī 積 (ant. sǎn 散 "be dispersed"). [LARGE-SCALE], [LASTING]
    • Synon: 食/EAT The general word is shí 食 which refers to any form of taking in food, but the word is probably primarily a noun meaning "food". Cf. 飯疏食 "dine on coarse food".

      Syntactic words
    • nmWHAT IS STORED UP> reserves, provisions
    • vtoN(foster up>) amass (supplies); harbour and accumulate (resentment)
    積聚  jī jù OC: skleɡ sɡoʔ MC: tsiɛk dzi̯o 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)accumulate the contextually determinate N
    • VPtoNaccumulate
    蘊  yùn OC: quns MC: ʔi̯un 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNaccumulate; gather 蘊利生孽"accumulating gain creates misfortune"
    聚集  jù jí OC: sɡoʔ sɡub MC: dzi̯o dzip 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPmobjectaccumulated objects; things one has collected or accumulated
    • VPt(oN)assemble; constitute by bringing together
    畜積  xù zì MC: xjuwk tsjeH OC: qhluɡ skleɡs 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)= xu4ji1 蓄積: accumulate the contextually determinate NLZ
    • VPtoN= xu4ji1 蓄積: accumulate, amassLZ
    • VPtoNmiddle voice= xu4ji1 蓄積: get accumulated, amassedLZ
    貯  zhǔ OC: taʔ MC: ti̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNaccumulate; heap; store
    聚蓄  jù xù OC: sɡoʔ qhluɡ MC: dzi̯o huk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativegather together so as to store up for later use
    鳩  jiū OC: ku MC: kɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNassemble; keep together GY: 可以鑑而鳩趙宗乎
    累積  lěi jī OC: rolʔ skleɡ MC: liɛ tsiɛk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiaccumulate things
    封  fēng OC: poŋ MC: pi̯oŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viactaccumulate earth> make a heap
    益積  yì jī MC: 'jiek tsjeH  OC: qleɡ skleɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNincreasingly accumulateCH
    積重  jī zhòng MC: tsjeH drjowng OC: skleɡ doŋʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNaccumulateLZ
    湊  còu OC: skhoos MC: tshu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpassivebe accumulated
    溫  wēn MC: 'won OC: quun 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabresult(= yun4 蘊) accumulated experience and wisdomLZ
    湊集  còu jí OC: skhoos sɡub MC: tshu dzip 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNpassivebe accumulated
    積累  jī lěi OC: skleɡ rolʔ MC: tsiɛk liɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNfigurativeaccumulate
    居  jū OC: ka MC: ki̯ɤ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNgather, accumulate; set aside (necessities of life etc)
    疊  dié OC: dɯɯb MC: dep 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNaccumulated > piled up
    • vtoNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
    磊  lěi OC: ruulʔ MC: luo̝i 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vi.redREDUP: be piling up, be in a heap, on top of each other (typically of rocks)