APPROACH    接近近

WALK so as to BECOME NEAR to something.
MOVE TOWARDCOME/GO TOWARDADVANCE TOWARDINCH TOWARDGO/COME/DRAW/MOVE NEARERGO/COME/DRAW/MOVE CLOSERNEARCLOSE INGAIN ON
Old Chinese Criteria
[DRAMATIC]/[UNDRAMATIC] [ELEVATED/VULGAR] [GENERAL/SPECIFIC] [HIGH-DEGREE/LOW-DEGREE] [LITERAL/TRANSFERRED] 1. The most current general word for approaching or getting close to anything is jìn 近 (ant. yuàn 遠 "remove oneself far from"). [GENERAL], [LITERAL!] 2. Jí 即 and jiù 就 (all ant. lí 離 "leave, move away from") refer neutrally to moving close to a certain place. [GENERAL] 3. Bó 薄 and pò 迫 refers somewhat dramatically to moving (often precariously) close to something. [DRAMATIC], [LITERAL] 4. Fù 附 is to move very close up indeed to something, often getting attached to it. [HIGH-DEGREE], [LITERAL] 5. Qīn 親 (NB: shū 疏 is not used as an antonym for this meaning.) refers primarily to moving intimately close to something. [ELEVATED], [TRANSFERRED!] 6. Lín 臨 is often used in ways characteristic of the dignified court style, but the word also commonly refers to getting close to a place or time in a natural course of events. [ELEVATED!], [GENERAL]
Modern Chinese Criteria
接近 逼近 靠近 來臨 臨 湊近 迫近 迫臨 靠近 鄰近 接近 臨近 挨近 貼近 將近 近乎 靠攏 湊攏 攏 湊 瀕臨 瀕於 臨 臨到 first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH/
Hyponym
  • REACH　APPROACH so as to BECOME:come to be IN A CERTAIN PLACE. (anc: 13/0, child: 2)
Antonym
  • LEAVEMOVE so as to CEASE to BE-IN a PLACE.
See also
  • COMEARRIVE at the PLACE NEAR the SPEAKER OR NEAR to a HUMAN whom the SPEAKER is MAINLY THINKING of.
Hypernym
  • WALK　MOVE across the FLOOR>ground USING one's LEGS. (anc: 11/0, child: 16)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • CHANGE　EVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2. (anc: 9/0, child: 18)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 10.56

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 225

    • Words (18 items)

    臨  lín OC: b-rɯm MC: lim 22 Attributions

    Lín 臨 is often used in ways characteristic of the dignified court style, but the word also commonly refers to getting close to a place or time in a natural course of events. [ELEVATED!], [GENERAL]

      Word relations
    • Object: 死/DIE The dominant general word is sǐ 死 (ant. shēng 生"be alive"), and this can refer to the death of plants as well as animals or men.

      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Ngo close to, get close to; approach (and gaze down on)
    • vt0oN.adStemporalwhen it comes/came to the time N,...
    • vt0oN1.adN2the time N2 etc, of N1 approachingCH
    • vtoN命臨沒 "When life is about to come to an end" move (often downwards) towards, approach (and arrive at); move close to.
    • vtoNfigurativespiritually: move close to in spiritCH
    • vtoNN=abstractapproach (a time, a situation etc)
    就  jiù OC: dzuɡs MC: dzɨu 20 Attributions

    Jí 即 and jiù 就 (all ant. lí 離 "leave, move away from") refer neutrally to moving close to a certain place. [GENERAL]

      Word relations
    • Ant: 去/LEAVE The general word for leaving one place for another is qù 去 (ant. liú 留"remain").

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)approach (to a contextually determinate object)
    • vt(oN.)-Vapproach to the contextually determinate N in order to VDS
    • vtoNmove close to
    • vtoN.+Vcoverb: approach somebody and V (ask, request, seek) > V (seek, request) (something) from N
    • vtoN.adVcoverbtowards
    • vtoNfigurativemove close to (a fate one suffers) 就戮
    近  jìn OC: ɡɯns MC: gɨn 18 Attributions

    The most current general word for approaching or getting close to anything is jìn 近 (ant. yuàn 遠 "remove oneself far from"). [GENERAL], [LITERAL!]

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)get anywhere near a contextually determinate object
    • vt+prep+Nget close to
    • vtoNcome close to
    • vtoNfigurativeverge towards, be inclined towards; cultivate the company of, cultivate close personal relations with
    • vtoNgradedcome closer and closer toCH
    即  jí OC: tsɯɡ MC: tsɨk 10 Attributions

    Jí 即 and jiù 就 (all ant. lí 離 "leave, move away from") refer neutrally to moving close to a certain place. [GENERAL]

      Word relations
    • Ant: 叛/REVOLT The current general word for staging a revolt against authorities is pàn 叛 (ant. shùn 順 "remain loyal").
    • Ant: 棄/DISCARD The standard general words for discarding something is qì 棄 (ant. qǔ 取 "choose to retain") and the somewhat rarer juān 捐.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmove close to; join (the military forces) of
    • vtoNfigurativebecome politically close to; become culturally close to
    薄  báo OC: baaɡ MC: bɑk 8 Attributions

    Bó 薄 and pò 迫 refers somewhat dramatically to moving (often precariously) close to something. [DRAMATIC], [LITERAL]

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNchangeget close to; move in on; move in on aggressively so as to attack; bear down on
    附  fù OC: bos MC: bi̯o 7 Attributions

    Fù 附 is to move very close up indeed to something, often getting attached to it. [HIGH-DEGREE], [LITERAL]

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 從/FOLLOW The dominant current word for moving along behind someone or something else, both in concrete and in abstract senses, is cóng 從 (ant. bèi 背 "be in opposition against").

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)approach the contextually determinate NCH
    • vtoNapproach, get extremely close to; attach oneself to, ingratiate oneself with
    • vtoNcausativecause to get close to N; cause to attach to NDS
    • vtoNpassiveget attached
    著  zhuó OC: k-laɡ MC: ʈi̯ɐk 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNget close to, get attached to
    迫  pò OC: praaɡ MC: pɣɛk 3 Attributions

    Bó 薄 and pò 迫 refers somewhat dramatically to moving (often precariously) close to something. [DRAMATIC], [LITERAL]

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)approach with sudden force or acute urgency
    • vtoNpress in on, come threateningly close to
    當  dāng OC: taaŋ MC: tɑŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt0oN.adSwhen it came to the time of
    • vt0oN.adSwhen it comes to the subject/topic NCH
    • vtoNcome to approach, come to face, come to be faced with 
    邇  ěr OC: mljelʔ MC: ȵiɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpassivebe approached
    傅  fù OC: paɡs MC: pi̯o 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNget close to; be close to
    莅  lì MC: lijH OC: ɡ-rɯbs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNfigurativeapproach (an abstact object), faceLZ
    親  qīn OC: tshiŋ MC: tshin 1 Attribution

    Qīn 親 (NB: shū 疏 is not used as an antonym for this meaning.) refers primarily to moving intimately close to something. [ELEVATED], [TRANSFERRED!]

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)associate closely with, approach so as to associate closely withCH
    迓  yà OC: ŋɡraas MC: ŋɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)run along to a contextually determinate N
    • vtoNrun up towards[meet with][CA]
    近促  jìn cù OC: ɡɯnʔ tshoɡ MC: gɨn tshi̯ok 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt[oN]come closer; be fast approaching one
    近前  jìn qián OC: ɡɯnʔ dzeen MC: gɨn dzen 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt[oN]imperativecome close to me
    厭  yā MC: 'jiep OC: qeb 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt prep N= ya1 壓: press in on, come threateningly close toLZ
    促  cù OC: tshoɡ MC: tshi̯ok 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNabapproach 促坐 "go to one's seat"