SKY  天空天

PLACE in SPACE CONTAINING the SUN, the MOON and the STARS.PLACE CONTAINING the SUN, the MOON and the STARS.
HEAVENTHE SKYTHE SKIESTHE UPPER ATMOSPHERETHE STRATOSPHERESPACELITERARY THE FIRMAMENTTHE VAULT OF HEAVENTHE BLUETHE (WILD/WIDE) BLUE YONDERTHE WELKINTHE EMPYREANTHE AZURETHE UPPER REGIONSTHE SPHERETHE CELESTIAL SPHERE
Hypernym
  • PLACEPART of SPACE that THINGS BE-IN:are-in.
    • PARTOBJECT which COMBINES with OTHER OBJECTS to BECOME ONE LARGER WHOLE OBJECT.
      • OBJECT[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to.
  • STARVISIBLE THING IN the NIGHT SKY LACKING CLOUDS.
    Old Chinese Criteria
    1. The current word for the sky, and for Heaven, is tiān 天 (ant. dì 地 "earth").

    2. Qián 乾 (ant. kūn 坤 "metaphysical: Earth") is a learned "metaphyisical" way of referring to Heaven.

    3. Cāng 蒼 is a poetic word for blue sky, but the word is not apparently attested in pre-Buddhist texts.

    Modern Chinese Criteria
    天

    天空

    空

    旻

    宵

    圓

    圓象

    天上

    皇天

    天宇

    玉宇

    空際

    上蒼

    蒼天

    旻天

    天幕

    天穹

    蒼穹

    穹蒼

    蒼昊

    太清

    太虛

    大圜

    碧落 (lit) refers to the sky in a periphrastic way.

    rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

    • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 1.51

    • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 484

      COELUM suprema mundanae machinae pars, et visibilis et invisibilis.

      Detailed axioms and discussion.

    • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. 92

    • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.1547

    • Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy ( ZHANG DAINIAN 2002) p. 3

    • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

    Attributions by syntactic funtion

    • n : 33
    • NP : 26
    • nab : 7
    • nadN : 3
    • nadV : 3
    • vi : 2
    • n[adN] : 1
    • npr : 1
    • NPadV : 1

    Attributions by text

    • 周易 : 7
    • 韓非子 : 7
    • 祖堂集 : 7
    • 孟子 : 6
    • 論衡 : 5
    • 賢愚經 : 5
    • 荀子 : 4
    • 春秋左傳 : 3
    • 莊子 : 3
    • 說苑 : 2
    • 搜神記 : 2
    • 毛詩 : 2
    • 阮籍集四卷 : 2
    • 呂氏春秋 : 2
    • 臨濟錄 : 2
    • 淮南子 : 2
    • 新論-漢-桓譚 : 2
    • 六祖壇經 : 2
    • 楚辭 : 1
    • 列子 : 1
    • 老子 : 1
    • 王羲之集二卷 : 1
    • 六韜 : 1
    • 太平經 : 1
    • 尚書 : 1
    • 禮記 : 1
    • 史記 : 1
    • 法言 : 1
    • 法集要頌經 : 1
    • 妙法蓮華經 : 1

    Words

    天  tiān OC: lʰiin MC: then 37 AttributionsWD

    The current word for the sky, and for Heaven, is tiān 天 (ant. dì 地 "earth").

      Word relations
    • Object: 仰/LOOK UP
    • Epithet: 高/HIGH The manifestly dominant general word is gāo 高(ant. bēi 卑 "low" and xià 下 "low") which refers to concrete as well as abstract elevation.
    • Oppos: 地/EARTH The current general term for the earth or land is dì 地 (ant. tiān 天"Heaven").

      Syntactic words
    • nadNN=placein the skyDS
    • nadVplacefrom the sky
    • nconcretethe (visible) sky (above), 天空
    虛空  xū kōng OC: qhla khooŋ MC: hi̯ɤ khuŋ 17 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPthe mid-air; empty space, sky as container of the various Heavens
    • NPadVfrom the empty sky
    乾  qián OC: ɡran MC: giɛn 7 AttributionsWD

    Qián 乾 (ant. kūn 坤 "metaphysical: Earth") is a learned "metaphyisical" way of referring to Heaven.

      Syntactic words
    • nabmetaphysicalarchaic, metaphysical: Heaven (YI)
    • nprpersonifiedHeaven (as an agent overseeing what happens on earth)
    天上  tiān shàng OC: lʰiin ɡljaŋʔ MC: then dʑi̯ɐŋ 6 AttributionsWD

      Syntactic words
    • NPthe sky
    上天  shang4 tiān MC: dzyangH then OC: ɡljaŋs lʰiinCH 3 AttributionsWD

      Syntactic words
    • NPthe sky above ，彼蒼蒼之上天CH
    霽  jì OC: tsiils MC: tsei 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • nabclearing sky; clear sky
    天庭  tiān tíng OC: lʰiin deeŋ MC: then deŋ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPthe sky
    上  shàng MC: dzyangH OC: ɡljaŋsCH 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • n[adN]what is above> skyCH
    宇  yǔ OC: ɢʷraʔ MC: ɦi̯o 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • nspace above> sky
    宙  zhòu OC: rliwɡs MC: ɖɨu 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • npost-Han NANQISHU: canopy of heaven embracing the whole world
    穹  qióng OC: khʷɯŋ MC: khuŋ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • nsky
    蒼  cāng OC: skhaaŋ MC: tshɑŋ 0 AttributionsWD

    Cāng 蒼 is a poetic word for blue sky, but the word is not apparently attested in pre-Buddhist texts.

      Syntactic words
    • nsky
    佛國  fó guó OC: bɯd kʷɯɯɡ MC: bi̯ut kək 0 AttributionsWD

      Syntactic words
    四天  sì tiān OC: plids lʰiin MC: si then 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    皇  huáng OC: ɡʷaaŋ MC: ɦɑŋ
    太皇  tài huáng OC: thaads ɡʷaaŋ MC: thɑi ɦɑŋ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPabmetaphysicaltài huáng: Heaven
    梵天  fàn tiān OC: bloms lʰiin MC: bi̯ɐm then 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    蒼昊  cāng hào OC: skhaaŋ ɡuuʔ MC: tshɑŋ ɦɑu 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NP{v1&v2(.adN)}ZHANG QIAN (WENXUAN) the splendid blue sky
    諸天  zhū tiān OC: klja lʰiin MC: tɕi̯ɤ then 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    虛  xū OC: qhla MC: hi̯ɤ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • nsky 碧虛 "greenish-blue sky"
    上  shàng MC: dzyangH OC: ɡljaŋsCH 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • nskyCH

    Existing SW for

    Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database:

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