ENCOUNTER    碰到嘗

CONTINGENTLY come to EXPERIENCE.
MEETMEET BY CHANCERUN INTOCOME ACROSS/UPONSTUMBLE ACROSS/ON/UPONCHANCE ON/UPONHAPPEN ON/UPONINFORMAL BUMP INTO
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for having once encountered, actively tried or experienced something is cháng 嘗 and this word often feels more like an adverbial particle than a verb of experience. 2. Yù 遇 refers to having been exposed to something (often something positive) by coincidence. 3. Féng 逢 seems to be a dialect word synonymous with yù 遇, a word which it came to replace at later stages of the language as the standard word. 4. Zāo 遭 refers to running into something (often something negative). 5. Fàn 犯 refers to a deliberate encounter and to the facing up to what is encountered with energy and vigour. 6. Lín 臨 refers to facing something with calm dignity and self-control.
Modern Chinese Criteria
碰到 遭受 蒙受 受到 遭遇 遭逢 遭 吃 被 罹 挨 負 中 蒙 遇 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • MEET　ENCOUNTER HUMANS, OFTEN VOLUNTARILY. (anc: 11/0, child: 2)
Hypernym
  • EXPERIENCE　PERCEPTION of certain SITUATIONS, OR of one's SELF>OWN ACTING CONFORMING to a METHOD in certain SITUATIONS. (anc: 9/0, child: 2)
  • PERCEIVE　BECOME AWARE of BECAUSE one INTERACTS WITH. (anc: 8/0, child: 7)
  • AWARE　ABLE to VOLUNTARILY:deliberately REACT to.  (anc: 7/0, child: 3)
  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 149

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1438

    逢，遇，遭，遘

    1. WL maintains that fe2ng 逢 refers to face to face contact: 迎面碰見.

    • Words (32 items)

    遇  yù OC: ŋos MC: ŋi̯o 34 Attributions

    Yù 遇 refers to having been exposed to something (often something positive) by coincidence.

      Word relations
    • Object: 害/DISASTER Hài 害 refers generally to harm, but in OBI the word standardly refers to harm done by supernatural powers or ancestors.
    • Assoc: 逢/ENCOUNTER Féng 逢 seems to be a dialect word synonymous with yù 遇, a word which it came to replace at later stages of the language as the standard word.
    • Assoc: 遭/ENCOUNTER Zāo 遭 refers to running into something (often something negative).
    • Synon: 觸/ENCOUNTER Chù 觸 is occasionally used to refer to someone bumping into someone else.
    • Synon: 逢/ENCOUNTER Féng 逢 seems to be a dialect word synonymous with yù 遇, a word which it came to replace at later stages of the language as the standard word.
    • Synon: 遭/ENCOUNTER Zāo 遭 refers to running into something (often something negative).

      Syntactic words
    • nabactbeing in the right place at the right time; meeting the right circumstances
    • vt(oN)to meet (a contextually defined person or event)
    • vtoNneutralrun intoCH
    • vtoNobject=positiverun into; meet by chance (desirable objects); come upon; come across
    • vtoNobject=undesirableencounter (a tiger, robber, time of chaos etc)
    及  jí OC: ɡrɯb MC: gip 27 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nmeet (difficulties)
    • vt[oN]middle voiceencounter adversities ZUO
    • vtoNcausativecause (onself) to encounter disaster
    • vtoNeventencounter (difficulties, adversities etc); incur (punishment)
    逢  féng OC: boŋ MC: bi̯oŋ 24 Attributions

    Féng 逢 seems to be a dialect word synonymous with yù 遇, a word which it came to replace at later stages of the language as the standard word.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 得/ENCOUNTER
    • Contrast: 觸/ENCOUNTER Chù 觸 is occasionally used to refer to someone bumping into someone else.
    • Assoc: 遇/ENCOUNTER Yù 遇 refers to having been exposed to something (often something positive) by coincidence.
    • Assoc: 遭/ENCOUNTER Zāo 遭 refers to running into something (often something negative).
    • Synon: 遇/ENCOUNTER Yù 遇 refers to having been exposed to something (often something positive) by coincidence.
    • Synon: 遭/ENCOUNTER Zāo 遭 refers to running into something (often something negative).

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNobject=negativeencounter (a storm etc)
    • vtoNobject=positivemeet (the right object); be exposed to (the right person, times, etc)
    • vtoNPab{S}encounter the situation S
    遭  zāo OC: tsuu MC: tsɑu 22 Attributions

    Zāo 遭 refers to running into something (often something negative).

      Word relations
    • Result: 受/RECEIVE The current general word is shòu 受 (ant. jù 拒 "refuse to accept"; ant.* yǔ 與 "give"), which can refer to any concrete or abstract form of receiving or being exposed to.
    • Contrast: 被/SUFFER Beì 被 tends to refer to exposure to undesirable effects from the outside.
    • Assoc: 逢/ENCOUNTER Féng 逢 seems to be a dialect word synonymous with yù 遇, a word which it came to replace at later stages of the language as the standard word.
    • Assoc: 遇/ENCOUNTER Yù 遇 refers to having been exposed to something (often something positive) by coincidence.
    • Synon: 觸/ENCOUNTER Chù 觸 is occasionally used to refer to someone bumping into someone else.
    • Synon: 逢/ENCOUNTER Féng 逢 seems to be a dialect word synonymous with yù 遇, a word which it came to replace at later stages of the language as the standard word.
    • Synon: 遇/ENCOUNTER Yù 遇 refers to having been exposed to something (often something positive) by coincidence.
    • Oppos: 行/ACT The current general word for any deliberate action one may be held morally and/or administratively responsible for is xíng 行 (ant. zhǐ 止 "decide not to take action"). The nominal entries have the old reading xìng. [COMMENDATORY!], [GENERAL], [HABITUAL], [RESPONSIBLE]

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNobject=negativerun into (negative objects); be faced with; get exposed to
    • vtoNobject=positiveencounter (something positive)
    • vtoNPab{S}encounter the situation that S
    • vtoSencounter (the situation that) SCH
    值  zhí OC: dɯɡs MC: ɖɨ 12 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)figurativerun into the contextually determinate N
    • vt+prep+Nencounter
    • vtoNpost-Han: meet, come across
    • vtoSencounter the situation in S
    臨  lín OC: b-rɯm MC: lim 6 Attributions

    Lín 臨 refers to facing something with calm dignity and self-control.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmeet, be exposed to
    見  jiàn OC: keens MC: ken 6 Attributions

    The most current general marker of the passive is jiàn 見 which means literally "be exposed to, face".

      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nbe exposed to NCH
    • vtoNbe faced with; encounter; incurCH
    觸  chù OC: thjoɡ MC: tɕhi̯ok 5 Attributions

    Chù 觸 is occasionally used to refer to someone bumping into someone else.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 避 / 辟/AVOID Bì 避 (ant. mào 冒"expose oneself to"), unlike miǎn 免, is always deliberate and describes a strategy of action which successfully avoids an undesirable impending danger. [DELIBERATE]
    • Ant: 避 / 辟/AVOID Bì 避 (ant. mào 冒"expose oneself to"), unlike miǎn 免, is always deliberate and describes a strategy of action which successfully avoids an undesirable impending danger. [DELIBERATE]
    • Contrast: 被/SUFFER Beì 被 tends to refer to exposure to undesirable effects from the outside.
    • Contrast: 被/SUFFER Beì 被 tends to refer to exposure to undesirable effects from the outside.
    • Contrast: 逢/ENCOUNTER Féng 逢 seems to be a dialect word synonymous with yù 遇, a word which it came to replace at later stages of the language as the standard word.
    • Synon: 遇/ENCOUNTER Yù 遇 refers to having been exposed to something (often something positive) by coincidence.
    • Synon: 遭/ENCOUNTER Zāo 遭 refers to running into something (often something negative).

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNhappen to run into
    • vtoNfigurativeencounter (> be perceived by); meet
    遭逢  zāo féng OC: tsuu boŋ MC: tsɑu bi̯oŋ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabhappenstance; coincidence
    • VPtoNencounter in some way or other
    得  dé OC: tɯɯɡ MC: tək 5 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 受/SUFFER The most general word referring to a person's being exposed to something is probably shòu 受 (ant. shī 施 "have an effect on, act upon"), which can take both desirable and non-desirable objects.
    • Contrast: 見/ENCOUNTER The most current general marker of the passive is jiàn 見 which means literally "be exposed to, face".
    • Contrast: 逢/ENCOUNTER Féng 逢 seems to be a dialect word synonymous with yù 遇, a word which it came to replace at later stages of the language as the standard word.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbe exposed to (a treatment or an experience)
    遭遇  zāo yù OC: tsuu ŋos MC: tsɑu ŋi̯o 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)encounter the contextually determinate N
    • VPtoNencounter in any way
    著  zhuó OC: k-laɡ MC: ʈi̯ɐk 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNencounter, run into
    逢著  féng zhuó OC: boŋ k-laɡ MC: bi̯oŋ ʈi̯ɐk 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)meet, encounter (with deleted object)
    • VPtoNmeet, encounter
    逢遭  féng zāo OC: boŋ tsuu MC: bi̯oŋ tsɑu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPirun into things in various ways
    • VPtoNeventrun into in various ways (disasters etc)
    離  lí OC: b-rel MC: liɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNrun into, meet with( See also: SUFFER)
    就  jiù MC: dzjuwH OC: dzuɡs 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbump into, run into; be faced withCH
    歷  lì 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNencounter (in passing)CH
    遇見  yù jiàn OC: ŋos keens MC: ŋi̯o ken 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNhappen to meet, encounter by chance
    逢遇  féng yù OC: boŋ ŋos MC: bi̯oŋ ŋi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NP[adN]N=objwhat one encounters
    遭觸  zāo chù OC: tsuu thjoɡ MC: tsɑu tɕhi̯ok 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPihave an encounter
    適  shì OC: qljeɡ MC: ɕiɛk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNencounter, run into
    值遇  zhí yù OC: dɯɡs ŋos MC: ɖɨ ŋi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNcome upon, encounter (in any way??)
    遭值  zāo zhí OC: tsuu dɯɡs MC: tsɑu ɖɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNencounter
    嘗  cháng OC: djaŋ MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ
    嘗甞  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 1 Attribution

    The current general word for having once encountered, actively tried or experienced something is cháng 嘗 and this word often feels more like an adverbial particle than a verb of experience.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNTASTE> to experience, to go through
    獲  huò MC: hweak OC: ɢʷreeɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbe exposed toCH
    知  zhī OC: te MC: ʈiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNKNOW THE TASTE OF> eat, indulge in the eating of
    遘  gòu OC: koos MC: ku 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)meet with, get to meet the contextually determined object
    • vtoNmeet with, get to meet; run into
    値  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmeet (ZHUANG) Œ� ???
    姤  gòu OC: koos MC: ku 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmeet (YI)
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbe exposed toCH
    犯  fàn OC: bomʔ MC: bi̯ɐm 0 Attributions

    Fàn 犯 refers to a deliberate encounter and to the facing up to what is encountered with energy and vigour.

      Syntactic words
    經  jīng OC: keeŋ MC: keŋ 0 Attributions

    NB: Jīng 經 "go through and experience" is post-Han.

      Syntactic words