REACH    達到

APPROACH so as to BECOME:come to be IN A CERTAIN PLACE.
ARRIVE ATGET TOCOME TOEND UP ATINFORMAL MAKE
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for reaching a place or even an abstract stage is jí 及. 2. Dào 到 is concrete and typically refers to reaching a point in space. 3. Bǐ jí 比及 refers to reaching a point in time. 4. Dài 逮 refers to catching up or reaching a certain desirable stage or level of achievement. See also CATCH UP.
Modern Chinese Criteria
到達 進抵 達 抵 至 到 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • ARRIVE　REACH a PLACE one was INTENDING to GO-TO. [NB: THE DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN ARRIVE AND REACH ARE NOT PROPERLY IMPLEMENTED IN THE ATTRIBUTIONS. CHECK THESE!] (anc: 14/0, child: 1)
  • CATCH UP　REACH AFTER PURSUING. (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
See also
  • OBTAINBEGIN to HAVE.
  • OBTAINBEGIN to HAVE.
  • ARRIVEREACH a PLACE one was INTENDING to GO-TO. [NB: THE DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN ARRIVE AND REACH ARE NOT PROPERLY IMPLEMENTED IN THE ATTRIBUTIONS. CHECK THESE!]
  • COMEARRIVE at the PLACE NEAR the SPEAKER OR NEAR to a HUMAN whom the SPEAKER is MAINLY THINKING of.
Hypernym
  • APPROACH　WALK so as to BECOME NEAR to something. (anc: 12/0, child: 1)
  • WALK　MOVE across the FLOOR>ground USING one's LEGS. (anc: 11/0, child: 16)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 10.55

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 116

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 315

    • Words (42 items)

    及  jí OC: ɡrɯb MC: gip 53 Attributions

    The current general word for reaching a place or even an abstract stage is jí 及.

      Word relations
    • Result: 逐/PURSUE The current general word for pursuing something or going after something in a hostile way, driving what is pursued before one, competing with it for speed, is zhú 逐 and the word can only very occasionally refer to abstract pursuits like that of wisdom, as in the venatio sapientiae of Nicolas Cusanus. It is significant that the word currently means "to expel", where expelling and chasing are not always easy to distinguish.
    • Ant: 過/EXCESSIVE Guò 過 often, but not always, focusses on the aspect of transgression in excessiveness.
    • Synon: 逮/REACH Dài 逮 refers to catching up or reaching a certain desirable stage or level of achievement. See also CATCH UP.

      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nreach out to, reach as far as
    • vt+V[0]go so far as to lead to V-ing
    • vt0oN.adSwhen it came to NCH
    • vt0oNfigurativeit comes to (oneself)
    • vt0oNN=timeit gets as far as (the time N in the future)
    • vtoNreach (of non-human agents); go as far as; apply to; happen to
    • vtoNget as far as, reach as far as; get to the place NCH
    • vtoNfigurativeextend to, reach; reach up to the level of; reach out to; reach as far back as to the time of
    • vtoNfigurativebe equalled, be caught up with
    至  zhì OC: kljiɡs MC: tɕi 48 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vpostadVresultativeresultative verb modifier, cf. modern 到DS
    • vt N1.postad N2figurativego as far as to the extent N1 of N2DS
    • vt(oN)reach as far as the contextually determinate object; get to the contextually determinate object
    • vt+prep+Ngo as far as; reach as far as (a place)
    • vt+prep+Nfigurativeget to the point of Nab-act-ing, reach the level of N
    • vt+V[0]figurativego as far as to V
    • vt0oN.adVwhen it comes to the time N
    • vt0oN.postadVtobject=placereach to > to (preposition. marking the resultative destination of a movement)
    • vt0oN1.postadVtoN2reaching until> as far as, to
    • vt[oN]reach one's aimCH
    • vtoNgo as far as; reach as far as; go all the way to; reach, get to
    • vtoN.+V[0]causative: cause N to reach the point of VCH
    • vtoNfigurativereach an abstract NCH
    逮  dài OC: ɡ-lɯɯds MC: dəi 20 Attributions

    Dài 逮 refers to catching up or reaching a certain desirable stage or level of achievement. See also CATCH UP.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 通/UNDERSTAND Tōng 通 (ant. hūn 昏 "be confused about") refers to comprehensive and thorough familiarity with a subject
    • Synon: 及/REACH The current general word for reaching a place or even an abstract stage is jí 及.
    • Synon: 至/HAPPEN

      Syntactic words
    • vireach far enough; be up to scratch
    • vt(oN)figurativeget as far as the contextually determinate point; affect
    • vt+prep+Nget to (a concrete place)
    • vt+prep+Nfigurativereach up to, reach the level of; become a match to
    • vtoNfigurativereach up to, get to the level of; match
    • vtoNfigurativebe lived up to, be reached; be matched
    • vtoNperfectivecatch up, overtake; come in time for
    • vtt(oN1.)+N2causativecause something determinate N1 to reach (somewhere N2)
    通  tōng OC: kh-looŋ MC: thuŋ 11 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabfigurativereaching one's aims, getting through with one's effortsCH
    • vadVin an unhindered wayCH
    • vt+prep+N1.postadVtoN2figurative自天子通於庶人 "from the king down to common people": up/down to in the complex expression "from N1 up/down to N2"LZ
    • vt+prep+Nfigurativereach up toCH
    • vtoNreach all the way to; lead directly to
    • vtoNreach acrossCH
    • vtoNcausativecause N to cut through so as to reach the aimCH
    • vtoNcausativemake N passable, unobstructedLZ
    • vtt(oN1.) prep N2cause the contextually determinate N1 to reach/connect with N2CH
    • vtt(oN1.) prep N2cause the contextually determinate N1 to reach/connect with N2CH
    通達  tōng dá OC: kh-looŋ daad MC: thuŋ dɑt 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]pluralaccomplished peopleCH
    • VPadNaccomplished, successfulCH
    • VPadNreachable by travelLZ
    • VPadNpotentialreachableLZ
    • VPipotentialbe reachable by travelLZ
    • VPtoNreach (up) to, attain to
    • VPtoNbe reachable by travelLZ
    於  yú OC: qa MC: ʔi̯ɤ 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt0oN.adSwhen it comes to N, when it came to the time N
    • vt0oNab{S}at the stage of S
    • vt[0]oN.postadVto, towards
    • vt[0]oN.postadVfigurative至於犬馬"when it comes to dogs and horses": (abstractly) towardsCH
    達  dá OC: daad MC: dɑt 7 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • vireach the intended aim; specifically: convey the intended meaningCH
    • vt prep Nreach out toCH
    • vtoNreach up to, get to
    施及  shī jí OC: lʰal ɡrɯb MC: ɕiɛ gip 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNfigurativeyì jí: reach upto> affect, reach so far as to affect
    • VPtoNresultativeyì jí: continue on so as to reach> reach until
    至於  zhì yú OC: kljiɡs qa MC: tɕi ʔi̯ɤ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+N.postadV(up/down) to N, as far as N
    • VPtoNab{S}get as far as Nab-ingLZ
    極  jí OC: ɡɯɡ MC: gɨk 5 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Object: 高/HIGH The manifestly dominant general word is gāo 高(ant. bēi 卑 "low" and xià 下 "low") which refers to concrete as well as abstract elevation.
    • Contrast: 竟/END

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)reach the contextually determinate point
    • vt+prep+Nreach as far as
    • vtoNreach as the ultimate destinationCH
    • vtoNpassivebe reached (of something high) 不可極
    致  zhì OC: k-liɡs MC: ʈi 4 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nfigurativereach the point of (N) 致乎哀
    • vtoNreach (a place, a time, or a standard/level)
    • vtoV[0]reach so as to VCH
    到  dào OC: k-laaws MC: tɑu 4 Attributions

    Dào 到 is concrete and typically refers to reaching a point in space.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNreach as far as (not by walking), lead to
    際  jì OC: skeds MC: tsiɛi 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nreach up to
    • vtoNreach up to; border to
    延及  yán jí MC: yen gip OC: lan ɡrɯb 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNreach all the way toCH
    窮  qióng MC: gjuwng  OC: ɡʷɯŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vigo all the way> be exhaustively adequate; be perfectCH
    • vtoNN=placereach all the way to (distant places etc)CH
    及至  jí zhì OC: ɡrɯb kljiɡs MC: gip tɕi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)reach or catch up with the contextually determinate N
    • VPtoNreach; catch up with
    得  dé OC: tɯɯɡ MC: tək 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNget to (a place); get into
    比及  bì jí OC: bis ɡrɯb MC: bi gip 2 Attributions

    Bì jí 比及 refers to reaching a point in time at which something happens.

      Syntactic words
    • VPt0oS1.adS2by the time one has reached (a point in time or a period in time)
    格  gé OC: kraaɡ MC: kɣɛk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nperfectivego to and reach; reach
    • vtoNmiddle voice, figurativebe reachedCH
    止  zhǐ MC: tsyiX OC: kljɯʔ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)reach as far as the contextually determinate object; get to the contextually determinate object CS
    若  ruò OC: njaɡ MC: ȵi̯ɐk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNfigurativereach in quality, catch up with
    優  yōu MC: 'juw OC: qu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt prep Nfigurativereach out to, cover all ofCH
    契  qì OC: khees MC: khei 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNreach???
    廓  kuò OC: khʷaaɡ MC: khɑk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbroaden> reach out beyond
    徹  chè OC: thed MC: ʈhiɛt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt[0]oN.postadVreaching right down to
    • vtoNreach right up to
    撫  fǔ MC: phjuX OC: mʰaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNderivedreach out to N intellectuallyCH
    濟  jì 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nget to, reach (a place)CH
    盡  jìn OC: dzinʔ MC: dzin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNfigurativereach all the way to
    稽  jī OC: kii MC: kei 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNreach up to
    綸  lún MC: lwin OC: ɡ-run 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNfigurativereach and cover intellectually> encompassCH
    足  zú OC: tsoɡ MC: tsi̯ok 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+Nbe as much as, amount to
    遂  suì OC: sɢluds MC: zi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)reach 何往而不遂 "Where does he set out for and does not arrive at"
    • vt+prep+Nreach out to
    云  yún OC: ɢun MC: ɦi̯un 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt0oNSHI: it comes to the time of N
    出  chū OC: khljud MC: tɕhʷit 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN.postadVuntil
    周  zhōu OC: tjɯw MC: tɕɨu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nreach everywhere
    孔  kǒng OC: khooŋʔ MC: khuŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNreaching, direct, connecting directly
    延  yán OC: lan MC: jiɛn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nreach to
    戾  lì OC: rɯɯds MC: lei 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNSHI: reach, attain to
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNreach all the way toCH
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNN=placereach all the way to (distant places etc)CH
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNderivedreach out to N intellectuallyCH
    洞  dòng OC: looŋs MC: duŋ 0 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNreach up to (unhindered)