CARRY    攜帶

DISPLACE something by WALKING WHILE HOLDING it.
CONVEYTRANSFERMOVETAKEBRINGBEARLUGTOTE
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The commonest words refer to carrying things on one's back is fù 負, and the word is also common in figurative senses. 2. Dān 擔 refer to carrying things on a shoulder pole, but the word is still fairly rare in pre-Buddhist texts. 3. Hè 荷 is to carry over one's shoulder, sometimes on a pole. 4. Rén 任 refers to bearing something in one's arms. 5. Huái 懷 and bào 抱 can refer to carrying things in one's arms so as to protect them. See also EMBRACE 6. Dài 帶 is specifically to carry things along on one's belt, but the word is used more generally for "take along" also in ancient texts. 7. Pèi 佩 is to wear or carry very small objects on the waist. See WEAR 8. Qiè 挈 is to carry fairly small objects with one arm. 9. Gāng 扛 refers to lifting and possibly also carrying along heavy objects, typically as a feat. See primarily LIFT NP: Káng 扛 "carry on one's shoulders" is a late colloquialism.
Modern Chinese Criteria
帶 抬 扛抬 抬扛 扛 搭 舁 輿 背 馱 負 負重 負荷 負載 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • SMUGGLE　CARRY something ILLEGALLY ACROSS A BORDER. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
See also
  • LIFTDISPLACE so as to CAUSE TO RISE, TYPICALLY USING ONE'S HANDS.
  • PICK UPTAKE FROM a LOW PLACE so as to HOLD.
Hypernym
  • DISPLACE　CAUSE to MOVE. (anc: 11/0, child: 28)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • CHANGE　EVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2. (anc: 9/0, child: 18)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 10.61

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    CARRY

    ferre is the general word referring to the transporting of something, by hand, from one place to another.

    portare refers to the carrying of something either for oneself or for others.

    bajulare refers to the carrying of something for others, as a porter.

    BEAR

    ferre refers to the supporting of a heavy burden.

    tolerare refers to the bearing of some burden without sinking with it, and with a considerable use of strength.

    sustinere refers to keeping something up without allowing it to sink down.

    pati refers to bearing a burden or suffering something without trying to get rid of it. (Marginal to this group)

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 251

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 59

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1321

    負，任，荷，擔

    1. One might add to WL's description the main difference which is that fu4 負 often takes abstract objects, and re2n 任 became predominantly figurative, whereas he4 荷 and da4n 擔 are nearly always concrete. In fact, the inclusion of the marginal re2n 任 in this series is misleading, because the relevant meaning became obsolete at an early stage of the language.

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.417.376

    PORTER.APPORTER.TRANSPORTER.EMPORTER

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.389

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 392/4/6

    • Words (35 items)

    負  fù OC: bɯʔ MC: bɨu 41 AttributionsWD

    The most common word to refer to carrying things on one's back is fù 負; the word is also common in figurative senses.

      Word relations
    • Object: 薪/FIREWOOD The current general word for firewood is xīn 薪 and specifically the word refers to thick branches that can perhaps be used for making logs.
    • Object: 儋/BURDEN
    • Contrast: 戴/CARRY
    • Assoc: 任/CARRY Rén 任 refers to bearing something in one's arms.
    • Assoc: 荷/CARRY Hè 荷 is to carry over one's shoulder, sometimes on a pole.
    • Assoc: 荷/CARRY Hè 荷 is to carry over one's shoulder, sometimes on a pole.
    • Assoc: 戴/CARRY

      Syntactic words
    • vt(+N.)adV(to V) with N on one's shoulders, carrying N on one's shoulders go ahead and V
    • vt[oN]carry things on one's shoulders
    • vtoNcarry on one's back; transferred: take upon oneself (official duties etc)
    • vtoNfigurativesupport the weight of; have on one's back; carry along (not necessarily on one's own back) 驢負 "carry on donkey-back"
    • vtoNinchoativetake on one's back (to carry off)CH
    • vtoNpassivebe carried
    • vttoN1.+N2causativecause (N1) to carry (N2) on his shoulders
    持  chí OC: ɡrlɯ MC: ɖɨ 25 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN.)adVtaking along the contextually determinte object
    • vtoNhold and carry, take along; carry along; support with one's hands
    • vtoN.adV(carrying along)> with
    • vtoNimperativecarry!
    擔  dān MC: tam OC: k-laam 13 AttributionsWD

    Dān 擔refer to carrying things on a shoulder pole, but the word is still fairly rare in pre-Buddhist texts. In the nominal usages, the lexeme is pronounced as dàn.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactthe carrying of burdens
    • vt(oN)carry a contextually determinate object on the shoulders
    • vtoNcarry on a shoulder pole; carry
    • vtoNinchoativetake N on one's shouldersDS
    • vttoN1.+N2N2=distancecarry N1 for the distance N2DS
    荷  hè OC: ɡlaalʔ MC: ɦɑ 9 AttributionsWD

    Hè 荷 is to carry over one's shoulder, sometimes on a pole.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 負/CARRY The most common word to refer to carrying things on one's back is fù 負; the word is also common in figurative senses.
    • Assoc: 負/CARRY The most common word to refer to carrying things on one's back is fù 負; the word is also common in figurative senses.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbear over one's shoulder (sometimes written 何 in early texts)
    帶  dài OC: taads MC: tɑi 9 AttributionsWD

    Dài 帶 is specifically to carry things along on one's belt, but the word is used more generally for "take along" also in ancient texts.

      Word relations
    • Object: 劍/SWORD Jiàn 劍refers to the weapon with two edges which can be worn on a belt. Sword became common in China relatively late; although short bronze swords were widely used in northeastern China from Shang till early Chunqiu period, there are only few pieces known from the graves of the Western Zhou and Chunqiu aristocracy. In the middle and late Chunqiu period bronze swords came to be wider used particularly in the southern states of Wu, Yue, and Chu; the earliest textual evidence I have found for the word also dates from this period (MOZI and inscriptions on the swords of Wu and Yue). In Warring States times sword became usual weapon. Iron swords for the first time appeared in the late Chunqiu period and by the early Han completely replaced bronze pieces. Note that in Han times both aristocrats and officials worn swords like symbols of their status.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcarry (any object, sword) on belt; carry along, take along
    • vtoNfigurativecarry, have and show
    • vtt(oN1.)-vtoN2causativecause a conctextually determinate person N1 to carriy N2 on his/her belt
    懷  huái OC: ɡruul MC: ɦɣɛi 9 AttributionsWD

    Huái 懷 and bào 抱 can refer to carrying things in one's arms so as to protect them. See also EMBRACE

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 挾 / 夾/HOLD Jiā 夾／ 挾 refers specifically to holding something under one's armpit, but the word also has some more generalised uses.

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)carry the contextually determinate thing in one's breast-pocket
    • vtoNcarry in one's arms; carry along in one's breast-pocket; put in one's breast pocket
    • vtoNpassivebe tucked away/carried along in one's breast-pocket
    挈  qiè OC: kheed MC: khet 7 AttributionsWD

    Qiè 挈 is to carry fairly small objects with one arm.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNMO: lift up and take along (Mount Taishan and cross a river with it); hold up (for the ruler to use); take and hold up as a standard; generally: hold
    • vtoNpassivebe lifted and carried around
    抱  bào OC: buuʔ MC: bɑu 5 AttributionsWD

    Huái 懷 and bào 抱 can refer to carrying things in one's arms so as to protect them. See also EMBRACE

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcarry along in one's arms
    戴  dài OC: k-lɯɯs MC: təi 5 AttributionsWD

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 負/CARRY The most common word to refer to carrying things on one's back is fù 負; the word is also common in figurative senses.
    • Assoc: 負/CARRY The most common word to refer to carrying things on one's back is fù 負; the word is also common in figurative senses.

      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN]carry things on one's head
    • vtoNhold up with effort; carry on one's head (particularly of women)
    • vtoNderivedhave fixed on topCH
    • vtoNfigurativecarry and support with one's head 戴皇天
    揭  jiē OC: kad MC: ki̯ɐt 4 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNlift up and carry
    任  rén OC: njɯm MC: ȵim 4 AttributionsWD

    Rén 任 refers to bearing something in one's arms.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 負/CARRY The most common word to refer to carrying things on one's back is fù 負; the word is also common in figurative senses.

      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN]to carry one's burdensLZ
    • vtoNbear in one's arms; be able to carry
    • vtoNfigurativecarry (as a beam "carries" a roof)
    負戴  fù dài OC: bɯʔ k-lɯɯs MC: bɨu təi 3 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPt[oN]carry on backs and heads, carry heavy loads in general
    • VPtoNcarry on backs and heads, carry (in general)LZ
    裹  guǒ OC: kloolʔ MC: kʷɑ 2 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcarry along in a bag or a sack
    捉  zhuō OC: tsrooɡ MC: ʈʂɣɔk 2 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)take the contextually determinate thing along carrying it in one's hands
    • vtoNpick up; pick up and take along in one's hands
    持去  chí qù OC: ɡrlɯ khas MC: ɖɨ khi̯ɤ 2 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)carry off, take away
    • VPtoNresultativecarry off
    贏  yíng MC: yeng OC: leŋ 2 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNtake alongCH
    舁  yú OC: k-la MC: ji̯ɤ 2 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcarry on the shoulder
    懷負  huái fù MC: hweaj bjuwX  OC: ɡruul bɯʔ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNcarry in one's armsLZ
    擔負  dān fù OC: k-laam bɯʔ MC: tɑm bɨu 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNcarry on a carrying pole
    佩  pèi OC: bɯɯs MC: buo̝i 1 AttributionWD

    Pèi 佩 is to wear or carry very small objects on the waist. See WEAR

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcarry on one's belt (a sword etc, close to "wear", but not quite the same)
    擔向  dān xiàng OC: k-laam qhaŋs MC: tɑm hi̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNcarry to
    轝  yù OC: - MC: ji̯ɤ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcarry
    齎  jī OC:  MC: tsei 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNtake along, carry along, bring along
    扱  chā OC: skhrɯɯb MC: ʈʂhɣɛp 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNto carry
    載  zài MC: tsojH OC: sklɯɯs 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpick up to carryCH
    馱  duò OC: daads MC: dɑ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcarry on the back
    背  bèi OC: pɯɯɡs MC: puo̝i 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNTANG: put on one's back; carry on one's back
    扛  gāng OC: krooŋ MC: kɣɔŋ 0 AttributionsWD

    Gāng 扛 refers to lifting and possibly also carrying along heavy objects, typically as a feat. See primarily LIFT

      Syntactic words
    舁去  yú qù OC: k-la khaʔ MC: ji̯ɤ khi̯ɤ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)carry the contextually determinate thing N off
    自隨  zì suí OC: sblids sɢlol MC: dzi ziɛ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNtake along (DCD)
    挑  tiāo OC: kh-leew MC: theu 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpost-Han, SONG DYNASTY: carry on a shoulder pole
    搢紳  jìn shēn OC: tsins lʰin MC: tsin ɕin 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNfor carrying (like a sword) hanging on one's broad ritual belt 漢 鄭司農 曰："晉讀為搢紳之搢，謂插於紳帶之間，若帶劍也。"
    掆  gāng OC: kaaŋ MC: kɑŋ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcarry on shoulder
    荷負  hé fù OC: ɡlaal bɯʔ MC: ɦɑ bɨu 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNcarry
    擁  yǒng OC: qoŋʔ MC: ʔi̯oŋ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcarry in one arm