Taxonomy of meanings for 栗:　　

  • 栗 lì (OC: b-riɡ MC: lit) 力質切 入 廣韻：【堅也又果木也漢書曰燕秦千樹栗其人與千戸侯等又姓漢長安富室有栗氏力質切十九 】
    • COLD
      • viK: bitterly cold??
    • FEAR
      • vifear; tremble with fear
      • vtoNstativefear
    • FRUIT
      • nchestnuts; chestnut
    • RESPECT
      • virespectful (K) ????
    • TREE, KINDS
    • TREMBLE
      • viprocesstremble
    • HARD
      • RIPE
        • REGIONS
          • SURNAMES
          • 栗 lì (OC: riɡ MC: lit) 力質切 入 廣韻：【同栗説文作此 】
          • lìSTERN
            • vibe stern and seriousCH
          • lìTREE, KINDS
            • nchestnut tree; chestnut

          Additional information about 栗

          說文解字:

            Criteria
          • FEAR

            1. The most general word for any kind of passing fear is probably jù 懼 and this word naturally links with yōu 憂 "worry", and this word refers to a momentary historical moment where that fear manifested itself ( 文王乃懼 "then King Wén got scared"). Jù sǐ 懼死 is momentary fear for one's life, whereas wèi sǐ 畏死 refers to a general state where one is too frightened to sacrifice one's life.

            2. Kǒng 恐 refers primarily to intense or overwhelming possibly passing state of fear, and the word differs from jù 懼 mainly in degree of intensity and in the managability of the danger faced.

            3. Wèi 畏 is typically a stable state of reasoned fear, typically relating those who are in authority (the etymologically related wēi 威 on which relation there is much word-play in texts like ZUO), or ghosts etc, but the word also has extended generalised uses, as in wèi sǐ 畏死 "be afraid to die".

            4. Jīng 驚 refers to the sudden onset of fear when someone is faced with an unexpected danger.

            5. Lì 栗 / 慄 and zhàn 戰 is to shiver with intense fear, and the physical expression of fear can be more prominent the inner feeling expressed through shivering.

            6. Qiè 怯 "chicken-livered and unlikely to undertake risky tasks" and nuò 懦 (ant. yǒng 勇 "courage, boldness") as well as dàn 憚 "unduly prone to feelings of fear" refer to being pusilanimousness or the lack or courage where courage is required.

            7. Bù 怖 "be in a current acute state of fear" has no weakened generalised uses.

            8. Sǒng 悚 / 聳 "be fretful, given to fear; get slightly frightened" refers to mild forms of (possibly superfluous or reprehensible) fear.

            9. Jì 悸 refers to symptoms of violent heart-beat caused by intense fear.

            NB: Pà 怕 is post-Buddhist (TANG).