BONE  骨頭

INTENSELY HARD BODY TISSUE.
Antonym
  • FLESHMUSCLES AND SINEWS of a ANIMAL OR HUMAN.
    Hypernym
    • BODY TISSUEIMPORTANT NOT LIQUID SUBSTANCES IN THE BODY.
      • SUBSTANCETHING NOT SEPARATED into SEPARATE PARTS.
        • THINGCONCRETE OBJECT.
          • OBJECT[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to....
    Hyponym
    • SPINE　SEQUENCE OF BONES FROM NECK TO ABDOMEN AND THE BODY PART SURROUNDING IT.
      • RIB　BIG BONES at FRONT of CHEST.
        • FISH BONE　BONE in FISH.
          Old Chinese Criteria
          1. By far the most general and current word for all kinds of bones is gǔ 骨.

          [GENERAL]; [[CURRENT+]]

          2. Hái 骸 refers to the set of bones that constutute the skeleton in a living or dead person, and the word is often used collectively to refer by synecdoche either to the living or to the dead body.

          [COLLECTIVE]

          3. Gé 骼 refer to the set of bones that constitute the skeleton.

          [ARCHAIC], [COLLECTIVE], [GENERAL] [TECHNICAL-TERM]; [[RARE]]

          3. Gàn 幹 refers to the backbone or to the ribs as the bones which hold up the shape of the chest.

          [SPECIFIC], [TECHNICAL-TERM]

          4. Xié 脅 refers specifically to the ribs. See RIB

          [SPECIFIC]; [[CURRENT]]

          黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
          HUANG JINGUI 2006

          BODY 28.

          骨，一切骨頭的通稱。

          骼，死人和死動物沒有殘肉的骨頭。

          骴，死人和死動物留有殘肉的骨頭。

          骸，多用於死人的骨頭。

          Modern Chinese Criteria
          骨

          骨頭

          first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH

          • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 4.16

          • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 4.162

          • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 6

            KNOCHENGERUEST, KNOCHEN

          • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 3.1223

          • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

          Words

          骸  hái OC: ɡrɯɯ MC: ɦɣɛi 17 AttributionsWD

          Hái 骸 refers to the set of bones that constutute the skeleton in a living or dead person, and the word is often used collectively to refer by synecdoche either to the living or to the dead body. [COLLECTIVE]

            Word relations
          • Assoc: 骨/BONE By far the most general and current word for all kinds of bones is gǔ 骨. [GENERAL]; [[CURRENT+]]
          • Assoc: 形/SHAPE The most current general word describing the physical shape of something is xíng 形.

            Syntactic words
          • nccpluralhuman bones in the living body or as part of a skeleton
          骨  gǔ OC: kuud MC: kuot 15 AttributionsWD

          By far the most general and current word for all kinds of bones is gǔ 骨. [GENERAL]; [[CURRENT+]]

            Word relations
          • Assoc: 筋/SINEW
          • Assoc: 肌/FLESH
          • Assoc: 角/HORN The current general term refering to a horn is jiǎo 角.
          • Assoc: 骸/BONE Hái 骸 refers to the set of bones that constutute the skeleton in a living or dead person, and the word is often used collectively to refer by synecdoche either to the living or to the dead body. [COLLECTIVE]
          • Assoc: 肉/MEAT The current general word for meat as something edible is ròu 肉.
          • Oppos: 志/ASPIRATION The general term for an aspiration is zhì 志 and verbally zhì yú 志於 "aspire to", and this term always refers to life-long highest aim. [GENERAL]; [[COMMON]]

            Syntactic words
          • nbone, typically of a dead human or animal; but also, occasionally in a living creature
          • n(post-N)the bones of a contextually determinate personCH
          • n[post-N]bones of humans
          • npost-NN's bonesDS
          • nreflexiveone's own bones
          骸骨  hái gǔ OC: ɡrɯɯ kuud MC: ɦɣɛi kuot 3 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • npluralbones of all kinds
          幹  gàn OC: kaans MC: kɑn 2 AttributionsWD

          Gàn 幹 refers to the backbone or to the ribs as the bones which hold up the shape of the chest. [SPECIFIC], [TECHNICAL-TERM]

            Syntactic words
          • nbones; backbone
          胔  zì OC: dzes MC: dziɛ
          髊  zì OC: sɡals MC: dziɛ 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • nbones with flesh on them
          骼  gé OC: kraaɡ MC: kɣɛk 2 AttributionsWD

          Hái 骸 and the rarer as well as more technical gé 骼refer to the set of bones that constitute the skeleton.

            Syntactic words
          • ndried bones, skeleton
          髓  suǐ OC: sqlolʔ MC: siɛ 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • nmarrow of the bone
          脅  xié OC: qhlob MC: hi̯ɐp 1 AttributionWD

          Xié 脅 refers specifically to the ribs. xxx

            Syntactic words
          • nribs
          • npost-NN's ribsDS
          骨髓  gǔ suǐ OC: kuud sqlolʔ MC: kuot siɛ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPmarrow of the bones; bones and marrow
          骹  qiāo OC: khreew MC: khɣɛu 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • ntibia

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