BREATHE  呼吸

DISPLACE AIR so as to FILL the LUNGS with AIR AND THEN CAUSE the LUNGS TO BECOME EMPTY of that AIR in order to SURVIVE.
RESPIREDRAW BREATHPUFFPANTBLOWGASPWHEEZEHUFF
Hypernym
  • DISPLACECAUSE to MOVE.
    • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION.
      • CHANGEEVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2.
        • EVENTREALITY that ARISES in TIME....
See also
  • SIGHBREATHE out INTENSELY AND LOUDLY so as to SHOW one's SELF:own SADNESS.
    Hyponym
    • BLOW　BREATHE so as to CAUSE the LUNGS TO BECOME EMPTY of AIR in order to PRODUCE a TENUOUS WIND.
      • WHISTLE　BLOW OUT BREATH SO AS TO PRODUCE A SHARP SOUND.
    • COUGH　BREATHE so as to BLOW out AIR SUDDENLY AND QUICKLY, OFTEN BECAUSE of a DEFECT IN one's THROAT OR LUNGS.
      • SNEEZE　COUGH SUDDENLY AND INTENSELY, NOT VOLUNTARILY.
    • SIGH　BREATHE out INTENSELY AND LOUDLY so as to SHOW one's SELF:own SADNESS.
      • YAWN　BREATHE out INTENSELY AND INVOLUNTARILY, OFTEN:typically BECAUSE one is TIRED.
        • PANT　BREATHE INTENSELY AND QUICKLY AFTER INTENSE MOVEMENT.
          Old Chinese Criteria
          1. The current standard words for breathing are xí 息 "breathe" and hū xī 呼吸 "breathe out and in", and the latter word refers also more generally to taking in things liquids through the mouth, ant. tǔ 吐 "spit out".

          2. Chuī 吹 refers to the blowing out of breath either as part of heavy breathing or e.g. in the playing of music. See BLOW.

          3. Chuǎn 喘 refers to heavy panting, including breathing in and out, especially on the occasion of exhaustion or ill health. See PANT.

          4. Xī 吸 refers specifically to breathing in.

          5. Pèn 噴 refers to the breathing out of air including the concurrent spitting out of liquids or indeed food in the mouth, proverbially rice.

          6. Xū 噓 refers to breathing lightly, in and out, without making any noise, but the focus is often on the breathing out rather than in.

          7. Kuì 喟 refers to the breathing out heavily and noisily, in the manner of an intense and demonstrative sigh. See SIGH.

          8. Xǔ 煦 is to breathe (typically warm) air on something, but the word is much more common in the meaning "to shout".

          9. Hū 呼 occasionally refers to the breathing out of air, also including certain light liquids, but the word standardly focusses on the considerable noise being produced on this occasion. See SHOUT.

          NB: that most words for breathing refer primarily to breathing through the mouth and not through the nose.

          黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
          HUANG JINGUI 2006

          HUMAN BODY 5. 呼吸。

          息，通稱。

          喘，因勞累、炎熱、疾病等造成的急促呼吸。

          嘽，專指由疲勞引起的急促呼吸。

          哮，宋以後出現病名，指有聲響的急促呼吸。

          Modern Chinese Criteria
          呼吸 is the current modern word for breathing.

          透氣 is a rather clinical term for drawing breath.

          微吹 refers to breathing very lightly.

          rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

          • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 4.51

          • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.233

          • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.916

          • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

          Words

          息  xī OC: sqlɯɡ MC: sɨk 15 AttributionsWD

          The current standard words for breathing are xí 息 "breathe" and hū xī 呼吸 "breathe out and in", and the latter word refers also more generally to taking in things liquids through the mouth, ant. tǔ 吐 "spit out".

            Syntactic words
          • nabactact of breathing, continued breathing; breathing practice
          • nabfigurativegale, storm
          • nmbreath
          • vadNbreathing (and thus living)
          • viactbreathe (in and out)
          氣  qì OC: khɯds MC: khɨi 9 AttributionsWD

            Word relations
          • Object: 定/FIX The current general word for fixing something in any objective and interpersonal way, concrete or abstract is dìng 定.
          • Object: 治/CONTROL Zhì 治 refers to the orderly and principled long-term control of something.
          • Contrast: 心/MIND The general word for the mental sphere of man is xīn 心 "HEART> mind" (ant. xíng 形 "physical shape, body", tǐ 體 "limbs, body").
          • Synon: 息/BREATHE The current standard words for breathing are xí 息 "breathe" and hū xī 呼吸 "breathe out and in", and the latter word refers also more generally to taking in things liquids through the mouth, ant. tǔ 吐 "spit out".

            Syntactic words
          • nmbreath
          • nmexpressivebreath; breath and inner vital energies, breath and spirits; vital spirits of a person
          噓  xù OC: qhlas MC: hi̯ɤ
          噓  xū OC: qhla MC: hi̯ɤ 5 AttributionsWD

          Xū 噓 refers to breathing lightly, in and out, without making any noise, but the focus is often on the breathing out rather than in.

            Syntactic words
          • vi.red:adNonomatopoeia(sound of) heavy breathing; breathing noisily
          • viactbreathe out slowly and noiselessly
          • vtoNbreathe on something
          呼吸  hū xī OC: qhaa hŋrɯb MC: huo̝ hip 5 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPabactbreathing
          • VPiactbreathe in and out
          吸  xī OC: hŋrɯb MC: hip 4 AttributionsWD

          Xī 吸 refers specifically to breathing in.

            Word relations
          • Oppos: 呼/BREATHE Hū 呼 occasionally refers to the breathing out of air, also including certain light liquids, but the word standardly focusses on the considerable noise being produced on this occasion. See SHOUT.

            Syntactic words
          • viactbreathe in
          • vtoNbreathe in
          怒  nù OC: naas MC: nuo̝ 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • viactpuff oneself up by breathing heavily
          • vt(oN)causativecause the contextually determinate object to breathe
          噓噏  xū xī MC: xip OC: qhla --CH 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPibreathe heavily in and outCH
          • VPtoNbreathe heavily in and outCH
          吐  tǔ OC: kh-laaʔ MC: thuo̝ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNactbreathe out
          吹  chuī OC: khjol MC: tɕhiɛ 1 AttributionWD

          Chuī 吹 refers to the blowing out of breath either as part of heavy breathing or e.g. in the playing of music. See BLOW.

            Syntactic words
          • viactblow
          呼  hū OC: qhaa MC: huo̝ 1 AttributionWD

          Hū 呼 occasionally refers to the breathing out of air, also including certain light liquids, but the word standardly focusses on the considerable noise being produced on this occasion. See SHOUT.

            Syntactic words
          • viactbreathe out
          呴喣咻  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC:
          喣  xǔ OC: qhoʔ MC: hi̯o
          咻  xǔ OC: qhoʔ MC: hi̯o 1 AttributionWD

          Xǔ 煦 is to breathe (typically warm) air on something, but the word is much more common in the meaning "to shout".

            Syntactic words
          • vtoNblow warm air on
          噴  pēn OC: phɯɯn MC: phuo̝n 1 AttributionWD

          Pēn 噴 refers to the breathing out of air including the concurrent spitting out of liquids or indeed food in the mouth, proverbially rice.

            Syntactic words
          • nabactsnorting (of a horse)
          • viactblow out
          • vtoNblow out
          歔  xū OC: qhla MC: hi̯ɤ 1 AttributionWD

            Word relations
          • Oppos: 吹/BREATHE Chuī 吹 refers to the blowing out of breath either as part of heavy breathing or e.g. in the playing of music. See BLOW.

            Syntactic words
          • viactexhale; sigh; blow through the nose; sob; breathe out gently
          納  nà OC: nuub MC: nəp 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNbreathe in
          口氣  kǒu qì OC: khooʔ khɯds MC: khu khɨi 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPbreath
          喙息  huì xī OC: qhlods sqlɯɡ MC: hi̯ɐi sɨk 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VP[adN]creatures that can breathe
          數息  shuò xī OC: sqrooɡ sqlɯɡ MC: ʂɣɔk sɨk 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPiactbreathe through the nose as a concentration technique (Baopuzi)
          氣息  qì xī OC: khɯds sqlɯɡ MC: khɨi sɨk 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPabactbreathing
          端  duān MC: twan OC: toonLZ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vi= 喘; pant, breathe heavily; (XUN allegedly: breathe slightly)LZ
          喘  chuǎn MC: tsyhwenX OC: thjonʔCH 1 AttributionWD

            Word relations
          • Contrast: 息/BREATHE The current standard words for breathing are xí 息 "breathe" and hū xī 呼吸 "breathe out and in", and the latter word refers also more generally to taking in things liquids through the mouth, ant. tǔ 吐 "spit out".

            Syntactic words
          • vibreathe inCH
          吮  shǔn OC: ɢljunʔ MC: ʑʷin 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNsuck in (breath or liquids)[WRONG SYN GROUP][CA]
          呵  hè OC: qhlaals MC: hɑ 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • viactbreathe out as a show of anger
          喟  kuì OC: khruds MC: khi 0 AttributionsWD

          Kuì 喟 refers to the breathing out heavily and noisily, in the manner of an intense and demonstrative sigh. See SIGH.

            Syntactic words
          歕  pēn OC: phɯɯn MC: phuo̝n 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNbreathe on???
          風  fēng OC: plum MC: puŋ 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vienjoy the air
          安般  ān bān OC: qaan paan MC: ʔɑn pʷɑn 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPabmethodBUDDH: breathing technique involving quiet breathing

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