DISTINGUISH  分別

SPEAK OR THINK so as to UNDERSTAND OR to CAUSE OTHERS to UNDERSTAND that DIFFERENT THINGS are DIFFERENT.
DIFFERENTIATETELL APARTDISCRIMINATE BETWEENTELL THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
Hypernym
  • SPEAKACT so as to USE WORDS FOR SHOWING MEANING.*Speech by speaker X, directed towards audience Y, in order to communicate message Z.
    • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
      • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION.
        • CHANGEEVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2....
See also
  • DIVIDECAUSE something to BECOME TWO OR MANY DIFFERENT PARTS.
    • DIFFERENTRELATION of NOT MUTUALLY RESEMBLING.
      Old Chinese Criteria
      1. The current general word is biàn 辨, sometimes also written 辯.

      2. The deliberate establishment of distinctions is bié 別 or pàn 判.

      3. Jué 決 is the concrete process by which one decides whether an established distinction obtains or does not obtain in a concrete case.

      4. Xī 析 is to make a set of relevant distinctions on a given subject.

      5. Yì 異 can be used putatively for "consider to be different" in theorising discourse.

      6. Fèn 分 refers to the results of the deliberate establishment of distinctions, and to the making of such distinctions.

      Modern Chinese Criteria
      分別 is a current modern word for distinguishing.

      區別 is another current modern word for distinguishing between things.

      辨別 refers to establishing distinctions.

      區分 refers to differentiating carefully what one distinguishes.

      辨明 focusses on the clarity of the distinction.

      明辨 focusses of clarity in differentiation.

      分辨 (lit) refers in a slightly elevated way to the making of distinctions.

      識別 focusses on the intellectual function of making distinction.

      判別 focusses on the judgment necessary to make distinctions.

      甄別 refers to the establishment of practically relevant distinctions, and screening.

      鑒別 focusses on the critical perception in making distinctions.

      鑒識 focusses on the intellectual or cognitive function in the making of distinctions.

      辨認 refers to the recognition of distinctions presupposed to be present.

      辨

      分

      別

      甄

      rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

      • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 513©

        DIVIDERE aliqvid in sua contenta resolvere. Continet autem aliqvid alia vel in se, ut totum partes; vel sub se, ut genus species; vel penes se, ut duo qvaepiam in eodem subjecto coexistentia, exampli gratia albedo et dulcedo in saccharo....

        Long useful discussion in the old Greek tradition of dihairesis.

        ...

        1. Mente, dictur Dignoscere, dicernere

        2. Verbis, dicitur Distingvere

        3. re ipsa - separare disparare, dispescere, disgregare

        ...

      • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 153

        DISTINCTIO, SUBDISTINCTIO

        145. Inter Distinctionem et subdistinctionem. Distinctio finem sensus facit, subdistinctio suspendit [ Al., mentem susp.].

      • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

        DISTINGUISH

        discernere refers to the exercise of the ability to make subtle distinctions.

        distinguere refers to the exercise of the ability to recognise marks and signs by which to keep things apart.

      • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 114

      • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 81B

      • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 11.310

        UNTERSCHIED

      • Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 102

      • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 61

      • 跟我學同義詞 ( CAI SHAOWEI 2010) p. 78

      • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.17:16

        DISTINCTION.DIVERSITE.SEPARATION

      • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.253.209

        DISTINGUER.SEPARER

      • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 426

      Words

      別  bié OC: pred MC: piɛt 115 Attributions

      The deliberate establishment of distinctions is bié 別 or pàn 判.

        Word relations
      • Contrast: 分/DISTINGUISH Fèn 分 refers to the results of the deliberate establishment of distinctions, and to the making of such distinctions.
      • Contrast: 決/DECIDE Jué 決 focusses on the the result as such, and the word can be used about decisons already made where duàn 斷 seems excluded. (事已決 not: 事已斷矣)
      • Synon: 明/UNDERSTAND Míng 明 (ant. měng 蒙 "have very confused notions about") refers to incisive clarity of insight.
      • Synon: 決/DISTINGUISH Jué 決 is the concrete process by which one decides whether an established distinction obtains or does not obtain in a concrete case.

        Syntactic words
      • nabactproper distinction made, segregationm also in practice as between men and women (contrast DIFFERENT)
      • nabactneutral: distinction made between thingsCH
      • vadNof the kind that makes distinctions> quibblingCH
      • vadVfrom the point of view of distinguishing them; from the point of view of differenceCH
      • vt(oN)make the relevant distinction between contextually determinate things
      • vt+prep+Nestablish a distinction with, establish a difference from
      • vt[oN]make distinctions
      • vtoN.+Vmark N out as distinct by V-ing
      • vtoNattitudinaldiscern; differentiate between; to treat as separate, to hold apart, make the distinction between
      • vtoNexplicitmark out as N
      • vtoNpassiveto be distinguished; be held apart intellectually
      • vtoN{2}declarativemake explicit a distinction between the NsCH
      • vtt(oN1.)+N2distinguish (something) from something else
      • vtt(oN1.)+prep+N2distinguish a contextually determinate thing N1 from something else N2
      • vttoN1.+N2distinguish between N1 and N2
      • vttoN1.+prep+N2establish a distinction between something N1 and something else N2
      • vttoN1.+prep+N2causativedistinguish (oneself) from something else
      辨  biàn OC: brenʔ MC: biɛn
      辯  biàn OC: brenʔ MC: biɛn 35 Attributions

      The current general word is biàn 辨, sometimes also written 辯.

        Syntactic words
      • nab.ttstative=辨 the distinction between N1 and N2
      • nabact=辨 the making of subtle distinctions
      • vt(oN)explain a contextually determinate thing distinctly
      • vt+prep+.N1+N2=辨 make a proper distinction between N1 and N2
      • vtoN=辨 distinguish properly; be able to draw a distinction between; sort out by making distinctions
      • vtoNmiddle voicebe properly distinguished; be well-articulated
      • vttoN1.+N2=辨 distinguish N1 from N2CH
      分  fēn OC: pɯn MC: pi̯un 17 Attributions

      Fèn 分 refers to the results of the deliberate establishment of distinctions, and to the making of such distinctions.

        Syntactic words
      • nab.post-Nactmaking distinctions between NsLZ
      • nab.post-Nsocialthe proper social distinctions between NsLZ
      • nabsemanticthe application of conceptual distinctions to reality
      • vibe divided > be (clearly) held apart; be distinct; be clearly defined
      • vt+prep+Npractical distinction regardingCH
      • vtoNhold apart, distinguish
      • vtoNpassivehe held apart; be held distinct
      分別  fēn bié OC: pɯn pred MC: pi̯un piɛt 14 Attributions
        Syntactic words
      • NPabactmaking of proper distinctionsLZ
      • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: negative: discriminative thinking; way of thinking which makes distinctions; false way of thinking
      • NPabrelationaldistinction
      • VPadNseparated out, distinguished
      • VPt(oN)distinguish between the contextually determinate objectsLZ
      • VPt[oN]make proper distinctions between things
      • VPt[oN]actmake distinctions BUDDH: discriminate (falsely); in the Buddhist context the compound word nearly always has a negative connotation (referring to making distinctions during the process of perception and thus creating a dualistic world-view, in which one discrimates between self and others, subject and object, etc.; as such one does not see things as they really are, i.e. in their state of thusness; in the Zen context fēnbié is often described as one of the main obstacles to enlightenment); SANSKRIT vikalpa, vibhajya
      • VPtoNmake distinction between
      • VPtoNpassiveget distinguished properly
      • VPtt+.S1+S2distinguish whether S1 or S2 is the case, be not indifferent to whether S1 or S2 is the case
      異  yì OC: p-lɯɡs MC: jɨ 13 Attributions

      Yì 異 can be used putatively for "consider to be different" in theorising discourse.

        Syntactic words
      • nabactdifferentiation applied to thingsCH
      • vt(oN)N=plurdistinguish between contextually determinate things
      • vtoNdistinguish between; maintain a distinction between
      • vtt(oN1.)+prep+N2distinguish (one situation) (from another situation)
      • vttoN1. prep N2distinguish (properly) N1 from N2CH
      知  zhī OC: te MC: ʈiɛ 8 Attributions
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNbe able to distinguish 不知五穀 "be unable to tell the five sorts of grain from one-another"
      • vtoNmiddle voicebe adequately distinguishedCH
      差  chā OC: skhraal MC: ʈʂhɣɛ 3 Attributions
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNdistinguish; sort out the difference; establish a difference (in treatment)
      割  gē OC: kaad MC: kɑt 2 Attributions
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNdistinguish between
      • vtoNpassivebe seperated; be distinguished
      決  jué OC: kʷeed MC: ket 2 Attributions

      Jué 決 is the concrete process by which one decides whether an established distinction obtains or does not obtain in a concrete case.

        Word relations
      • Synon: 別/DISTINGUISH The deliberate establishment of distinctions is bié 別 or pàn 判.

        Syntactic words
      • vtoNdetermine the difference
      離  lí OC: b-rel MC: liɛ 2 Attributions
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNattitudinalkeep from one-another; distinguish
      • vtoNattitudinalkeep apart; consider separately from each otherCH
      審別  shěn bié OC: qhjɯmʔ pred MC: ɕim piɛt 2 Attributions
        Syntactic words
      • VPtoNresultativedistinguish carefully after critical examination
      區  qū OC: kho MC: khi̯o 1 Attribution
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNmiddle voicebe separated out; be demarkated
      殊  shū OC: djo MC: dʑi̯o 1 Attribution
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNabstractkeep apart; be kept apart (often of abstract things)
      • vtoNconcretemake different use ofCH
      異別  yì bié OC: p-lɯɡs pred MC: jɨ piɛt 1 Attribution
        Syntactic words
      • NPabactthe making of appropriate distinctions in general
      宣  xuān MC: sjwen OC: sqonCH 1 Attribution
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNbring out the difference between the NsCH
      宣  xuān MC: sjwen OC: sqonCH 1 Attribution
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNbring out the difference between the NsCH
      分隔  fēn gé MC: pjun keak OC: pɯn kreeɡLZ 1 Attribution
        Syntactic words
      • NPabact(making of) distinctionsLZ
      等異  děng yì MC: tojX yiH OC: k-lɯɯŋʔ p-lɯɡsLZ 1 Attribution
        Syntactic words
      • VPtoNto distinguish N according to rankLZ
      分割  fēn gē MC: pjun kat OC: pɯn kaadLZ 1 Attribution
        Syntactic words
      • VPtoNto distinguish, set apartLZ
      識別  shí bié MC: syik bjet OC: qhljɯɡ bredDS 1 Attribution
        Syntactic words
      • VPt(oN)distinguish the contextually determinate NsDS
      判  pàn OC: phaans MC: phʷɑn 0 Attributions
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNseparate out; separate out so as to make clear
      析  xī OC: seeɡ MC: sek 0 Attributions

      Xī 析 is to make a set of relevant distinctions on a given subject.

        Syntactic words
      • vtoNanalyse finely; disect, analyse
      別異  bié yì OC: pred p-lɯɡs MC: piɛt jɨ 0 Attributions
        Syntactic words
      • VPtoNpassivebe distinguished (from each other)
        Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 Attributions
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNbring out the difference between the NsCH

      Existing SW for

      Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database: