SONG    歌歌

POEM SUNG CONFORMING to a MELODY.
AIRSTRAINDITTYMELODYTUNENUMBERTRACKANTHEMHYMNCHANTYCHANTEYBALLADARIA
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for a song with or without accompanying music of any kind is gē 歌. 2. Shī 詩 refers to a regularly rhymed song with a generally regular number of syllables per line. 3. Fēng 風 refers to a folk song with a given melody. 4. Fù 賦 refers originally to any narrative or descriptive song in early texts but came to refer to the genre of rhyme prose. 5. Yáo 謠 refers to a folksong, mostly in ancient texts to a children's ditty, with a more or less fixed melody, but the focus seems to be on the text and there is no accompanying music involved. 6. O!u 謳 is a dialect word (state of Qi) referring to popular work-songs with a more or less fixed melody. 7. Yín 吟 is occasionally used, from late Han and Three Kingdoms times onwards, as a noun and refers to a popular song.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 ART 3. 歌，有樂器伴奏的歌唱。 謠，無樂器伴奏的清唱。 詠，長聲吟唱。 謳，齊聲歌唱。 倡，領唱。
Modern Chinese Criteria
歌 民歌 民謠 歌謠 風 風謠 俚歌 兒歌 童謠 絕唱 "peak of poetic perfection" rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Antonym
  • PROSELITERARY GENRE that is not a POEM.
See also
  • SINGSPEAK CONFORMING to a MELODY.
Hypernym
  • POEM　DOCUMENT WRITTEN IN SHORT LINES, TYPICALLY of REGULAR RHYTHM AND HAVING RHYME. (anc: 6/0, child: 2)
  • DOCUMENT　ARTEFACT PRODUCED FOR CONTAINING WRITING. (anc: 5/0, child: 15)
  • ARTEFACT　THING PRODUCED by MAN. (anc: 4/0, child: 26)
  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    SING

    canere is to make vocal or instrumental music.

    cantare is to make vocal music.

    psallere is to play string music, typically by plucking strings.

    SONG

    canticum is a song that is still in vogue.

    cantilena is a song that used to be very popular but has lost the attractiveness of current vogue.

    carmen is a natural song which is famous mostly for its words, may even be a poem that can only occasionally be sung.

    poema is an ambitious poem which can be sung, but does not have to be.

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 24

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    CARMINA

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 18

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 234

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Rhetorik ( UEDING 1992ff) p. 5.259

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p.

    謳，謠，歌

    1. WL claims that o1u 謳 and ya2o 謠 refer to local folksongs when used as nouns. But ya2o 謠 is predominantly used for children's ditties, to2ng ya2o 童謠 in pre-Buddhist times, whereas o1u 謳 is never used to refer to any such thing and refers regularly to popular work-songs as used, for example, by builders or men who milk cows, and it would appear that such songs could also be about emperors and kings.

  • Ästhetische Grundbegriffe ( BARCK 2010) p. 5.87

    • Words (34 items)

    詩  shī OC: qhljɯ MC: ɕɨ 69 Attributions

    Shī 詩 refers to a regularly rhymed song with a generally regular number of syllables per line.

      Word relations
    • Object: 學/STUDY The dominant word is xué 學 (ant. jiào 教 "train teach")which refers primarily to studying or training under another person, and secondarily to the learning by heart texts. Very often, the word retains a tinge of immitation.
    • Contrast: 書/DOCUMENT The dominant general word for everything written is shū 書. (However, note that the word also refers specifically to a letter.)

      Syntactic words
    • nsong (note that one 歌s these songs)
    • nprpluralthe canonical Songs, particularly those collected in what is known later as Shijing
    • nprtextthe Book of Songs
    聲  shēng OC: qjeŋ MC: ɕiɛŋ 18 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nsong, pop song; folk song; tune
    歌  gē OC: klaal MC: kɑ 14 Attributions

    The current general word for a song with or without accompanying music of any kind is gē 歌.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 謠/SONG Yáo 謠 refers to a folksong, mostly in ancient texts to a children's ditty, with a more or less fixed melody, but the focus seems to be on the text and there is no accompanying music involved.

      Syntactic words
    • nobjectsong; popular song (also that of primitive peoples etc) 
    謠  yáo OC: k-lew MC: jiɛu 9 Attributions

    Yáo 謠 refers to a folksong, mostly in ancient texts to a children's ditty, with a more or less fixed melody, but the focus seems to be on the text and there is no accompanying music involved.

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 童/BOY Tóng 童 by itself is an archaic word referring to a boy, but the term enters freely into non-archaic binomes.
    • Assoc: 歌/SONG The current general word for a song with or without accompanying music of any kind is gē 歌.

      Syntactic words
    • nsong; ditty 童謠
    頌  sòng OC: sɢloŋs MC: zi̯oŋ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nBuddhist rhythmic chant; song
    • nprthe sòng "Praise" part of the Book of Songs
    童謠  tóng yáo OC: dooŋ k-lew MC: duŋ jiɛu 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPchildren's ditty
    章  zhāng OC: kjaŋ MC: tɕi̯ɐŋ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nstanza
    賦  fù OC: pas MC: pi̯o 3 Attributions

    Fù 賦 refers originally to any narrative or descriptive song in early texts but came to refer to the genre of rhyme prose.

      Syntactic words
    • nrhyme prose; poetic exposition
    吟  yín OC: ŋɡrɯm MC: ŋim 3 Attributions

    Yín 吟 is occasionally used, from late Han and Three Kingdoms times onwards, as a noun and refers to a popular song.

      Syntactic words
    • nabtextsong 白頭吟
    • viactsing songs 吳吟 "sing in the Wú style"
    曲  qǔ MC: -- OC: -- 3 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 歌/SING The current general word for singing a song is gē 歌.

      Syntactic words
    • nsong, tune
    誦  sòng OC: sɢloŋs MC: zi̯oŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nsong; poem
    音  yīn MC: 'im OC: qrɯm 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nsong as part of musical performanceCH
    風  fēng OC: plum MC: puŋ 2 Attributions

    Fēng 風 refers to a folk song with a given melody.

      Syntactic words
    • nair, song
    • nprtext"Airs", a part of the Book of SongsLZ
    謳  ōu OC: qoo MC: ʔu 1 Attribution

    Ōu 謳 is a dialect word (state of Qi) referring to popular work-songs with a more or less fixed melody.

      Syntactic words
    • nsong
    雅  yǎ OC: ŋɡraaʔ MC: ŋɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nprThe Ya-style of poetry in the Book of Songs
    賦頌  fù sòng OC: pas sɢloŋs MC: pi̯o zi̯oŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialsongs of all kinds
    小雅  xiǎo yǎ MC: sjewX ngaeX OC: smewʔ ŋɡraaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPprtext"Lesser Odes", a part of the Book of SongsLZ
    法頌  fǎ sòng OC: pab sɢloŋs MC: pi̯ɐp zi̯oŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabtextBuddhist ode
    興詠  xīng yǒng MC: xing hjwaengH OC: qhɯŋ ɢʷaŋs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPsongVK
    成  chéng OC: djeŋ MC: dʑiɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nstanza, complete part; full round of a tune
    九歌  jiǔ gē OC: kuʔ klaal MC: kɨu kɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPNine Songs in praise of water, fire, metal, woodearth and grain (the 六府）and the three political tasks
    行  xíng OC: ɢraaŋ MC: ɦɣaŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nsong
    歌謠  gē yáo OC: klaal k-lew MC: kɑ jiɛu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralfolksongs
    調  diào OC: dɯɯws MC: deu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • ntune, air
    辭  cí OC: zɯ MC: zɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabtexttext to a tune; text of a song
    山歌  shān gē OC: sreen klaal MC: ʂɣɛn kɑ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpopular erotic lyric
    樂府  yuè fǔ OC: ŋɡraawɡ poʔ MC: ŋɣɔk pi̯o 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nHAN: folk song
    商歌  shāng gē OC: qhjaŋ klaal MC: ɕi̯ɐŋ kɑ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    亂  luàn OC: ɡ-roons MC: lʷɑn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nlast stanza in a rhyme prose poem 賦
    嘆  tàn OC: mqhlaans MC: thɑn
    嘆  tān OC: mqhlaan MC: thɑn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabactplaintive song
    弄  nòng OC: ɡ-rooŋs MC: luŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabactsong
    引  yǐn OC: liŋʔ MC: jin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabactlong song
    律  lǜ OC: b-rud MC: lʷin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nregular poetry
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nsong as part of musical performanceCH