Taxonomy of meanings for 檻:　　

  • 檻 xiàn (OC: ɡraams MC: ɦɯam) 胡懺切 去 廣韻：【 】
  • 檻 jiàn (OC: ɡraamʔ MC: ɦɯam) 胡黤切 上 廣韻：【闌也説文曰攏也一曰圈胡黤切十 】
    • FENCE
      • nhorizontal plank in a balustrade or fence; railings
      • nadNlatticed, provided with latticed fences on all sides
    • ONOMATOPOETICA
      • vi.redsound of carts moving along road
    • PRISON VEHICLE
      • nprisoner carriage
      • nequipped as a vehicle for transport of prisoners 檻車 "latticed prisoner's vehicle"
      • vtoNconfine in a prisoner's carriage, put into a prisoner's carriage LSCQ 檻之 "put him into a prisoner's carriage"
    • STABLE
      • npen; shed for wild beasts or for domestic animals; fenced enclosure
    • THRESHOLD
      • CAGE
        • ARREST
          • SHIP
            • RACK
              • = 濫

              Additional information about 檻

              說文解字: 【檻】，櫳也。从木、監聲。一曰：圈。 【胡黯切】

                Criteria
              • STABLE

                1. Láo 牢 is perhaps the most general term for a stable for any animals, but it appears that the term specifically referred to pens without roofs. [The word occurs already in oracle bone inscriptions where it most probably refers to the oxen or sheep raised in pens and then used for sacrifices. The character shows a cow or a sheep within rectangular pen or stable with narrow exit which is similar in shape to the stable known from Han models. [WANG 1993: 195; SUN 1991: 212; JGJWZD 1993: 60 - 61; ill.: SUN 1991: 53-2]

                2. Juàn 圈 is a stable for animals, especially sheep and dogs. [(WANG 1993: 195). Dog and sheep stables known from Han models are usually very small: SUN 1991: 212 - 214; ill.: SUN 1991: 53-3, 53-6; HAYASHI 1976: pp. 63, tab. 4-17]

                3. Jiù 廄 is the current term for horse stables. [(WANG 1993: 195). Horses were usually under central control, and from Han times there are official seals with titles such us director of horse stables etc.. [SUN 1991: 212 - 214; ill.: SUN 1991: 53-9]

                4. Zào 皂 is occasionally used for horse or cattle stables.

                5. Lì 櫪 is a current word for horse stables. The word usually refers to the horse trough, but by extension also to the stable.

                6. Hùn 溷／圂 is a pigsty. The pigsty was in Han times at the same time used as a toilet. [WANG 1993: 195; SUN 1991: 212; ill.: SUN 1991: 53-4; HAYASHI 1976: pp. 63, tab. 4-16]

                7. Jiàn 檻 is a pen used to keep wild animals in captivity.

                8. Shí 塒 refers to a chicken pen, and the word occurs already in SHIJING. This is known from one Han model which shows the wall with four holes, with one chicken or duck whithin each. [SUN 1991: 215; XIANG 1997: 573]

                9. Xián 閑 is another word for horse stable. [HANYU DACIDIAN 1992: vol. 12: pp. 69]

                Jié 桀 refers to the wooden STAKE for chicken; the word is known already from SHJING: SUN 1991: 215; XIANG 1997: 305; SUN 1991: 53-8; HAYASHI 1976: pp. 63, tab. 4-22]

              • PRISON VEHICLE

                1. The current general word for a prison cart is qiú chē 囚車.

                2. Jiàn 轞 / 檻 is the rare but specific word to use.

                3. Xiá 柙 refers to the cage in which the prisoner was placed for transport, the cage being placed, in turn, on a cart.

              • FENCE

                1. The common general term for a fence made either of wood, bamboo or ametal is zhà 柵.

                2. Lán 闌 / 欄 refers to a fence for raising domestic animals. During the northern and southern dynasties it came to be used as a general word for a fence, but with a strong colloquial taste.

                3. Jiàn 檻 refers to a fence for raising large and dangerous animals. It was an original general term for a fence.