WAY 道路
LONG AND NARROW LEVEL PLACE ON which HUMANS GO TO PLACES OR TRAVEL TO DISTANT PLACES.
Old Chinese Criteria
2. The general word for an established way along which humans move conveniently in the landscape is lù 路, and this term covers all manner of large and wide roads as well as small paths of any kind. (For streets within cities see STREET)
3. Dào 道, when used in its concrete meaning referring to a means of communication tends to refer to a larger line of communication, and the traditional claim is that the term refers to a road where two vehicles can pass each other. Thus the First Emperor called his Autobahns chí dào 馳道 and not chí lù 馳路.
4. Jiē qú 街衢 refers to the highways of the land in a general way.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
COMM 1.
路，道路的總稱，多有口語色彩。
道，也是道路的總稱，帶有莊重、專指意味，書面語味道濃一些。
2. 塗，本指小的泥路，引申指指城中大路的分道。
行，用於上古，多指行軍、旅行用的大道。
術，南北朝前可作大路泛稱。
街，漢代起城中大路通稱，還可用於大路名。
衢，有分叉之路；漢代起指城鄉四通八達的大路。
Modern Chinese Criteria
道
道兒
道路
馬路
街道
街
胡同
胡同兒
林蔭路
林蔭道
人行道
便道
走道
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
- A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
10.71 - Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien
(
DOEDERLEIN 1840)
p.
ROUTE
iter refers to the progress which a person, for rational reasons, makes on a journey, and the word is occasionally used in an abstract sense referring to a person's progress in life.
meatus refers to the progress which a person makes on a journey without rational reason and will.
ROAD
via refers to the path on whihc a person goes, and the word is often used in a transferred sense referring to what a person has passed through in life.
trames refers to a by-road in a plain or in a town, by which one may arrive, partly in a shorter time, partly without being so much observed as in the open road.
semita refers to a foot-path, which often runs by the side of a main road.
callis refers to apath over a mountain or through a forest, which is scarcely passable except for cattle and determined travellers.
- 韓非子同義詞研究
(
HANFEI TONGYI 2004)
p.
63 - 論衡同義詞研究
(
LUNHENG TONGYI 2004)
p.
92 - “孟子”同義詞研究
(
MENGZI TONGYI 2002)
p.
265 - Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise
(
REY 2005)
p.
1.1463 - Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie
(
RITTER 1971-2007)
p.
12.341 WEG
- "Sachwoerterbuch zum Alten China"
(
UNGER SACH)
p.
STRASSEN
- 王力古漢語字典
(
WANG LI 2000)
p.
1443 道，路，途
1. WL overlooks the decisive difference that lu4 路 is commonly used for any line of communication by which one reaches from one point to another, whereas da4o 道, even when used as a concrete word, is a always a more dignified term, in clear opposition to a merely convenient ji4ng 徑. LAO plays on this when it says 大道甚夷而民好徑 "the great way (Way) is even, but the people love the small paths".
- 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci
(
WU SANXING 2008)
p.
325ff - Using Chinese Synonyms
(
GRACE ZHANG 2010)
p.
277 - Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary
(
TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996)
p.
397 - SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse
(
GIRARD 1769)
p.
1.352.318 ROUTE.VOIE.CHEMIN
- Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge
(
PILLON 1850)
p.
no.337 - Encyclopedia of Comparative Iconography
(
ROBERTS 1998)
p.
685 - Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung
(
FRANKE 1989)
p.
128a
Words
道 dào OC: ɡ-luuʔ MC: dɑu 70 AttributionsWD
Dào 道, when used in its concrete meaning referring to a means of communication tends to refer to a larger line of communication, and the traditional claim is that the term refers to a road where two vehicles can pass each other. Thus the First Emperor called his Autobahns chí dào 馳道 and not chí lù 馳路.
- Word relations
- Object: 借/BORROW
The general term for borrowing anything is jiè 借. - Object: 假/BORROW
Jiǎ 假 emphasises the termporary aspect of borrowing. - Object: 得/ACHIEVE
The current general word for successfully completed action on one's own behalf or in one's own interest is dé 得 "manage to" (ant. shī 失 "fail in, get wrong" and ant.* bù néng 不能 "not manage to"). [DIFFICULT], [SELFISH], [STANDARD]; [VERB] - Epithet: 遠/DISTANT
The clearly dominant term for distance in general is yuǎn 遠 (ant. jìn 近 "close"). - Contrast: 徑/PATH
Perhaps the most general term for a path is jìng 徑, but the word refers specifically to a shortcut, whereas the rarer xī 蹊 refers more generally to any path that has been trampled up, by humans or by animals. - Contrast: 德/VIRTUE
The current general term for salient features and principles of charismatic moral integrity and generosity is dé 德, when used as a term of ethical evalutation; but this word has many other philosophically important meanings. - Assoc: 路/WAY
The general word for an established way along which humans move conveniently in the landscape is lù 路, and this term covers all manner of large and wide roads as well as small paths of any kind. (For streets within cities see STREET) - Synon: 塗 / 涂 / 途/WAY
The general word for streets and roads is tú 塗／涂／途.
- Syntactic words
- n(traditionally: two-track) wide road suitable for carts; main thoroughfare
- nabdistanceway in the sense of distance covered, or stretch to be covered; route
- nabfigurativeright of passage, right of way
- nabmethodroute to be followedCH
- nadVfigurativeon the way, underway, mid-way
- nfigurativethe right way, one's way
- ngeneralway or path or road of any kindCH
- npost-Nthe way to N
- n{PLACE}adVon the roads; by the wayside; in the streets
- vtoNtake (literally) as one's thoroughfare/path
- vtoNfigurativetake as one's method of action
路 lù OC: ɡ-raaɡs MC: luo̝ 41 AttributionsWD
The general word for an established way along which humans move conveniently in the landscape is lù 路, and this term covers all manner of large and wide roads as well as small paths of any kind. (For streets within cities see STREET)
- Word relations
- Assoc: 道/WAY
Dào 道, when used in its concrete meaning referring to a means of communication tends to refer to a larger line of communication, and the traditional claim is that the term refers to a road where two vehicles can pass each other. Thus the First Emperor called his Autobahns chí dào 馳道 and not chí lù 馳路.
- Syntactic words
- nwide road suitable for carts (as means of communication)
- nabtravel route; lines of retreat or movement; line of communication to move through
- nabfigurativemoral path; the "road" 義路也，禮門也
- nabsocialpath towards promotion and successCH
- nadVplacein the streets, on the road; on the way
道路 dào lù OC: ɡ-luuʔ ɡ-raaɡs MC: dɑu luo̝ 37 AttributionsWD
"in the roads and paths"
- Syntactic words
- NPabfigurativepaths of actionCH
- NPadVin the streets and on the roads
- NPdefinite(in) the street
- NPnonreferentialthe roads, all kinds of roads
塗 tú OC: laa MC: duo̝
涂 tú OC: laa MC: duo̝
途 tú OC: laa MC: duo̝ 30 AttributionsWD
The general word for streets and roads is tú 塗／涂／途.
- Word relations
- Synon: 道/WAY
Dào 道, when used in its concrete meaning referring to a means of communication tends to refer to a larger line of communication, and the traditional claim is that the term refers to a road where two vehicles can pass each other. Thus the First Emperor called his Autobahns chí dào 馳道 and not chí lù 馳路.
- Syntactic words
- nmajor one-track mud-road suitable for carts; road
- nabfigurativeway, path; right of way
- nadVplacein the streets
軌 guǐ OC: kʷruʔ MC: ki 6 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabtrack; rut; axle-width [MOVE WRONG EXAMPLES TO PRINCIPLE]
堩 gèng OC: MC: kəŋ 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- npath; way; road
行 háng OC: ɢaaŋ MC: ɦɑŋ 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- npath; road
街衢 jiē qú OC: kree ɡʷa MC: kɣɛi gi̯o 3 AttributionsWD
Jiē qú 街衢 refers to the highways of the land in a general way.
- Syntactic words
- NPnonreferentialroadlinks; the highways
中路 zhōng lù OC: krluŋ ɡ-raaɡs MC: ʈuŋ luo̝ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPmid-way
- NPadVmid-way
中道 zhōng dào OC: krluŋ ɡ-luuʔ MC: ʈuŋ dɑu 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadVmidway, underway
- NPadVfigurative"mid-way"
馳道 chí dào OC: rlal ɡ-luuʔ MC: ɖiɛ dɑu 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPfast roads (of the First Emperor); ancient Autobahn
厄 è OC: qreeɡ MC: ʔɣɛk
厄阨隘 Click here to add pinyin OC: MC:
厄阨隘 Click here to add pinyin OC: MC: 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- nnatural narrow passage German: Engpass
術 shù OC: ɢljud MC: ʑʷit 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- nroad
徑術 jìng shù OC: keeŋs ɢljud MC: keŋ ʑʷit 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NP{N1&N2}nonreferentialroads and paths
王路 wáng lù OC: ɢʷaŋ ɡ-raaɡs MC: ɦi̯ɐŋ luo̝ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NProyal ways > major public roads
衢道 qú dào OC: ɡʷa ɡ-luuʔ MC: gi̯o dɑu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPcrossroads
陋巷 lòu xiàng OC: roos ɡrooŋs MC: lu ɦɣɔŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPshabby lane; undistinguished little street
徼 jiào OC: kleewɡs MC: keu 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nHANSHU: narrow road
歧 qí OC: ɡe MC: giɛ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nbifurcation
- nadNbifurcated (road)
公道 gōng dào OC: klooŋ ɡ-luuʔ MC: kuŋ dɑu 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPpublic road
巷路 xiàng lù OC: ɡrooŋs ɡ-raaɡs MC: ɦɣɔŋ luo̝ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPpluralgeneral: streets and roads
通路 tōng lù OC: kh-looŋ ɡ-raaɡs MC: thuŋ luo̝ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPmain road, main thoroughfare
遂 suì OC: sɢluds MC: zi 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- npassage, path
Existing SW for
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