HUNGRY    肚子餓飢

NEED FOOD FOR ONESELF NOW.
HUNGERFAMINERAVENOUSEMPTYIN NEED OF FOODHOLLOWFAINT FROM/WITH HUNGERSTARVINGSTARVEDFAMISHEDMALNOURISHEDUNDERNOURISHEDUNDERFEDINFORMAL PECKISHABLE TO EAT A HORSEARCHAIC ESURIENTFOOD SHORTAGESSCARCITY OF FOODSTARVATIONMALNUTRITION
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The most common current and general word for insufficiency of food supplies is probably jī 飢 (ant. bǎo 飽 "have eaten enough"), and this word refers to any such insufficiency, temporary or lasting, serious or minor. Presumably, the word can also refer to insufficiency of food among animals. 2. È 餓 refers to famine as a serious condition threatening the lives of the persons involved. 3. Jǐn 殣 refers to serious famine often resulting in death. 4. Jī 饑 (NOT ANCIENTLY HOMOPHONOUS WITH 飢 in ancient Chinese), and the rarer jín 饉 as well as the very rare qiàn 歉 refer to insufficiency of food as a result of bad harvest. 5. Něi 餒 refers to the state of being hungry in an individual, and at a certain time.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 FOOD 10. 飢餓。 飢，生理現象；又作通稱。 餓，嚴重的飢餓。 餒，嚴重飢餓, 多作名詞, 或作修飾詞與其他詞合用為名詞。 饑，飢荒。 饉，嚴重飢荒，要與他詞連用。 歉，食物少。 殣，餓死者。
Modern Chinese Criteria
肚子餓 餓 饑 餒 饑餓 飢餓 挨餓 餓飯 枵腹 囂然 饑火 飢火 餓得慌 食不果腹 饑腸轆轆 嗷嗷待哺 喝西北風 肚子裡唱空城計 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Antonym
  • SATIATEDCOMFORTABLE BECAUSE one has EATEN ENOUGH.
See also
Hypernym
  • NEED　LACK AND be DISTRESSED BECAUSE of that. (anc: 7/0, child: 3)
  • LACK　SITUATION OF NOT HAVING, OR NOT to BEING-IN the UNIVERSE. (anc: 6/0, child: 48)
  • SITUATION　RELATION in which MANY HUMANS, FEATURES OR THINGS EXIST TOGETHER OR INTERACT. (anc: 5/0, child: 11)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 5.14

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    HUNGRY

    fames refers to hunger from want of food.

    esuries refers to hunger because of an empty stomach.

    inedia refers generally to a refusal to eat.

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 315

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    FAMES ET SITIS

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 171

  • “孟子”同義詞研究 ( MENGZI TONGYI 2002) p. 327

  • "Sachwoerterbuch zum Alten China" ( UNGER SACH) p.

    HUNGERSNOT

  • "三國志"同義詞及其歷史演變 ( WANG TONGWEI 2010) p. 518-532

  • 飢、餓之窮盡調查與對比研究 漢語史研究集刊 Hanyushi Yanjiu Jikan ( WEI DACHUN 2002) p. 152

    Results: 1. the distinction between 飢 and 餓 is not one between a literary and a colloquial word.

    2. There is a clear difference in degree between the two words.

    3. Beginning from Han times the distinction between the two words is gradually neutralised, but a nuance of difference in degree remains.

    This is a very detailed article which deserves careful close consideration.

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.280.236

    APPETIT.FAIM

    • Words (21 items)

    饑  jī OC: kɯl MC: kɨi 41 Attributions

    Jī 饑 (NOT ANCIENTLY HOMOPHONOUS WITH 飢 in ancient Chinese), and the rarer jín 饉 as well as the very rare qiàn 歉 refer to insufficiency of food as a result of bad harvest.

      Word relations
    • Result: 死/DIE The dominant general word is sǐ 死 (ant. shēng 生"be alive"), and this can refer to the death of plants as well as animals or men.
    • Ant: 穰/ABUNDANT Rǎng 穰 refers, occasionally, to the abundance of a population or to abundance of food supply. [SPECIALISED]
    • Ant: 飽/SATIATED
    • Epithet: 凶/INAUSPICIOUS The current general word for what is of no good omen is xiōng 凶 (ant. jí 吉).
    • Contrast: 餓/HUNGRY È 餓 refers to famine as a serious condition threatening the lives of the persons involved.
    • Assoc: 耗/POOR
    • Assoc: 飢/HUNGRY The most common current and general word for insufficiency of food supplies is probably jī 飢 (ant. bǎo 飽 "have eaten enough"), and this word refers to any such insufficiency, temporary or lasting, serious or minor. Presumably, the word can also refer to insufficiency of food among animals.
    • Assoc: 餓/HUNGRY È 餓 refers to famine as a serious condition threatening the lives of the persons involved.
    • Assoc: 寒/COLD The standard current word referring to coldness is hán 寒 (ant. standardly shǔ 暑, but also wēn 溫, rè 熱 "warm").

      Syntactic words
    • n[adN]plurthe famished, the hungry
    • nabeventserious famine
    • vadNfamished; famine-stricken
    • vibe hungry; (of places, during a certain time) suffer a scarcity of food
    • vi0there is famine
    飢  jī OC: kril MC: ki 34 Attributions

    The most common current and general word for insufficiency of food supplies is probably jī 飢 (ant. bǎo 飽 "have eaten enough"), and this word refers to any such insufficiency, temporary or lasting, serious or minor. Presumably, the word can also refer to insufficiency of food among animals.

      Word relations
    • Result: 死/DIE The dominant general word is sǐ 死 (ant. shēng 生"be alive"), and this can refer to the death of plants as well as animals or men.
    • Ant: 飽/EAT Bǎo 飽 refers specifically to eating enough or having eaten enough and is most current as an intransitive verb.
    • Assoc: 耗/POOR
    • Assoc: 寒/COLD The standard current word referring to coldness is hán 寒 (ant. standardly shǔ 暑, but also wēn 溫, rè 熱 "warm").
    • Assoc: 饑/HUNGRY Jī 饑 (NOT ANCIENTLY HOMOPHONOUS WITH 飢 in ancient Chinese), and the rarer jín 饉 as well as the very rare qiàn 歉 refer to insufficiency of food as a result of bad harvest.
    • Oppos: 渴/THIRSTY The dominant general word fir thirstiness is kě 渴.

      Syntactic words
    • nab[.post-N]oneself going hungryCH
    • nabeventhunger; famine; ERYA, perhaps implausibly: specifically famine on the grounds of failure of grain harvest; also: artificially induced hunger
    • nabstativestate of being hungry, need for nourishment
    • v[adN]N=hum; non-referentialthe famished
    • vadNfamished; suffering from famine
    • vigo very hungry, not have enough to eat; suffer famine, be starving
    • vt+prep+Nfigurative: "hunger" after NTWH
    • vtoNcausativestarve (oneself)
    • vtoNcausativecause to go hungry; cause to starveCH
    • vtoNfigurative"hunger" after N
    餓  è OC: ŋaals MC: ŋɑ 25 Attributions

    È 餓 refers to famine as a serious condition threatening the lives of the persons involved.

      Word relations
    • Result: 死/DIE The dominant general word is sǐ 死 (ant. shēng 生"be alive"), and this can refer to the death of plants as well as animals or men.
    • Epithet: 殍 / 殍/CORPSE Piǎo 殍 refers specifically to the dead bodies of those who have starved and who lie unburied.
    • Contrast: 饑/HUNGRY Jī 饑 (NOT ANCIENTLY HOMOPHONOUS WITH 飢 in ancient Chinese), and the rarer jín 饉 as well as the very rare qiàn 歉 refer to insufficiency of food as a result of bad harvest.
    • Assoc: 匱/POOR
    • Assoc: 不飽/HUNGRY
    • Assoc: 饑/HUNGRY Jī 饑 (NOT ANCIENTLY HOMOPHONOUS WITH 飢 in ancient Chinese), and the rarer jín 饉 as well as the very rare qiàn 歉 refer to insufficiency of food as a result of bad harvest.

      Syntactic words
    • actstarve oneself
    • nabstarvingLZ
    • nabeventfamine
    • v[adN]nonreferentialthe famished
    • vadNstarved; starving; desperately hungry
    • vadV(die) by starvation
    • vistarve; be extremely hungry, be famished (on a given occasion); suffer famine (ERYA: especially because of lack of grain)
    • vtoNcausativecause oneself to be famished; cause oneself to starve
    餒  něi OC: nuulʔ MC: nuo̝i 9 Attributions

    Něi 餒 refers to the state of being hungry in an individual, and at a certain time.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 渴/THIRSTY The dominant general word fir thirstiness is kě 渴.

      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychhunger
    • vadNbeing without food, famished
    • vibe without food, have nothing to eat; suffer from lack of food
    • vtoNcausativelet or cause (somebody) being hungry
    饉  jǐn OC: ɡrɯns MC: gin 5 Attributions

    Jǐn 殣 refers to serious famine often resulting in death.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 饑/HUNGRY Jī 饑 (NOT ANCIENTLY HOMOPHONOUS WITH 飢 in ancient Chinese), and the rarer jín 饉 as well as the very rare qiàn 歉 refer to insufficiency of food as a result of bad harvest.

      Syntactic words
    • nabeventmild famine
    • vadN(disaster) of famine
    • visuffer famine as a result of bad harvest (ERYA, perhaps implausibly: especially with respect to vegetables)
    饑饉  jī jǐn OC: kɯl ɡrɯns MC: kɨi gin 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1=N2}nonreferentialfamine
    饑餓  jī è OC: kɯl ŋaals MC: kɨi ŋɑ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPigo hungry
    不足  bù zú OC: pɯʔ tsoɡ MC: pi̯ut tsi̯ok 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPi0there was famine
    糧絕  liáng jué MC: ljang -- OC: ɡ-raŋ dzod 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPirun out of foodCH
    饑餒  jī něi OC: kɯl nuulʔ MC: kɨi nuo̝i 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabstativehunger
    無食  wú yì MC: mju yiH OC: ma ɡ-lɯɡs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPigo hungry, not have enough to eatCH
    飢困  jī kùn OC: kril khuuns MC: ki khuo̝n 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiresultativego hungry and as a result be in severe trouble > suffer severe hunger
    菜色  cài sè MC: tshojH srik OC: tshɯɯs sqrɯɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiexpressiveto have a vegetable-coloured face, or perhaps, have a vegetarian's colour in one's face = to have been starvingLZ
    饑死  jī sǐ OC: kɯl pliʔ MC: kɨi si 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabprocessstarving to death
    菜  cài OC: tshɯɯs MC: tshəi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNhungry (having the colour of someone who has to live on vegetarian food)LZ
    • vihungry (looks of someone who has to live on vegatarian food)
    不飽  bù bǎo OC: pɯʔ pruuʔ MC: pi̯ut pɣɛu 0 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 餓/HUNGRY È 餓 refers to famine as a serious condition threatening the lives of the persons involved.

      Syntactic words
    • VPibe hungry
    餓著  è zhuó OC: ŋaals k-laɡ MC: ŋɑ ʈi̯ɐk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiprocessstarving
    飢飽  jī bǎo OC: kril pruuʔ MC: ki pɣɛu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNhungry or well-fed
    嗛  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • videficiency of food (GU)
    康  kāng OC: khlaaŋ MC: khɑŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabeventfamine; total lack of food
    歉  qiàn OC: khleemʔ MC: khem
    歉  qiǎn OC: khreemʔ MC: khɣɛm
    歉歉嗛  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabeventfailure of harvest, mild famine
    • visuffer mild famine