Taxonomy of meanings for 饗:
- 饗 xiǎng (OC: qhaŋʔ MC: hiɐŋ) 許兩切 上 廣韻：【歆饗 】
- EAT
- vt[oN]eat a good meal
- vtoNfeast on; eat with enjoyment
- FEAST
- viactOBI 4: preside over and ritually lead a ritual entertainment; hold an entertainment
- vtoNcausativeOBI 3: SHI 175: regale (especially the spirits with sacrificial food, also honoured guests), provide a large-scale feast for; invite to an elaborate feast See 享
- vtoNpassivebe entertained to a ritual reception/feast
- nabactfeast
- FEED
- vtoNoffer food in a ceremonious way to someone; entertain to a banquet[IS THAT THE RIGHT SYN. GROUP SINCE THE WORD USUALLY USUALLY REFERS TO 'ENTERTAIN'; MAYBE IT SHOULD BE MOVED TO 'FEAST'][CA]
- vtoNobject=foodfeed (drink or food)
- vttoN1.+N2N1=recipientoffer N2 to N1DS
- GOVERN
- vtoNactenjoy (the benefits of ruling a state), enjoy the position of a ruler of
- SACRIFICE
- vtoNmake (large-scale) offerings of wine to (the gods in order to seek their blessings)
- nabactsacrificial offering
- vt+prep+Nmake a ritual sacrifical offering to, in the form of a feast
- viactpresent offerings
- vt(oN)present religious pious offering to (a contextually determinate ruler)CH
- vttoN1.+N2sacrificially offer N1 to N2CH
- = 享
- = 響
- EAT
Additional information about 饗
說文解字: 【饗】，鄕人飲酒也。从食、从鄕， 〔小徐本作「從鄕、從食」。〕 鄕亦聲。 【許兩切】
- Criteria
- FEED
1. The current general word is sì 食 / 飼 which refers to any action of feeding, and the action of given someone something to drink is yìn 飲.
2. Yù 飫 is to provide abundant food or even to regale guests.
3. Xiǎng 享 / 饗 is typically to offer food for the enjoyment and appreciation of the spirits, and very often also for guests. See FEAST.
4. Xiǎng 餉 is to serve someone a good meal for enjoyment, as a ritual sign of respect.
5. Cān 餐 is to treat someone to a regular meal, hú 餬 is sometimes used to feed others with a very simple meal.
6. Shàn 膳 refers to serving an excellent meal to somebody.
7. Huàn 豢 is specifically to feed grain to pigs.
8. Mò 秣 is specifically to feed horses with grain.
9. Bǔ 哺 is specifically to feed babies.
10. Tuī 摧 refers to giving fodder to animals.
11. Yè 饁 is to carry food out for informal consumption by people working in the open air.
12. Wèi 喂 / 餵 refers to feeding animals.
- SACRIFICE
1. The most general word for making sacrificial offerings of wine and food to spirits of Heaven, of Earth and to the ancestors (perhaps primarily to the spirits of Earth and of the ancestors) is jì 祭 which has become the most common word in Warring States times, replacing sì 祀, which was more common in SHU and SHI.
2. Sì4 祀 is an archaic word which refers to the making of sacrificial offerings of wine and food to the spirits of Heaven, of Earth and to the ancestors, perhaps primarily and originally to the spirits of Heaven.
3. Xiǎng 饗／享 refers to making sacrificial offerings in the form of food to one's ancestors.
4. Diàn 奠 refers specifically to making formal sacrifices to the deceased not too long after his death.
5. Là 臘 refers specifically to the winter sacrifice to Heaven and Earth.
6. Fēng 封 refers to an imperial sacrifice to the spirits of Heaven at mount Taishan, where an altar had to be established for the occasion.
7. Shàn 禪 refers specifically to the imperial sacrifice to the spirits of the Earth at the foot of mount Taishan,.
8. Wàng 望 refers to sacrifices to the spirits of mountains and streams.
9. Yì 瘞 refers to placing something (typically jade, or domestic animals) in the ground as part of or as a form of sacrifice to a deceased person.
10. Lèi 酹 refers to the pouring of libations of wine on the ground.
- FEAST
1. The current general term for a feast is yàn 宴 / 燕.
2. Jiǔ 酒 and yǐn 飲 both refer to a drinking party where alcohol is served.
3. Xiǎng 餉 / 饗 / 饟 refers to an elaborate festive repast.
NB: Yán 筵 and xí 席 are post-Han words for a feast.