TAKE  拿取

OBTAIN a THING OFTEN by REMOVING it from its PLACE OR OWNER so as to HAVE it ONESELF.
LAY HOLD OFGET HOLD OFGRASPGRIPCLASPCLUTCHGRAB
Antonym
  • GIVECAUSE someone TO POSSESS in the FUTURE what one POSSESSES at PRESENT.
    Hypernym
    • OBTAINBEGIN to HAVE.
      • BEGINENDURINGLY STOP NOT to ACT OR to BE RESEMBLING:as in the PAST.
        • STOPACT so as NOT to CONTINUE NOW:present ACTION.
          • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision....
    See also
    • CATCHTAKE something which is TRYING AVOID this, by PURSUING it.
      • CHOOSETAKE OR USE THING WHILE BELIEVING that one is ABLE to TAKE OTHER THINGS.
        Hyponym
        • ARROGATE　TAKE so as to MONOPOLISE AND in so doing OFFEND against the LAW.
          • CATCH　TAKE something which is TRYING AVOID this, by PURSUING it.
            • ARREST　CATCH and in so doing OBEY a COMMAND of a GOVERNMENT, a LAW, OR a SUPERIOR
            • KIDNAP　CATCH SO AS TO KEEP PRISONER AND ASK FOR RANSOM.
            • ABDUCT　CATCH A HUMAN by FORCING him to FOLLOW ONE. 
          • CHOOSE　TAKE OR USE THING WHILE BELIEVING that one is ABLE to TAKE OTHER THINGS.
            • DECIDE　CHOOSE among PRESENT OR FUTURE MOVEMENTS FOR SELF:oneself OR among ANSWERS to QUESTIONS....
            • MARRY　CAUSE someone to BECOME a HUSBAND OR a WIFE....
            • VOTE　DECIDE an IMPORTANT POLITICAL ASK:question CONFORMING to MAJORITY CHOICE.
          • CONFISCATE　TAKE something from ANOTHER, ACTING as an OFFICIAL CONFORMING to a LAW.
            • EMBRACE　TAKE so as to HOLD a THING OR ANOTHER PERSON USING BOTH ARMS INTEDing to SAFEGUARD it OR SHOW SYMPATHY. 
              • PICK UP　TAKE FROM a LOW PLACE so as to HOLD.
                • RECEIVE　BEGIN to HAVE something that someone is GIVING it to one.
                  • EARN　RECEIVE MONEY AS SALARY OR REWARD.
                • STEAL　TAKE SECRETLY OFFENDING the LAW.
                  • ROB　STEAL, USING VIOLENCE.
                • BRING　TAKE something so as to MOVE it to the PLACE where the SPEAKER IS-IN.
                  • BORROW　RECEIVE SOMETHING FROM SOMEONE PROMISING to GIVE IT BACK.
                    Old Chinese Criteria
                    1. The current general word for to take is qǔ 取.

                    2. Duó 奪 is to take by force or threat of force.

                    3. Nián 拈 and cuò 撮 refer to taking by the use of one's fingers only.

                    4. Jué 攫 refers to picking up something not easy to get hold of.

                    5. Zhí 執 "hold" is occasionally used inchoatively to mean "take hold of".

                    6. Tàn 探 refers to the act of stretching out one's hands straining to lay hold something and succeeding in this effort.

                    Modern Chinese Criteria
                    拿 is the current modern word for to take.

                    取

                    帶

                    將

                    提

                    采取

                    抽

                    rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

                    • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 11.14

                    • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

                      TAKE AWAY

                      demere refers to taking away a part from a whole which thereby becomes smaller.

                      adimere refers to taking away a possession from a possessor, who thereby becomes poorer.

                      eximere refers to the taking away something which is oppressing or threatening to damage the person who has it in his own interest.

                      auferre refers to unduly or illegally taking away anything from anyone.

                      eripere refers to unduly or illegally taking away something by use of force or by snatching it away deftly.

                    • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 148

                    • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 242

                    • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 291

                    • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 28

                    • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.308

                    Words

                    取  qǔ OC: skhoʔ MC: tshi̯o 39 AttributionsWD

                    The current general word for to take is qǔ 取.

                      Word relations
                    • Ant: 與 / 予/GIVE The most general word for to give is probably yǔ 與 (ant. qǔ 取 "take away from").

                      Syntactic words
                    • nab.post-Nacttaking of N from othersLZ
                    • nabactthe grasping after
                    • viacttake things from others
                    • vt(oN)take; pick up the contextually determinate N
                    • vt+V[0]V=resulttake and V
                    • vtoNtake, pick up
                    • vtoNfigurativetake (with abstract objects); grasp (with abstract objects); hold on to (an opinion, concept, idea, etc.)
                    • vtt[oN1.+N2]take things from othersLZ
                    • vtt[oN1.]+(N2)take things from the contextually determinate N2DS
                    • vttoN1.+N2take N2 from N1; take N1 from N2
                    • vttoN1.+N2reflexive.自take N2 for (oneself)
                    • vttoN1.+prep+N2取諸其懷to take (a certain amount or part N1) (from a whole or a place N2), to pick out (something N1) (from a larger group N2)
                    • vttoN1.+prep+N2figurativeaccept or take (something N1) (from somebody N2); learn (something N1) from (somebody N2)　取諸人
                    奪  duó OC: dood MC: dʷɑt 39 AttributionsWD

                    Duó 奪 is to take by force or threat of force.

                      Word relations
                    • Ant: 與 / 予/GIVE The most general word for to give is probably yǔ 與 (ant. qǔ 取 "take away from").
                    • Ant: 失/LOSE The dominant general word for to lose is shī 失 (ant. dé 得 "get") which refers to any disappearance of something which belonged to one in any sense, but the emphasis tends to be on the loss being the result of a mistake rather than mere insouciance.
                    • Ant: 讓/YIELD The dominant general word referring to yielding politely to others or giving precedence to them is ràng 讓 (ant. líng 陵 "treat without proper respect").
                    • Ant: 遞/GIVE
                    • Assoc: 爭/FIGHT The current general word for any form of conflict or competition is zhēng 爭 (ant. ràng 讓 "give polite precedence to"). However, the word specifically focusses on competition rather than physical violence.
                    • Assoc: 爭/COMPETE The clearly dominant general word for competition or struggle, both hostile and friendly, is zhēng 爭 and the focus is on the conflict rather on what is being fought for. See STRUGGLE

                      Syntactic words
                    • nabacttaking away things from peopleLZ
                    • vadNtaken, which one has taken
                    • vtoNstruggle to obtain, wrest from; wrest power away from; snatch away
                    • vtoNget hold of an N that is not originally under one's control> snatch awayCH
                    • vtoNfigurativetake away, snatch away
                    • vtoNfigurativebe taken away, be snatched away
                    • vtoNlegallytake away (as is one's right to do)
                    • vtoNpassivebe taken away, be snatched away
                    • vtt[oN1.+N2]take things away from peopleLZ
                    • vtt[oN1.+prep+N2]take things away from peopleCH
                    • vttoN1.+N2take away (from someone N1) (something N2)
                    • vttoN1.+N2take away (something N1) (from N2)LZ
                    • vttoN1.+prep+N2take N1 away from N2
                    援  yuán OC: ɢʷan MC: ɦi̯ɐn 16 AttributionsWD

                      Word relations
                    • Object: 琴/STRING INSTRUMENTS The most current musical instrument in ancient China is the qín 琴﹣lute which generally had seven strings. This instrument is played with both hands. With one's left hand one holds down the strings while one plucks with one's right hand.
                    • Object: 戈/LANCE

                      Syntactic words
                    • vt(oN)figurativeto hold back (a contextually determinate object);
                    • vtoNpull towards one (an object not larger than oneself); pick up; take control of
                    拈  nián OC: mɢleem MC: nem 12 AttributionsWD

                    Nián 拈 and cuò 撮 refer to taking by the use of one's fingers only.

                      Syntactic words
                    • vt(oN)hold between one's fingers; pick up (with contextually determinate N)
                    • vt(oN.)ad:vttoN.+Sfigurativetake up (i.e. orally cite) (a contextually defined Nab which usually refers to a previously stated question or problem) and say/ask a person (nián seems to be used quite technically by Zen historians in order to mark a break in the narrative: a certain case/problem of discussion is cited orally to a master and a commentary is expected)
                    • vt(oN:)ad.vtoSfigurativetake up (i.e. orally cite) (a contextually defined N which usually refers to a previously stated question or problem) and say/ask (nián seems to be used quite technically by Zen historians in order to mark a break in the narrative: a certain case/problem of discussion is cited orally to a master and a commentary is expected)
                    • vtoNSHUOWEN: hold between two or three fingers; take between two fingers; pick up; pluck (flowers)
                    持  chí OC: ɡrlɯ MC: ɖɨ 8 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vt(oN)continuoustake along
                    • vtoN.adVtake N and V it
                    • vtoNinchoativepick up; take
                    將  jiāng OC: skaŋ MC: tsi̯ɐŋ 5 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNtake N (and go on to V)
                    抽  chōu OC: rlʰiw MC: ʈhɨu 4 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNpull out so as to take (often hard to distinguish from PULL out so as to use 抽觴
                    執  zhí OC: tjib MC: tɕip 3 AttributionsWD

                    Zhí 執 "hold" is occasionally used inchoatively to mean "take hold of".

                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNinchoativetake (a person's hand)
                    搏  bó OC: paaɡ MC: pɑk 3 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNLAO 55; capture by beating with wings in order to immobilise prey; capture (often alive)
                    • vtoNpersonallytake hold of in person, receive in personCH
                    攝  shè OC: qhljeb MC: ɕiɛp 3 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • nabactillegal take-over
                    • vtoNtake hold of (often by irregular means)
                    • vtoNfigurativegrab (power) by irregular means
                    攬  lǎn OC: ɡ-raamʔ MC: lɑm 3 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNgrasp, take; pluck; stir
                    • vtoNfigurativefocus on intellectually and stir into actionCH
                    收  shōu OC: qjiw MC: ɕɨu 3 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNpick up (what is lying around); snatch
                    捉  zhuō OC: tsrooɡ MC: ʈʂɣɔk 2 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNtake 捉水
                    捽  zuó OC: sɡuud MC: dzuot 2 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNgrasp and pull
                    撫  fǔ OC: mʰaʔ MC: phi̯o 2 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNnudge; reach for; reach for (so as to drink)
                    翦  jiǎn OC: tsenʔ MC: tsiɛn 2 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNpassivehave taken away from one
                    收取  shōu qǔ OC: qjiw skhoʔ MC: ɕɨu tshi̯o 2 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • VPt(oN)take into one's possession
                    舉  jǔ OC: klaʔ MC: ki̯ɤ 2 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNpick up, collect
                    操  cāo MC: tshaw OC: tshaawCH 2 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNinchoativetake hold of so as to wieldCH
                    摻  shǎn OC: sruumʔ MC: ʂɣɛm 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNgrasp; hold firmly
                    撮  cuō OC: skhood MC: tshʷɑt 1 AttributionWD

                    Nián 拈 and cuō 撮 refer to taking by the use of one's fingers only.

                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNZZ: pick up between two or three fingers [also: catch][CA]
                    攫  jué OC: kʷaɡ MC: ki̯ɐk 1 AttributionWD

                    Jué 攫 refers to picking up something not easy to get hold of.

                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNZZ 995: (of monkey) pick up things or hang onto things with one's feet; LAO 55: prone to pick up prey with one's legs (as birds); HANSHU: pick up and capture with one's feet (as a bird)
                    禽  qín OC: ɡrɯm MC: gim 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vt[oN]pick up [the left ear of a slain enemy soldier]??
                    解取  jiě qǔ OC: kreeʔ skhoʔ MC: kɣɛ tshi̯o 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • VPtoNresultativeuntie so as to take away
                    持歸  chí guī MC: dri kjw+j OC: ɡrlɯ klulCH 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • VPt(oN)take the contextually determinate N homeCH
                    援得  yuán dé dé de děi MC: hjwon tok  OC: ɢʷan tɯɯɡ CH 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • VPtoNresultativeget hold ofCH
                    將去  jiāng qù MC: tsjang khjoH OC: skaŋ khasDS 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • VPt(oN)take away the contextually determinate objectDS
                    糾譑  jiū jiǎo MC: kjuw kjewX OC: kiw krewʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • VPt[oN]eagerly take thingsLZ
                    扼  è OC: qreeɡ MC: ʔɣɛk 0 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNwrench (wrists)
                    拮  jié OC: kiid MC: ket 0 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNgrasp
                    挎  kū OC: khʷlaa MC: khuo̝ 0 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNK: to insert the hand (and grasp) (YILI)
                    捏  niē OC: m-liiɡ MC: net 0 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNpick up with one's fingers
                    探  tàn OC: kh-luum MC: thəm 0 AttributionsWD

                    Tàn 探 refers to the act of stretching out one's hands straining to lay hold something and succeeding in this effort.

                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNstretch out one's hand(s) to take or get hold of
                    褫  chǐ OC: rlʰɯʔ MC: ʈhɨ 0 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNtake away
                    取將  qǔ jiāng OC: skhoʔ skaŋ MC: tshi̯o tsi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • VPt(oN)omtake, bring, grasp (with contextually determinate object)
                    拈掇  nián duó OC: mɢleem k-lood MC: nem tʷɑt 0 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • VPt(oN)get hold of, take, pick up
                    攫取  jué qǔ OC: kʷaɡ skhoʔ MC: ki̯ɐk tshi̯o 0 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • VPt(oN)omtake the contextually determinate N
                      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNinchoativetake hold of so as to wieldCH
                    挾  xié MC: hep OC: ɡeebCH 0 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNpick up (with chopsticks), takeCH

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