Taxonomy of meanings for 敢:　　

  • gǎn (OC: klaamʔ MC: kɑm) 古覽切 上 廣韻：【勇也犯也説文作𠭖進取也古覽切七 】
  • DARE
    • viactshow courage
    • vt[0]+V[0]may I V?, may I presume to V? Would I presume to? I venture to
    • vt+prep+Nstativehave courage with respect to N
    • vt+V[0]have the temerity to; presume; venture to, have the audacity to (do something in front of a superior); make bold to; take the liberty of V-ing
    • vt(+V[0]）venture to/make bold to do the contextually definite thing
    • vt+V[0]rhetorical questionhow could you/I/one venture to V?
    • vt+V[0][.postnpro1{SUBJ}]expected answer: no!would I dare? (No!)
    • vt[0]+V[0]expected answer: no!would one dare? [No!]
    • feature> COURAGE
      • nabdispositioncivil courage, determination and conviction
      • nabpsychcourage
      • vt+V[0]have the courage to V
      • vt(oV[0])dare to do the contextually determinate act VCH
    • and thus capable> ABLE
      • vt+V(0)be in a state to, can bear to
      • vt+V(0)rhetorical question

    Additional information about 敢

    說文解字:

      Criteria
    • COURAGE

      1. The standard general word for courage is yǒng 勇 (ant. nuò 懦 "pusillanimousness, chicken-liveredness"), which refers to positive boldness evinced in the face of danger or risk. Cf. fortitudo

      2. Hàn 悍 (ant. qiè 怯 "fearfulness") is foolhardiness and recklessness under conditions of danger or risk. Cf. Latin ferocia

      3. Gǎn 敢 (ant. qiè 怯 "fearfulness") is the ability of an individual to take considered reasonable risks where appropriate or where required by ritual propriety.

      4. Guǒ 果 and duàn 斷 (ant. xū1 需 "hestant") is general resoluteness as an attitude towards the conduct of one's affairs. Cf. Latin audacia

      5. Zhì 志 "morale, fighting spirit" and the rarer wǔ 武 is the courageous warlike attitude of a whole group. Cf. Latin acrimonia, animus

      6. Qì 氣 "morale, fighting spirit" is typically the morale of an individual but can also occasionally be used of groups. Cf. Latin spiritus

      Word relations
    • Assoc: (COURAGE)果/COURAGE Guǒ 果 and duàn 斷 (ant. xū1 需 "hestant") is general resoluteness as an attitude towards the conduct of one's affairs. Cf. Latin audacia