BLAME 責怪咎
CRITICISE someone as GUILTY of a WICKED:reprehensible MISTAKE OR a CRIME.
HOLD RESPONSIBLEHOLD ACCOUNTABLECONDEMNACCUSEFIND/CONSIDER GUILTYASSIGN FAULT/LIABILITY/GUILT TOINDICTPOINT THE FINGER ATFINGERINCRIMINATEARCHAIC INCULPATE
Antonym
- PRAISESPEAK about something GOOD and NOT COMMON in ANOTHER HUMAN, ANIMAL OR THING.
- FORGIVEPROMISE someone one ASSUMES to be GUILTY of a CRIME OR MISTAKE which OFFENDS ONE so as to SAY that one WILL NOT HATE THAT PERSON BECAUSE of that CRIME OR MISTAKE.
Hypernym
- CRITICISESPEAK AND NAME SOMETHING BAD and AVOIDABLE.
See also
- GUILTRESPONSIBILITY FOR ONE'S AVOIDABLE PAST BAD ACT.
- CURSESPEAK so as to TRY to CAUSE DIVINE DISASTER FOR someone.
- COMPLAINSAY that something is NOT JUST AND BAD IN-RELATION-TO SELF:oneself OR someone CLOSE to SELF:oneself.
- GRUMBLECOMPLAIN ADDRESSING ONESELF to ONESELF
Hyponym
Old Chinese Criteria
[ARCHAIC/CURRENT]
[DRAMATIC/UNDRAMATIC]
[ELEVATED/FAMILIAR]
[FACE-TO-FACE/NOT-FACE-TO-FACE]
[GENERAL/SPECIFIC]
[HIGH-DEGREE/LOW-DEGREE]
[PRIVATE/PUBLIC]
1. The current general word for declaring someone morally rather than criminally responsible for a misdeed is jiù 咎 (ant. yù 譽 "praise").
[ARCHAIC?], [NOT-FACE-TO-FACE!], [PRIVATE]
2. Shǔ 數 refers to the recounting and publicly recounting and listing up of the misdeeds or mistakes someone has made.
[FACE-TO-FACE], [HIGH-DEGREE]
3. Zé 責 (ant. chēng 稱 "praise someone for something") often refers to the public apportioning of blame without the threat of legal action. [see ACCUSE]
[FORMAL], [FACE-TO-FACE]
4. Ràng 讓 (ant. zàn 贊 "commend strongly, in public") refers to strong public blame and abuse.
[DRAMATIC], [FACE-TO-FACE], [PUBLIC],
5. Qiào 誚 refers to a strong and often abusive public reprimand.
[DRAMATIC], [FACE-TO-FACE], [FAMILIAR]; [[RARE]]
5. Yóu 尤 often refers to official blame and censure, but there are archaic generalised uses of the word where it simply means "to apportion blame for something".
[ARCHAIC+], [ELEVATED], [NOT-FACE-TO-FACE]
6. Jí 疾 (ant. měi 美 "praise the splendid qualities of someone") refers to strong personal stricture.
[DRAMATIC], [FACE-TO-FACE], [INFORMAL]
7. Guò 過 (ant. yù 譽 ) typically refers to a mild and/or subjective moral disagreement with someone. See MISTAKE
[LOW-DEGREE], [MARGINAL]
[DRAMATIC/UNDRAMATIC]
[ELEVATED/FAMILIAR]
[FACE-TO-FACE/NOT-FACE-TO-FACE]
[GENERAL/SPECIFIC]
[HIGH-DEGREE/LOW-DEGREE]
[PRIVATE/PUBLIC]
1. The current general word for declaring someone morally rather than criminally responsible for a misdeed is jiù 咎 (ant. yù 譽 "praise").
[ARCHAIC?], [NOT-FACE-TO-FACE!], [PRIVATE]
2. Shǔ 數 refers to the recounting and publicly recounting and listing up of the misdeeds or mistakes someone has made.
[FACE-TO-FACE], [HIGH-DEGREE]
3. Zé 責 (ant. chēng 稱 "praise someone for something") often refers to the public apportioning of blame without the threat of legal action. [see ACCUSE]
[FORMAL], [FACE-TO-FACE]
4. Ràng 讓 (ant. zàn 贊 "commend strongly, in public") refers to strong public blame and abuse.
[DRAMATIC], [FACE-TO-FACE], [PUBLIC],
5. Qiào 誚 refers to a strong and often abusive public reprimand.
[DRAMATIC], [FACE-TO-FACE], [FAMILIAR]; [[RARE]]
5. Yóu 尤 often refers to official blame and censure, but there are archaic generalised uses of the word where it simply means "to apportion blame for something".
[ARCHAIC+], [ELEVATED], [NOT-FACE-TO-FACE]
6. Jí 疾 (ant. měi 美 "praise the splendid qualities of someone") refers to strong personal stricture.
[DRAMATIC], [FACE-TO-FACE], [INFORMAL]
7. Guò 過 (ant. yù 譽 ) typically refers to a mild and/or subjective moral disagreement with someone. See MISTAKE
[LOW-DEGREE], [MARGINAL]
Modern Chinese Criteria
怪 is the current colloquial modern word for blaming someeone.
責怪 is the standard modern word for blaming someone.
責備 refers in a neutral way to holding someone responsible for a misdeed without necessarily distancing oneself from that person.
怪罪 focusses strongly on the guilt/crime attributed.
見罪 refers specifically to exposure to blame, in the passive mode.
見怪 refers specifically to exposure to blame, in the passive mode.
嗔怪 refers to hot-headed angry blaming.
賴 refers to blaming someone wrongly.
嗔 (cl)
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
責怪 is the standard modern word for blaming someone.
責備 refers in a neutral way to holding someone responsible for a misdeed without necessarily distancing oneself from that person.
怪罪 focusses strongly on the guilt/crime attributed.
見罪 refers specifically to exposure to blame, in the passive mode.
見怪 refers specifically to exposure to blame, in the passive mode.
嗔怪 refers to hot-headed angry blaming.
賴 refers to blaming someone wrongly.
嗔 (cl)
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Old Chinese Contrasts
1. The censure may be primarily a public act (qiào 誚, ràng 讓, shǔ 數, zé 責 ); or it may be primarily private and psychological act (guò 過, jiù 咎 ).
2. The censure may be serious and powerful (jiù 咎, ràng 讓, shǔ 數, yóu 尤, zé 責 ); or it may be admit of the possibility of the censure being cursory and transitory (qiào 誚, zhé 謫 ).
3. The censure may be primarily directed against a transgression (zhé 謫, guò 過, shù 數, zé 責 ); or it may be predominantly ad hominem (ràng 讓, qiào 誚, jiù 咎 ).
4. The censure may be impulsive and face-to-face (shǔ 數, ràng 讓, qiào 誚, zé 責 ); or it may be well-considered and normally not accompanied by a face-to-face confrontation (jiù 咎, guò 過, yóu 尤, zhé 謫 ).
2. The censure may be serious and powerful (jiù 咎, ràng 讓, shǔ 數, yóu 尤, zé 責 ); or it may be admit of the possibility of the censure being cursory and transitory (qiào 誚, zhé 謫 ).
3. The censure may be primarily directed against a transgression (zhé 謫, guò 過, shù 數, zé 責 ); or it may be predominantly ad hominem (ràng 讓, qiào 誚, jiù 咎 ).
4. The censure may be impulsive and face-to-face (shǔ 數, ràng 讓, qiào 誚, zé 責 ); or it may be well-considered and normally not accompanied by a face-to-face confrontation (jiù 咎, guò 過, yóu 尤, zhé 謫 ).
- A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
16.78 - A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
21.32 - De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione
(
COMENIUS 1665)
p.
452 ACCUSARE aliqvem, malae rei causam illi tribuere.
- Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien
(
DOEDERLEIN 1840)
p.
BLAME
reprehendere refers to blame with a view to the amendment of a fault or a warning for the future.
vituperare "rebuke" refers to blame with the aim of calling forth acknowledgement of a fault, bett er judgment, shame and repentance.
- Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques
(
DUFOUR 1910)
p.
137? - Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques
(
DUFOUR 1910)
p.
17 - 韓非子同義詞研究
(
HANFEI TONGYI 2004)
p.
192 - Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum
(
LANGIUS 1631)
p.
OBJURGATIO
REPREHENSIO
VITUPERIUM
- Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik
(
SCHMIDT 1889)
p.
9 -
()
p.
467 - 跟我學同義詞
(
CAI SHAOWEI 2010)
p.
51 - SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse
(
GIRARD 1769)
p.
1.214.174 CORRIGER, REPRENDRE.REPRIMANDER
- Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung
(
FRANKE 1989)
p.
60B
Words
咎 jiù OC: ɡlɯwʔ MC: gɨu 27 AttributionsWD
The current general word for declaring someone morally rather than criminally responsible for a misdeed is jiù 咎 (ant. yù 譽 "praise").
- Word relations
- Contrast: 怪/BLAME
- Contrast: 責/BLAME
Zé 責 (ant. chēng 稱 "praise someone for something") often refers to the public apportioning of blame without the threat of legal action. [see ACCUSE] - Contrast: 非/CRITICISE
The current general term for criticism is fēi 非 (ant. shì 是 "approve of"). - Synon: 非/CRITICISE
The current general term for criticism is fēi 非 (ant. shì 是 "approve of").
- Syntactic words
- nabactmoral blame; recriminations
- vadNblameworthy
- vtoNberate, upbraid, raise serious moral criticism against, blame morally 國人皆咎公。
- vtoNpsychblame (oneself)
- vtoNreflexive.己blame oneselfCH
尤 yóu OC: ɢʷɯ MC: ɦɨu 24 AttributionsWD
Yóu 尤 often refers to official blame and censure, but there are archaic generalised uses of the word where it simply means "to apportion blame for something".
- Word relations
- Ant: 功/MERIT
The current general word for achievements of any kind is gōng 功. - Oppos: 悔/REGRET
The current general word for regret of one's actions is huǐ 悔, whereas the current general word for regretting past experience is hèn 恨. LH: 鳥與人異，謂之能悔。
- Syntactic words
- nabactblame, official reproach; supernatural disapproval
- vt+prep+Nto blame, to hold morally guilty
- vtoNberate, to blame, to hold morally guilty See also GUILT
罪 zuì OC: sbuulʔ MC: dzuo̝i 20 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabactthe blame for things that go wrong
- vt[oN]passivebe held resposible and charged with a crime forCH
- vtoNdeclarativedeclare guilty
- vtoNpsychblame (oneself) 自罪
- vtoNpsychblame (oneself) 罪己
- vtoNputativeregard as guilty, hold (a person) guilty
責 zé OC: skreeɡ MC: ʈʂɣɛk 19 AttributionsWD
Zé 責 (ant. chēng 稱 "praise someone for something") often refers to the public apportioning of blame without the threat of legal action. [see ACCUSE]
- Word relations
- Ant: 嘉/PRAISE
Jiā 嘉 (ant. sǔn 損 "make belittling remarks about") refers to commending someone for a certain action or for past behaviour. - Contrast: 咎/BLAME
The current general word for declaring someone morally rather than criminally responsible for a misdeed is jiù 咎 (ant. yù 譽 "praise").
- Syntactic words
- nabpassivebeing blamed> blame, moral disapproval; negative commentsCH
- vadNdisparaging
- vt(oN)make complaints against a contextually determinate person
- vt+prep+Npreposed objectblameCH
- vtoNdeclare responsible for misdeeds (without proposing legal action); blame, reproach
- vtoNpassivebe blamed
- vtoNpsychblame (oneself)
讓 ràng OC: njaŋs MC: ȵi̯ɐŋ 14 AttributionsWD
Ràng 讓 and qiào 誚 (ant. zàn 贊 "commend strongly, in public") refers to strong public blame and abuse, Cultural Revolution style.
- Word relations
- Ant: 嘉/PRAISE
Jiā 嘉 (ant. sǔn 損 "make belittling remarks about") refers to commending someone for a certain action or for past behaviour.
- Syntactic words
- nabactpublic reprimand, public moral accusation; public reproof
- vt(oN)arraign the contextually determinate N; make a public show of disapproval to N
- vt+prep+Nblame
- vtoNupbraid; reprove, criticise openly; reprimand publicly
- vtt(oN1.)+prep+N2complain about the contextually determinate matter N1 to N2
誚 qiào OC: dzewɡs MC: dziɛu
誚譙 Click here to add pinyin OC: MC: 10 AttributionsWD
Ràng 讓 and qiào 誚 (ant. zàn 贊 "commend strongly, in public") refers to strong public blame and abuse, Cultural Revolution style.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNblame publicly, reprimand; swear at
怨 yuàn 7 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt(oN.)+V怨曰 : blame the contextually determinate N, sayingLZ
- vtoNto blame N with resentmentLZ
數 shǔ OC: sqroʔ MC: ʂi̯o 6 AttributionsWD
Shǔ 數 refers to the recounting and publicly listing up of the misdeeds or mistakes someone has made.
- Syntactic words
- vt(oN)actbe judgmental, be censorious (of the contextually determinate N); be bent on recounting the faults of (the contextually determinate N)
- vtoNrecount the crimes or mistakes of; blame and attack face-to-face
怪 guài OC: kruuds MC: kɣɛi 4 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Contrast: 咎/BLAME
The current general word for declaring someone morally rather than criminally responsible for a misdeed is jiù 咎 (ant. yù 譽 "praise").
- Syntactic words
- vtoNto declare responsible for a misdeed; blame;
- vtt(oN1.)(+N2)omblame a contextually determinate N1 for for the contextually determinate N2
- vttoN.+V[0]blame N for V-ing
怨咎 yuàn jiù OC: qons ɡlɯwʔ MC: ʔi̯ɐn gɨu 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactresentful recrimination
謫 zhé OC: krleeɡ MC: ʈɣɛk 3 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Ant: 嘉/PRAISE
Jiā 嘉 (ant. sǔn 損 "make belittling remarks about") refers to commending someone for a certain action or for past behaviour.
- Syntactic words
- nabacta reproach, censure (very often written 適)
- vtoNupbraid, reprimand
愆 qiān OC: khran MC: khiɛn 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNpassivebe blamed
說 shuō OC: lʰod MC: ɕiɛt 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNblame
剋責 kè zé OC: khɯɯɡ skreeɡ MC: khək ʈʂɣɛk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNreflexive.自blame
受罪 shòu zuì OC: djuʔ sbuulʔ MC: dʑɨu dzuo̝i 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNpassivebe blamed
悔責 huǐ zé OC: hmɯɯʔ skreeɡ MC: huo̝i ʈʂɣɛk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNreflexive.自regret and blame (oneself)> repent [PERHAPS NOT REALLY A COMPOUND TO BE ANALYSED TOGETHER!]
訶責 hē zé OC: qhlaal skreeɡ MC: hɑ ʈʂɣɛk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNpassivebe blamed
誣咎 wū jiù OC: ma ɡlɯwʔ MC: mi̯o gɨu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNblame wrongly; blame fraudulently
患苦 huàn kǔ MC: hwaenH khuX OC: ɢroons khaaʔCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNblame for troubles and hardshipCH
反 fǎn MC: pjonX OC: panʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vttoN1. N2find fault (N1) with N2LZ
怒 nù OC: naas MC: nuo̝ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt(oN)SHI 211: be angry at a contextually determinate person and blame him for an improper act
斥 chì OC: khljaɡ MC: tɕhiɛk 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNblame rudely and publicly
督 dū OC: k-luuɡ MC: tuok 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNblame
諯 chuán OC: djon MC: dʑiɛn 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNto blame
Existing SW for
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